Examining the Effect of Perceived Responsibility on Online Bystander Intervention, Target Hardening, and Inaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110550
Author(s):  
Leah C. Butler ◽  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher ◽  
Billy Henson ◽  
Bradford W. Reyns
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Online Harassment ◽  
Target Hardening ◽  
Analyze Data

Failure to take responsibility for intervening has been identified as a primary barrier to bystander intervention. Building on these findings, we examine how perceptions of responsibility affect responses to witnessing victimization in the online realm—a topic that has received limited attention. Using a maximum-likelihood selection model, we analyze data from the Pew American Trends Panel ( N = 3709) to estimate the effects of respondents’ perceptions of the role different groups should play in addressing online harassment on their likelihood to engage in intervention, target hardening, or inaction in response to witnessing online harassment, conditioned upon their likelihood of having witnessed such behavior. Findings indicate that the greater role respondents believe online users should have in addressing online harassment, the more likely they are to intervene. ( b = .310). The greater role respondents believe law enforcement or elected officials should have in addressing online harassment, the less likely they are to intervene ( b = −.135 and −.072, respectively). These findings have implications for future efforts to curb online harassment through users’ crime prevention efforts.

Do New Chiefs Mean Fresh Perspectives? The Institutionalization of the Police Executive Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110067
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Time Periods

Research suggests policing is a highly institutionalized field. Limited attention has been paid, however, to the institutionalization of leaders’ views. Assessing turnover in 71 Texas police organizations between October, 2011, and July, 2015, this research evaluates whether there is consistency (i.e., institutional homogenization) after turnover in chiefs’ perceptions of their environments and agency priorities. The research is unique in that it assesses two chiefs’ perceptions that have both led the same law enforcement agency in successive time periods. Assessments of environment and priorities from former chiefs and those replacing them are evaluated utilizing descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods. These assessments are also compared with a control group of chiefs from agencies not experiencing turnover. Bivariate results suggest little variation across current and former chiefs, whereas ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models suggest differing relationships across chiefs groups between environmental perceptions and agency priorities. Discussion of the findings is framed by institutional theory.

Organizing the Division

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-119
Author(s):  
Luis Daniel Gascón ◽  
Aaron Roussell
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Symbolic Boundaries ◽  
Community Meeting

The chapter examines the captaincy of Albert Himura and his academy trainer, Rick Patton. Together, these Captains defined the organizational structure of the two groups the authors observed—the CPAB and the HO—throughout their fieldwork. The authors explore the community meeting structure under Captain Himura, whose main goal is to cultivate the capacity for community crime control. This begins with recruiting pro-law-enforcement thinkers. They also discuss how Captain Patton controlled the symbolic boundaries of meetings—who could participate, the agenda, and what messages should be circulated within and outside meetings—and show how police shape and restrict the role of the citizen in crime prevention. Regular meetings demonstrate that LAPD wishes to collaborate, but at the same time the Captain and SLOs favor LAPD’s traditional crime-fighting project.

Regulating Hate: State and Local Influences on Hate Crime Law Enforcement

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Haider-Markel
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
State And Local ◽  
American Cities

I use elements of overhead democracy and policy implementation theory to explain hate crime law enforcement in American cities. I develop hypotheses of the relationships between law enforcement, state and local policies, and the preferences of elected officials, bureaucrats, and the public. Using survey and demographic data, I find that local hate crime law enforcement is driven by the presence of state hate crime policies, the support and efforts of bureaucrats, the tractability of the hate crime problem, police funding and training, and public preferences. Law enforcement does not appear to be significantly influenced by the preferences of elected officials, local hate crime policies, or administrative procedures for hate crime cases. Thus, although political control by local elected officials is weak, state officials and citizens have some influence over local hate crime law enforcement.

scholarly journals Bystander Intervention in Street Violence: Current Evidence and Implications for Practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Suonperä Liebst ◽  
Richard Philpot ◽  
Marie Bruvik Heinskou ◽  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Prevention Of Violence ◽  
Street Violence ◽  
Potential Resource

In street violence, bystanders are a potential resource for crime prevention, as they tend to be present when the police are absent. This paper describes evidence of bystanders taking an active role in the prevention of violence and considers implications for crime prevention initiatives.

scholarly journals ACTIONS FOR PREVENTION OF ECONOMIC CRIMES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Виктория Дыкина ◽  
Viktoriya Dykina ◽  
Лия Маилян ◽  
Leah Mailyan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation ◽  
Economic Crimes

The article presents preventive measures for economic crimes, describes the subjects of crime prevention in the economic sphere, and reveals the existing methods for detecting and preventing economic crimes. Among the most important methods, there are: the improvement of legislation in the sphere of regulation of the fight against economic crimes and the motivation of law enforcement agencies for its qualitative implementation.

scholarly journals Supermarket Operators’ Perception of Effects: Shoplifting Crimes Within the CBD In Nairobi County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Tonui Paul Kiprugut ◽  
Panuel Mwaeke ◽  
Wokabi Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Target Hardening ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Frequency Identification

This paper established prevalence of the characteristics in the shoplifting crimes and determined the supermarket operators’ perception of the effects of shoplifting crimes on society. The study was guided by three objectives: to establish offender characteristics of the shoplifting crimes, to establish prevalence of the characteristics in the shoplifting crimes and to determine the supermarket operators’ perception of the effects of shoplifting crimes on society. The study was guided by Rational Choice and the Routine Activity Theories. The study used a census sampling technique with a sample size of a hundred respondents. These included 90 junior employees of Tuskys, Uchumi and Naivas Supermarkets, 3 branch managers, 3 police officers within the area of the study and 4 officials of the Nairobi Supermarkets Association. Interview schedule was used to collect data. Data collected was organized, summarized and interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages. The findings revealed that the prevalence of shoplifting was 1-2 incidences in a week. The results also revealed that the most commonly used method was concealing of items which were majorly done by women. Further, whereas there are other types of shoplifters, a concern raised by 30% of the respondents is that significant number of criminals has made shoplifting a career. This should inform policy makers, especially in this era of unprecedented unemployment. Additionally, as indicated by 55% of the respondents, staff colluded with criminals to steal from the supermarkets. This should appeal to supermarket operators as this may have an implication on supermarket businesses in the CBD. The study recommends several target hardening strategies to counter shoplifting crimes that included using high Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) programmed surveillance and records linked to the law enforcement through alarm trigger alerts in case of suspicious activities, with high-quality identifiable traceable images of shoplifters, to local law enforcement agencies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document