Can Emerging Adults’ Dating Psychological Aggression be Explained by Family-of-Origin Psychological Aggression, Emotion Dysregulation, and Drinking?

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110551
Author(s):  
Deepali M. Dhruve ◽  
Arazais D. Oliveros
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Alcohol Expectancy ◽  
Childhood Experiences

Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts the lives of millions of individuals; nearly 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men report experiencing IPV during their lifetime. Previous studies frequently cite family-of-origin aggression as a risk factor for later experiences with IPV. Research with adults who engage in IPV finds an association with childhood exposure to family violence, but the strength of that association may vary. Psychological aggression often pre-dates more severe IPV and college students are a particular risk group for IPV. Additionally, previous literature has revealed gender differences in response to childhood experiences of family violence. As such, the current study sought to identify factors that explain and moderate risk for dating psychological aggression (DPA) in college adults, and sex differences in those associations. Participants (464 women, 142 men), who were in a current romantic relationship lasting at least 3 months, completed measures of past psychological aggression in the family-of-origin (PAF), current emotion dysregulation, risky drinking, and DPA perpetrated in current dating relationships. Emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between PAF and current DPA; however, differences among specific types of PAF and sex were noted. Results support an intergenerational transmission of PAF and suggest that parent–child sex dyads influence this process. The findings also provide evidence that higher levels of drinking are associated with increased emotion dysregulation. These results contrast with the alcohol expectancy for stress relief and support public messaging that alcohol use does not relieve stress. Clinical and research implications for prevention of the intergenerational transmission of aggression are discussed.

Family Violence in Context: An Intergenerational Systemic Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-291
Author(s):  
Stephen Southern ◽  
Raymond D. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Systemic Model

Family violence represents a major public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violent families engage in child maltreatment or intimate partner violence in response to horizontal stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and vertical stressors, including events in the family life cycle and changes in cultural contexts. Although family violence is often considered an individual problem, solutions require close examination of family structure, dynamics, and competence. The Beavers Systems Model for Family Functioning identified family groupings at risk of family violence. An emerging perspective on intergenerational transmission of violence from childhood neglect and abuse to elder abuse accounts for the accumulation of adverse childhood experiences and increasing risk of victimization or perpetration. An intergenerational systemic model identifies multiple contexts and levels for evaluating and treating family violence over the life span. Early identification and intervention facilitate prevention and rehabilitation. As families transcend adversity, they are able to realize post-traumatic growth and resilience. Recommendations for applications of the model are offered.

Distinct and Overlapping Correlates of Psychological and Physical Partner Violence Perpetration

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2375-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Cascardi ◽  
Ernest N. Jouriles ◽  
Jeff R. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
High Prevalence

Despite its high prevalence, adverse impact, and potential significance in understanding the onset of physical partner violence (PV), there has been surprisingly scant research on psychological PV perpetration. The present research, guided by social learning and attachment theories, addresses this gap in the literature by examining overlapping and distinct correlates for psychological and physical PV perpetration in emerging adults. Undergraduates ( N = 504) with current or recent dating experience were recruited to complete a self-report survey. The survey included measures of emotional and physical child maltreatment, witnessing physical family violence, insecure attachment, hostility, and anger. The sample was 63% female and racially and ethnically diverse (50% non-White, non-Hispanic, or Hispanic of any race). Insecure attachment and anger, but not hostility or child maltreatment, were uniquely correlated with psychological PV, whereas only physical child maltreatment and witnessing physical family violence were unique correlates for physical PV. Neither emotional nor physical child maltreatment potentiated relations between insecure attachment, hostility, or anger and either form of PV. Although females were more likely to perpetrate psychological and physical PV, correlates for each form of PV did not vary by gender. The relations between physical child maltreatment and physical PV are consistent with a social learning theory explanation for physical PV. Insecure attachment and anger appear to be particularly important correlates for psychological, but not physical, PV. Thus, psychological and physical PV may have distinct risk profiles and may require different intervention targets.

scholarly journals Witnessing Parental Violence and Cyber IPV Perpetration in Hispanic Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Attitudes Toward IPV

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097583
Author(s):  
Ines Cano-Gonzalez ◽  
Ruby Charak ◽  
Ohad Gilbar ◽  
Rosa Viñas-Racionero ◽  
Megan K. Strait
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence ◽  
Hispanic Culture ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Age Range

Recent studies indicate that the perpetration of intimate partner violence via cyberspaces (cyber IPV), namely, psychological aggression, sexual aggression, and cyberstalking is high among emerging adults. However, little is known of the risk factors that lead to cyber IPV and far lesser within Hispanic adults. Based on the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis, the present study examined the indirect effect of witnessing parental violence during childhood on the three types of cyber IPV through attitudes condoning IPV in Hispanic men and women, separately. Participants were 1,136 Hispanic emerging adults in the age range of 18–29 years ( M = 20.53 years, SD = 2.42; 72.5% women, 88% Mexican descent). Over half of the participants (54.2%) witnessed at least one instance of parental violence during childhood. In contrast to women, men were more likely to hold attitudes accepting of IPV and perpetrate cyber sexual IPV, whereas women were more likely to report cyberstalking perpetration. Men and women with exposure to mother-to-father violence held attitudes justifying IPV that was associated with perpetrating the three cyber IPV types in adulthood (women: Brange = .016–.036; men: Brange = .016–.024). No significant gender differences were found in the associations of mother-to-father WPV and father-to-mother WPV on the three types of cyber IPV perpetration. These findings are discussed in the context of Hispanic culture, which has specific implications for cyber IPV intervention strategies.

Effects of Childhood Experiences of Family Violence on Adult Partner Violence: A Meta-Analytic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika N. Smith-Marek ◽  
Bryan Cafferky ◽  
Prerana Dharnidharka ◽  
Allen B. Mallory ◽  
María Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Analytic Review

scholarly journals An Integrative Exploration of Sexual, Physical, Psychological, and Cyber-Digital Relationship Abuse in Adolescent and Young Adult Relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Saint-Eloi Cadely ◽  
Tiffani Kisler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Relationship Abuse ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Although detrimental for any age group, rates of experiencing sexual assault (SA) are found to be the highest among young adults; with nearly 25% of young adult women indicating to have experienced SA at least once in their romantic relationship. SA is also common among adolescents, as 33% of young women between the ages of 11–17 indicated to have been raped. The effects from SA include depression, trauma, and interpersonal distress, which are similar to the effects of other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) (i.e., physical and psychological aggression), suggesting a covariation between these various forms of aggression. Additionally, a new form of dating violence has emerged; cyber-digital relationship abuse (CDRA). This behavior is commonly expressed via means of social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, & Snapchat) and through digital means (e.g., texting and email) whereby youth and young adults harass, threaten, control, and monitor their partners whereabouts. Recent studies have indicated that CDRA may serve as a precursor to physical violence in dating relationships. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an integrative exploration of sexual, physical, psychological, and CDRA by tracking the progression and concurrence across these various forms of IPV among youth and young adults. Implications for interventions will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Emotion dysregulation in the intergenerational transmission of romantic relationship conflict.

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoun K. Kim ◽  
Katherine C. Pears ◽  
Deborah M. Capaldi ◽  
Lee D. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Relationship Conflict

A Methodological Review and Critique of the “Intergenerational Transmission of Violence” Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Haselschwerdt ◽  
Rachel Savasuk-Luxton ◽  
Kathleen Hlavaty
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Child Abuse And Maltreatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Exposure to interpersonal or interparental violence (EIPV) and child abuse and maltreatment (CAM) are associated with an increased risk of maladaptive outcomes, including later involvement in adulthood intimate partner violence (IPV; often referred to as the theory of intergenerational transmission of violence). Recent meta-analyses, however, have documented a weak effect size when examining this association. By focusing on young adulthood, a development stage in which identity development and romantic relationship formation are salient tasks, we can provide insight into the association between EIPV, CAM, and IPV. Guided by the methodological critiques from the IPV and EIPV literatures, the present study reviewed the methodology used in 16 studies (published between 2002 and 2016) that tested the theory of intergenerational transmission of violence. The review study focused on how EIPV, CAM, and young adult dating violence were measured and analyzed, with the initial goal of better understanding how methodological decision informed the study’s findings. Ultimately, we determined that there was simply too much methodological variability and yet too little methodological complexity to truly inform a review and discussion of the results; therefore, our review solely focused on the study’s methodological decisions. Based on our review, we suggest that both of these challenges, too much variability and too little complexity, hinder our ability to examine the theory of intergenerational transmission of violence. Future research must strike a balance between methodological consistency and complexity to better understand the intricate nuances of IPV experiences and inform practice.

scholarly journals The Development of Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Key Correlates Among a Sample of Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1357-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Copp ◽  
Peggy C. Giordano ◽  
Monica A. Longmore ◽  
Wendy D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Family

Social learning theory remains one of the leading explanations of intimate partner violence (IPV). Research on attitudes toward IPV represents a logical extension of the social learning tradition, as it is intuitive to expect that individuals exposed to violence in the family of origin may internalize behavioral scripts for violence and adopt attitudes accepting of IPV. Yet despite this assumed link between family violence and attitudes toward IPV, few studies have empirically examined factors associated with the development of such attitudes. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationship Study (TARS), we examine the role of family violence on the adoption of attitudes accepting of IPV among a sample of young adults ( n = 928). The current investigation contributes to existing literature on attitudes toward IPV by (a) providing an empirical examination of factors associated with attitudes toward IPV in predictive models; (b) relying on a multifaceted index, describing specific conditions under which IPV may be deemed justifiable; (c) examining extra-familial factors, in addition to family violence exposure, to provide a more comprehensive account of factors associated with attitudes toward IPV; and (d) focusing particular attention on the role of gender, including whether the factors associated with attitudinal acceptance of IPV are similar for men and women. Findings indicated considerable variation in overall endorsement of attitudes regarding the use of violence across conditions, with greater endorsement among women. Consistent with social learning approaches to IPV, exposure to violence in the family of origin was associated with attitudes toward IPV. Yet findings also signaled the salience of factors beyond the family, including a range of sociodemographic, relationship, and adult status characteristics. We discuss the relevance of our findings for future theorizing and research in the area of attitudes toward IPV.

Does Emotion Regulation Mediate the Relation Between Family-of-Origin Violence and Intimate Partner Violence?

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986714
Author(s):  
Arazais D. Oliveros ◽  
Ashley S. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

Family-of-origin violence (FOV), including child maltreatment and exposure to interparental violence during childhood, is frequently cited as a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties have been linked to FOV and to IPV, but research has not identified the role of ER as a mechanism by which past exposure to FOV predicts current IPV. The current study examines whether greater FOV predicts ER difficulties, whether these difficulties can explain/mediate the relationship between FOV and IPV, and whether the process differs according to the gender of parent–child dyads. Emerging adult participants (475 women, 145 men) aged 18 to 30 years, who were in a current romantic relationship lasting at least 3 months, completed measures of past FOV, current difficulties in ER, and IPV perpetrated and experienced in current intimate relationships. ER difficulties mediated the relationship between FOV and current IPV; however, differences among specific types of FOV and gender were noted. Results support an intergenerational transmission of family violence and suggest that parent–child gender dyads influence this process.

ADHD Symptomology and Social Functioning in College Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina M. Sacchetti ◽  
Elizabeth K. Lefler
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Anger Management ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Romantic Relationship Satisfaction

Objective: ADHD is no longer considered a disorder that children simply outgrow. Adults experience ADHD at high rates (2.5%-5%) and are impaired in multiple life domains, including social impairment. The purpose of this study was to examine emerging adults with varying degrees of ADHD symptomology in respect to social impairment, state and trait anger, romantic relationship satisfaction, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: College students, a subset of emerging adults, were recruited to complete measures online. Results: Data were analyzed using a series of multiple regressions. Higher levels of ADHD symptomology in college students were related to increased social impairment and higher levels of state and trait anger, but not romantic relationship satisfaction or rates of IPV. Conclusion: Anger management and social skills training may be beneficial treatment components for this group.

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