Does Tax Increment Financing Pass the “But-for” Test in Missouri?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi ◽  
T. William Lester
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Increment Financing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The use of tax increment financing (TIF) remains a popular, yet highly controversial, tool among policy makers in their efforts to promote economic development. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of Missouri’s TIF program, specifically in Kansas City and St. Louis, in creating economic opportunities. We build a time-series data set starting 1990 through 2012 of detailed employment levels, establishment counts, and sales at the census block-group level to run a set of difference-in-differences with matching estimates for the impact of TIF at the local level. Although we analyze the impact of TIF on a wide set of indicators and across various industry sectors, we find no conclusive evidence that the TIF program in either city has a causal impact on key economic development indicators.

Economic growth, Industrialization, Trade, Electricity production and Carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Appiah ◽  
Rhoda Appah ◽  
Oware Kofi Mintah ◽  
Benjamin Yeboah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag

Abstract: The study scrutinized correlation between electricity production, trade, economic growth, industrialization and carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana. Our study disaggregated trade into export and import to spell out distinctive and individual variable contribution to emissions in Ghana. In an attempt to investigate, the study used time-series data set of World Development Indicators from 1971 to 2014. By means of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegrating technique, study established that variables are co-integrated and have long-run equilibrium relationship. Results of long-term effect of explanatory variables on carbon dioxide emissions indicated that 1% each increase of economic growth and industrialization, will cause an increase of emissions by 16.9% and 79% individually whiles each increase of 1% of electricity production, trade exports, trade imports, will cause a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions by 80.3%, 27.7% and 4.1% correspondingly. In the pursuit of carbon emissions' mitigation and achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, Ghana need to increase electricity production and trade exports.   

scholarly journals Electing to Do Women's Work? Gendered Divisions of Labor in U.K. Select Committees, 1979–2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Mark Goodwin ◽  
Stephen Holden Bates ◽  
Stephen McKay
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
Original Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Where female representatives are located within legislatures and what they do matters for the substantive representation of women. Previous scholarship has found that female parliamentary committee members participate differently than their male counterparts in relation to both policy area and status of positions held. Here, we draw on an original time-series data set (n = 9,767) to analyze the U.K. select committee system. We test for the impact of four variables previously found to be important in explaining changes in gendered divisions of labor: the system of appointment/election, the proportion of female representatives in the legislature, sharp increases in the number of female representatives, and changes in government from right-wing parties to left-wing parties. We find that horizontal and vertical divisions of labor persist over time and that membership patterns in the United Kingdom mainly correspond to those found elsewhere. Moreover, there is little evidence that any of the four variables have systematically affected membership patterns.

scholarly journals Impact of Women Education on Economic Growth: An Evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Kiran Zahra ◽  
Mudassar Yasin ◽  
Baserat Sultana ◽  
Zulqarnain Haider ◽  
Raheela Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Education is the most fundamental right in the current situation, and it is an essential element of economic growth. No country can achieve economic development and goals without investing in education. Pakistan’s economic development is possible when education is equal for both men and women, but the government did not give importance to the sector as it deserved. This study investigated the determinants of female higher education in Pakistan and the impact of women's education on the economic growth of Pakistan. This study utilized time-series data from 1991 to 2019. The autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model is applied to estimate the impact. The result shows that in Pakistan, education expenditure has no positive effect on female education. In contrast, a positive relationship between female higher education and GDP growth exists, but this relation is not strong in the short run and long run.

scholarly journals Economics of Property Crime Rate in Punjab

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Shahzad Mahmood Jabbar ◽  
Hasan M. Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Police Strength ◽  
The Impact

This study intends to ascertain the impact of socio-economic, demographic and deterrent variables and the effect of technical criminal know-how and past criminal experience on property crime rate. The property crime equation comprises of the following independent variables: population density, unemployment rate, literacy rate, police strength and number of police proclaimed offenders in a society. The property crime equation has been estimated by using a time-series data set for Punjab from 1978 to 2012. We have applied Johansen cointegration approach to test the long run relationship among the variables. Empirical findings suggest that police strength has a deterrent effect while past criminal experience enhances property crime rate in Punjab. The study finds population density has a significant positive relationship while education has a significant negative relationship with property crime rate. Further we also find a negative relationship between unemployment and property crime which is supported by the concept of ‘consensus of doubt’ in the discipline of crime and economics. JEL Classification: D6

Does Infrastructure Matters in Government Spending? A Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir (India) with Cointegration Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Ul Hassan ◽  
Biswambhara Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of infrastructure level on government spending in short and long run and also to find the tendency of infrastructure level to stabilise any disequilibrium in government spending in long run. Infrastructure is related to the quality and quantity of goods and services provided by government to the population, to fulfil their diverse demands. The state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is not an exception; the increasing trend in different aspects of population and rising needs and aspirations of the growing population forces the government to increase expenditure on that count, which results in increase in aggregate government spending. Using multivariate cointegration technique followed by vector error correction model (VECM) model on annual time-series data for the period from 1984 to 2013 with broader data set of infrastructure dimension, the study found that the infrastructure variables cause major variation in government expenditure in short as well as in long run. Study shows that infrastructure related to health, education, roads and portable water produce positive and significant impact on the growth of government spending and infrastructure related to these dimensions has significant tendency to stabilise any disequilibrium in government spending in long run. JEL Classification: H3, H5, H53, I

scholarly journals The Impact of Internally Generated Revenue on Economic Development in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero ◽  
Michael Chidiebere Ekwe ◽  
John Uzoma Ihendinihu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Test Of Hypotheses ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the impact of internally generated revenue (IGR) on economic development of Nigeria. The inability of States and Local governments in Nigeria to generate enough revenue to cope with their expenditure responsibilities has been a serious challenge. The improper use of IGR and corruption have remained a setback to economic development in Nigeria, hence the clamour from the citizens. This study made use of ex-post facto research design to specifically examine the impact of total IGR (TIGR), Federal Government Independent Revenue (FGIR), States IGR (SIGR) and Local IGR (LIGR) Governments IGR on the Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP i.e. proxy for economic development) of the country. The time series data employed covered a period from 1981 to 2016 and were gathered from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The statistical tool used for the data analysis was the multi-regression and t-test for test of hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that TIGR, SIGR and LIGR have robust and significant positive impact (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05) on RGDP, while FGIR also indicated positive and significant influence on RGDP. There was an existence of high correlation between the dependent and independent variables. The study concluded that the positive impact of IGR is not out of place but the physical evidence is apparently lacking and therefore government policies that could eradicate sharp practices in the government system are required. The study also recommends that government official with corruption history should not be allowed to continue to handle responsibilities rather; people with outstanding integrity should be given opportunity to occupy government positions that are sensitive and could help achieve economic development objectives.

scholarly journals China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, Logistics Developments and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Zunaira Khadim ◽  
Irem Batool ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Lodhi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to analyze the impact of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) logistics-related developments on economic growth in Pakistan. The study defined a Cobb–Douglas type of research framework in which the country’s real income level relates to four factor inputs, e.g., employed labor force, logistics development, financial development, and energy consumption in an economy. The study utilized the time series data set for the period 1972–2018. To estimate the long run relationship and short run adjustment mechanism, the study used Johansen’s method of co-integration and error correction model. Estimated results showed that the country’s logistics developments have a significant positive impact on economic growth in both the long run and the short run. It implies that China–Pakistan collaborative efforts for logistics developments will have a strong positive impact on economic growth in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Impact of FDI on Economic Development of Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Ultimate Result ◽  
The Impact

The foreign direct investment has made its position better as a bundle of benefits during the last three decades at the global level. The ultimate result of its benefits for the recipient countries is often sought in term of economic development. Such results do not appear in the same fashion in all recipient economies and so provide the space to investigate this nexus at country level. This study is an endeavor to examine empirically the impact of FDI on economic development of Pakistan. For this purpose, the time series data covering the period (1971-2009) were used. For data analysis, the bound testing approach to co integration within the framework of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was utilized. The findings of the study supported the hypothesis of positive impact of FDI on economic development of Pakistan. The results also endorsed the views that the FDI is more effective than that of domestic investment.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Human Capital On Nigeria's Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusufu Nigel Bachama ◽  
Aisha Adamu Hassan ◽  
Bello Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

Despite abundant evidence at microeconomic level, the role of human capital in promoting economic growth and development has not been well documented at the macroeconomic level – specifically in developing countries. This paper seeks to examine the role of human capital on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data covering the period from 1970-2019. The data are sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and World Development Indicators of the World Bank. The data are analyzed using Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL). The study reveals that expenditure on health and education are found to be positively and significantly related with economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. However, labor negatively impact on economic growth and it was found to be significant. Again, trade openness and inflation are insignificant in explaining economic growth in this paper. Thus, the paper recommends that, Nigerian government should focus on improving the educational and health sector. Meaning that, huge amount of government budgetary allocation should be directed toward educational and health sector. So also, government should create more jobs opportunities (through skills acquisitions/ vocational training) to minimize the unemployment rate in the country.

scholarly journals Impact of Remittance on Economic Development of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Rameshwar Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Time

This study assesses the impact of remittance on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP) and Per Capita Income (PCI) of Nepal employing multiple regression method on national annual time series data for a period of 41 years (from 1974/75 to 2014/15). The results show that there is positive impact of remittance on GDP, GNP and PCI. Further, the findings clearly provide an evidence of predictive power of fixed capital formation on economic development. But the role of export could not be established. Finally, to foster the economic development, it is suggested that the government should initiate policy to channelize the remittance income into the productive uses by offering attractive investment schemes to the remittance receiving families.

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