scholarly journals Electing to Do Women's Work? Gendered Divisions of Labor in U.K. Select Committees, 1979–2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Mark Goodwin ◽  
Stephen Holden Bates ◽  
Stephen McKay
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
Original Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Where female representatives are located within legislatures and what they do matters for the substantive representation of women. Previous scholarship has found that female parliamentary committee members participate differently than their male counterparts in relation to both policy area and status of positions held. Here, we draw on an original time-series data set (n = 9,767) to analyze the U.K. select committee system. We test for the impact of four variables previously found to be important in explaining changes in gendered divisions of labor: the system of appointment/election, the proportion of female representatives in the legislature, sharp increases in the number of female representatives, and changes in government from right-wing parties to left-wing parties. We find that horizontal and vertical divisions of labor persist over time and that membership patterns in the United Kingdom mainly correspond to those found elsewhere. Moreover, there is little evidence that any of the four variables have systematically affected membership patterns.

Does Tax Increment Financing Pass the “But-for” Test in Missouri?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi ◽  
T. William Lester
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Increment Financing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The use of tax increment financing (TIF) remains a popular, yet highly controversial, tool among policy makers in their efforts to promote economic development. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of Missouri’s TIF program, specifically in Kansas City and St. Louis, in creating economic opportunities. We build a time-series data set starting 1990 through 2012 of detailed employment levels, establishment counts, and sales at the census block-group level to run a set of difference-in-differences with matching estimates for the impact of TIF at the local level. Although we analyze the impact of TIF on a wide set of indicators and across various industry sectors, we find no conclusive evidence that the TIF program in either city has a causal impact on key economic development indicators.

scholarly journals Economics of Property Crime Rate in Punjab

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Shahzad Mahmood Jabbar ◽  
Hasan M. Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Police Strength ◽  
The Impact

This study intends to ascertain the impact of socio-economic, demographic and deterrent variables and the effect of technical criminal know-how and past criminal experience on property crime rate. The property crime equation comprises of the following independent variables: population density, unemployment rate, literacy rate, police strength and number of police proclaimed offenders in a society. The property crime equation has been estimated by using a time-series data set for Punjab from 1978 to 2012. We have applied Johansen cointegration approach to test the long run relationship among the variables. Empirical findings suggest that police strength has a deterrent effect while past criminal experience enhances property crime rate in Punjab. The study finds population density has a significant positive relationship while education has a significant negative relationship with property crime rate. Further we also find a negative relationship between unemployment and property crime which is supported by the concept of ‘consensus of doubt’ in the discipline of crime and economics. JEL Classification: D6

Does Infrastructure Matters in Government Spending? A Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir (India) with Cointegration Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Ul Hassan ◽  
Biswambhara Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of infrastructure level on government spending in short and long run and also to find the tendency of infrastructure level to stabilise any disequilibrium in government spending in long run. Infrastructure is related to the quality and quantity of goods and services provided by government to the population, to fulfil their diverse demands. The state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is not an exception; the increasing trend in different aspects of population and rising needs and aspirations of the growing population forces the government to increase expenditure on that count, which results in increase in aggregate government spending. Using multivariate cointegration technique followed by vector error correction model (VECM) model on annual time-series data for the period from 1984 to 2013 with broader data set of infrastructure dimension, the study found that the infrastructure variables cause major variation in government expenditure in short as well as in long run. Study shows that infrastructure related to health, education, roads and portable water produce positive and significant impact on the growth of government spending and infrastructure related to these dimensions has significant tendency to stabilise any disequilibrium in government spending in long run. JEL Classification: H3, H5, H53, I

scholarly journals China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, Logistics Developments and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Zunaira Khadim ◽  
Irem Batool ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Lodhi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to analyze the impact of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) logistics-related developments on economic growth in Pakistan. The study defined a Cobb–Douglas type of research framework in which the country’s real income level relates to four factor inputs, e.g., employed labor force, logistics development, financial development, and energy consumption in an economy. The study utilized the time series data set for the period 1972–2018. To estimate the long run relationship and short run adjustment mechanism, the study used Johansen’s method of co-integration and error correction model. Estimated results showed that the country’s logistics developments have a significant positive impact on economic growth in both the long run and the short run. It implies that China–Pakistan collaborative efforts for logistics developments will have a strong positive impact on economic growth in Pakistan.

The Impact of Foreign Aid on Education in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad MASOOD ANWAR ◽  
Ghulam YAHYA KHAN ◽  
Sardar JAVAID IQBAL KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Foreign Aid (FA) is an important determinant of economic growth in the developing world and especially countries like Pakistan, where development needs could not be financed by the government due to limited domestic resources. FA supplements domestic resources of finance such as savings and also enhances the amount of investment and capital stock in the country. Education is also a one of the major contributors of economic growth. In countries like Pakistan education also plays a vital role in political stability where institutions are not sound enough. The Major objective of the study is to check the effectiveness of foreign aid for education in Pakistan. This study has been primarily conducted using a time series data set for Pakistan over the period 1975 to 2010. The variables of interest are foreign aid and education, other variables are investment and openness to foreign trade. For empirical analysis ARDL techniques of co-integration developed by Pesaran and Shin (Ghorbani & Motallebi, 2009) have been used. The results show positive relationship between foreign aid and education. The study has relevance as far as policy decisions are concerned for foreign aid. 

Deteminants of Tax Burden in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-800
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huu Cung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Taxation is an important tool for each country's government to regulate the economy, distribute income fairly and contribute largely to the state budget. Tax revenue is related to the tax burden. How to achieve tax revenue to ensure an appropriate tax burden rate for the economy and the people is a relatively difficult task for each country. The empirical method is employed on a secondary time series data set during the period 1999-2016 to determine the impact of GDP at current prices, tax revenue, index of economic freedom on tax burden in Vietnam by using a linear approach. The empirical results find that the relationship between gross domestic product and tax burden is a negative sign at 1% significant level. Tax revenue has a positive effect on tax burden at 1% significant level. Economic freedom index has a positive effect on tax burden at 1% significant level. Based on the findings, the article recommends that Vietnam continues to seek positive solutions to enhance the economic growth rate, reducing tax revenue through the transfer of some socio-economic development tasks to the private sector which may be undertaken, strongly equitizing state-owned enterprises, retaining a number of businesses with economy regulatory function and social security.

Airbnb and hotels: friends, enemies or frenemies?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald Mhlanga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Triple Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the intricate relationship between the flagship of the sharing economy, Airbnb and hotel revenue per available room (RevPAR) in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach To identify the impact of Airbnb on hotel RevPAR, the paper used a triple difference-in-differences framework that compares changes in cities in South Africa where Airbnb started operating relative to areas without Airbnb. A total of 569 hotels were analysed. Findings While the study finds no evidence of adverse impacts of Airbnb on hotel RevPAR, the findings show that the entry of Airbnb led to a decrease in RevPAR of budget hotels. However, its impact is more pronounced during periods of peak demand, consequently, disrupting the pricing power of hotels. Research limitations/implications The research was based on the impact of Airbnb on hotel RevPAR in hotels situated in specific cities in South Africa. Caution is therefore required when generalising the findings of this study to other hotels in other geographic areas. Moreover, if a longer time series data set of hotels in the post-Airbnb time period could become available, it would be interesting to further investigate the time-varying dynamic effects of Airbnb on hotel RevPAR. However, the findings underscore the notion that innovations are not intrinsically disruptive but only relative to another product. In so doing, the study adds to the limited body of work in the field on disruptive innovation and to the academic discourse on innovation in tourism more broadly. Practical implications First, the findings suggest the impact on hotels tends towards Airbnb generally playing a largely complementary role rather than a diversionary one. However, to increase RevPAR, hotels should systematically change their pricing models to account for flexible capacity by rethinking the wisdom of seasonal pricing and reduce prices during peak seasons to avoid inviting more competition from Airbnb. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to explore the relationship between Airbnb and hotel markets using a triple difference methodology.

RURAL INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A TIME-SERIES EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN (1981-2010)

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Rao Ishtiaq Ahmad ◽  
Shahnawaz Malik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

Main purpose of this study is to find out the role of rural infrastructural development on economic growth of Pakistan. It has been hypothesized that rural infrastructural development has significant positive role for enhancement of economic growth. For the purpose of investigation we utilize such a model which may reflect the steady-state equilibrium differences in a Barro-type framework consisting of Solow type sets of variables and allow conditional convergence. On the basis of time series data set of Pakistan from 1981 to 2010, we employ OLS methodology so as to measure the impact of rural infrastructural development on economic growth of Pakistan. In view of limitations regarding categorization of data on regional basis, we use developmental public expenditures in rural areas as a proxy for rural infrastructural development. After analysis, we are of the view that rural infrastructural development has a positive role for economic growth of Pakistan, however, its role has found to be less significant in comparison to capital and labour as determinants of economic growth.

Oil Revenues and Export Earnings Instability: The Evidence from Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Parviz Asheghian
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Price Variability ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Earnings Instability ◽  
The Impact

As a member of OPEC, Iran is a nation that is dependent on petrodollars. More specifically, roughly 80 percent of total export earnings in Iran are generated from oil revenue. This in fact is one of the attributes of many developing countries in that their exports are concentrated in either one or a small number of primary products that contribute to the bulk of their foreign exchange revenues. Export instability occurs because export earnings tend to fluctuate annually to a greater extent for developing countries than for advanced countries. The factors that give rise to export instability can be classified as price variability and a high degree of commodity concentration. To date, no study has examined the impact of export instability in the highly oil-dependent Iran. This study develops a model and employs a forty-year annual time series data set to estimate the impact of commodity concentration and price variability in Iran. The estimation results obtained from the time-series model developed in this study does not support the conventional argument, regarding the positive correlation between commodity concentration and export instability. It also shows that fluctuations in petroleum export revenues have significant impact on total export earnings instability in Iran.

scholarly journals AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PERCEPTIONS OF AMMAN STOCK EXCHANGE’S INVESTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sami Ali
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Market Fundamentals ◽  
The Impact

Research problem: Although the economy of Jordan witnessed dramatic volatilities and fundamental variables including market-to-book value ratio and interest rate are located at the middle of these variations; there is a lack in literature regarding the impacts of market fundamentals and dividends policies in investors’ perceptions, as captured by the performance of Amman stock exchange. Research objectives: Thus, due to the power of these variables to impact investment decisions, this research aimed at scrutinizing the long and short-run causalities, which are running from market fundamentals, dividends policies, and the 2008/11 financial crisis towards investors’ perceptions. Research methodology: To accomplish the core aim of this research, empirical techniques like Augmented Dickey Fuller, Johansen Co-integration, the single equation of the error correction model “ECM” and the Wald test are mainly utilized to analyze a time series data set covering the period Jan/1990–Dec/2017. Results and future recommendations: Consequently, results from ECM confirmed that the study’s variables are not integrated over the long-run. Alternatively, findings from the Wald test approved that investors’ perceptions as captured by the market’s performance are statistically related to market fundamentals, dividends policies and the recent financial crisis. Therefore, the study concluded that ASE’s investors adopt the view of Gordon (1962) and Lintner (1962) during the short-run. However, the study recommends further researchers to follow the study’s models to investigate the other variables, which are impacting investors’ perceptions, as well as examining the impact of financial crises in the decisions of dividends’ policies.

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