scholarly journals Reflections on the Less Visible and Less Measured: Gender and COVID-19 in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110012
Author(s):  
Bina Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
The Many

The gender effects of COVID-19 are complex, and extend much beyond the issues of care work and domestic violence that have captured global attention. Some effects have been immediate, such as job losses, food shortages, and enhanced domestic work burdens; others will emerge in time, such as the depletion of savings and assets and pandemic-related widowhood, which would make recovery difficult. I use examples from India to outline the complexity of such outcomes, the limitations of the many telephone surveys conducted during the pandemic, and the importance of anticipating both the immediate and the sequential effects. We can anticipate these effects by drawing on our knowledge of preexisting gender inequalities and people’s coping strategies under crises, as well as real-time media alerts. Prior conceptualization can help us design better surveys for capturing both the visible and less visible impact of the pandemic, as well as formulate more effective policies for mitigating the adverse effects. I also highlight the advantages of group-based approaches for protecting women’s livelihoods during such crises, and emphasize the need to create a synergy between feminist theory, evidence gathering, and policy formulation.

scholarly journals Evidence-gathering in police interviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Investigative Interviewing ◽  
Police Interviews ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
Police Interrogations ◽  
The Many

Abstract In this paper I discuss the many complexities that police officers have to deal with in their communication with suspects. Investigative interviewing is a very complex communicative situation in itself, with a number of different psychological and sociological variables at play during each interview. In addition, suspect interviews bring about an additional dimension of complexity, which is driven by the fact that a basic principle of conversation, cooperation (Grice 1975) is often not respected and is sometimes severely and purposefully violated, for example when suspects are guilty and want to obscure that very fact or when they believe that their situation would worsen if they cooperated with the police. A further layer of complexity is added when the interviews are carried out via an interpreter, where the fact that the officer and the suspect speak different languages during the interview creates additional barriers to straightforward communication. In the present paper, I identify a number of points at which communication difficulties are encountered in this highly sensitive legal context. For this purpose, I analyse authentic interview datasets provided by two UK police constabularies, and also make comparisons with examples from transcripts of authentic US police interrogations. In addition, I highlight the issues that arise when professional interpretation is not available and when bilingual police officers assume the dual role of investigator-interpreter. Finally, I suggest possible solutions that can help remove the hurdles standing in the way of efficient and accurate gathering of communication evidence.

Women-Friendly Working Environment in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Tania Haque
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Unpaid Care

Work is typically divided along gender lines with men being responsible for paid work and women for unpaid care work. There is a negative correlation between income and level of gender inequalities in unpaid care work. Income can give certain level of independence but reinforces new kinds of dependence and subordination of women in our society in Bangladesh. If women wish to begin their paid work, it means ideologically they want extra jobs and they have to willingly undertake this double burden of household and professional work. The study claims that there is a need of gender responsive rebalancing policies to ensure women friendly working environment to ensure actual empowerment of women in Bangladesh.

Women-Friendly Working Environment in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 994-1010
Author(s):  
Tania Haque
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Unpaid Care

Work is typically divided along gender lines with men being responsible for paid work and women for unpaid care work. There is a negative correlation between income and level of gender inequalities in unpaid care work. Income can give certain level of independence but reinforces new kinds of dependence and subordination of women in our society in Bangladesh. If women wish to begin their paid work, it means ideologically they want extra jobs and they have to willingly undertake this double burden of household and professional work. The study claims that there is a need of gender responsive rebalancing policies to ensure women friendly working environment to ensure actual empowerment of women in Bangladesh.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joan E. Taylor ◽  
Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Positive Goal ◽  
The Many ◽  
Unpublished Research ◽  
Christian History

This authoritative volume brings together the latest thinking on women’s leadership in early Christianity. Featuring contributions from key thinkers in the fields of Christian history, the volume considers the evidence for ways in which women exercised leadership in churches from the first to the ninth centuries CE. This rich and diverse collection breaks new ground in the study of women in early Christianity. This is not about working with one method, based on one type of feminist theory, but overall there is nevertheless a feminist or egalitarian agenda in considering the full equality of women with men in religious spheres a positive goal, with the assumption that this full equality has yet to be attained. The chapters revisit both older studies and offer new and unpublished research, exploring the many ways in which ancient Christian women’s leadership could function.

scholarly journals Donne al lavoro in Italia tra parità formale e disparità sostanziale

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Toffanin
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Full Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
The Welfare State

The contribution aims to articulate in critical terms the condition of women in Italy, in light of the recent transformations that have affected the welfare state and labour market. In particular, the attention has been paid to the more hidden aspects of the recent reforms implemented by Italian governments, concerning the relation between care work and social and material changes. The casualization of labour among young women is producing a postponement of the reproductive choices while among older ones, especially the unskilled ones, it is producing a returning as a full-time housewives, with all the implications that this dynamic has in terms of loss of emancipation and autonomy. For many women the impossibility to balance work and personal life is leading to their exclusion from the labour market. The reflections developed in this paper aim to highlight the process of invisibilization that continues to mark the reproductive work and the consequences that this process has on the reproduction of class and gender inequalities.

scholarly journals Social Care and Gender: Who Cares for Dependent Adults in Spain?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Violeta De Vera ◽  
Daniel Ondé ◽  
Martín Martín-González
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Object Of Study

Care work encompasses a series of tasks of distinct social and economic importance; however, it has not been a traditional object of study in Economics. The main objective of this article is to analyze the factors that intervene in informal care work in Spain. To approach this, an econometric analysis will be conducted using the National Health Survey (ENS as its Spanish acronym) carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) of Spain. The results show that, in Spain, dependent adults do not receive the institutional support they need to perform basic daily activities. In fact, practically all of the care they receive is informal. This article will demonstrate that, within the household, women are responsible for informal care work whenever a family member is in need of such services. Our research shows that this is a consistent pattern regardless of the carer’s personal characteristics and level of education as well as the characteristics of the dependent adult living in the household. These findings reveal the necessity of reorienting public policies in order to help reduce gender inequalities caused by this socio-economic reality.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Schissler ◽  
George Washko ◽  
Carolyn E. Come
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Many

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. This edition reviews the epidemiology and etiologies of COPD, including the gender effects, racial differences, and more recently identified genetic factors associated with this condition. It details the many pathogenetic mechanisms thought to be associated with this disease state, such as increased airway inflammation and turnover of extracellular matrix. There is a detailed discussion about diagnosis, classification, and the therapeutic options available for both stable disease and acute exacerbations. The recent evidence supporting various treatments, such as vaccinations, inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, oral corticosteroids, antibiotics, supplemental oxygen, pulmonary rehabilitation, and surgery, is reviewed in depth. There is further evaluation of experimental approaches, such as bronchoscopic lung reduction procedures and the use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for hypercapnic respiratory failure. The many complications associated with COPD are described, acknowledging that evidence continues to suggest that COPD has a significant systemic component associated with increased rates of psychiatric illness, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and skeletal muscle dysfunction along with lung cancer. Overall this text serves as an excellent evidence-based guide to better understand, diagnose, and manage COPD and its array of associated complications. Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD complications, COPD diagnosis, COPD management, COPD pathophysiology, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 4 tables, and 239 references.

Patterns of Women's Leadership in Early Christianity

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Positive Goal ◽  
The Many ◽  
Unpublished Research ◽  
Christian History

This authoritative volume brings together the latest thinking on women’s leadership in early Christianity. Featuring contributors from key scholars in the fields of Christian history, the volume considers the evidence for ways in which women exercised leadership in churches from the first to the ninth centuries CE. This rich and diverse collection breaks new ground in the study of women in early Christianity. This is not about working with one method, based on one type of feminist theory, but overall there is nevertheless a feminist or egalitarian agenda in considering the full equality of women with men in religious spheres a positive goal, with the assumption that this full equality has yet to be attained. The chapters revisit both older studies and offer new and unpublished research, exploring the many ways in which ancient Christian women’s leadership could function.

scholarly journals Care, Gender, and Change in the Study of Sustainable Consumption: A Critical Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Godin ◽  
Justine Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Sustainable Lifestyles ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Site

In Western countries, moving toward more sustainable lifestyles often involves the disruption of well-established routines and habits in relation to consumption domains such as food, washing and cleaning, heating and cooling, transportation, and managing “stuff” more generally. These activities are deeply embedded in our everyday lives and often tied to care, which is the work invested in maintaining the well-being of oneself and others. In this paper, we are interested in the ways sustainable consumption and care interlock within the household, how they relate to gender inequalities, and how change toward more sustainable lifestyles can both impact and be impacted by these inequalities. With this in mind, we conducted a critical review of the academic literature by analyzing a corpus of 75 papers on household consumption and sustainability, paying particular attention to the role authors attribute to care and gender. The analysis shines light on the relational character of care and consumption, emphasizing the ways sustainable consumption is dependent on relationships within and outside the home. We suggest that care often acts as a barrier to the establishment of more sustainable consumption practice. Care work, per definition, upholds routines and habits while mobilizing the very resources that are needed to transform them. This insight invites us to rethink the role of households as a site for change. We suggest that the transition toward more sustainable consumption practices within the home relies on reducing and redistributing care work, transforming the world of work, and actively promoting an ethos of care that includes people, other beings, the material world and the planet.

scholarly journals EDUCAÇÃO, DEMOCRACIA E DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL: das concepções aos aprendizados

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloirmar José da Silva ◽  
Edna Gusmão de Goés Brennand ◽  
Maria Da Luz Olegário
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Pedagogical Treatment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Methodological Strategy

Este artigo analisa os principais aprendizados que o componente curricular Educação e Diversidade Cultural possibilitou aos estudantes do 3º Período do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, sobretudo no que diz respeito às concepções de gênero e sexualidade. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi a abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva. O material empírico foi produzido a partir de relatos extraídos da avaliação final realizada pelos estudantes. Os resultados evidenciaram como aprendizados a desconstrução de uma visão biologicista de gênero e de visões religiosas que naturalizam e essencializam as desigualdades de gênero. Quanto a sexualidade, os aprendizados incluem os muitos modos de vivê-la, o seu caráter transitório, a não identificação de gênero com comportamento sexual e a quebra de preconceitos em torno das identidades sexuais não hétero. De modo geral, os conteúdos estudados e debatidos em sala de aula foram reconhecidos como pertinentes ao universo escolar  e  cruciais ao processo educativo, ao trato pedagógico das diversidades e ao aprofundamento da democracia.Palavras-chave: Educação. Democracia. Diversidade Cultural.EDUCATION, DEMOCRACY AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY: from conceptions to learningAbstractThis article analyzes the main learning that the curricular component Education and Cultural Diversity made possible to the students of the 3rd Pedagogy Period Degree of Paraíba Federal University, especially with regard to conceptions of gender and sexuality. The methodological strategy used was the qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach. The empirical material was produced from reports extracted from the final evaluation carried out by the students. The results evidenced the deconstruction of a biologicist view of gender and religious views that naturalize and essentialise gender inequalities. For the sexuality, learning includes the many ways of living it, its transitory character, the non-identification of gender with sexual behavior and the breaking of prejudices around non-heterosexual sexual identities. In general, the contents studied and debated in the classroom were recognized as pertinent to the school universe and crucial to the educational process, the pedagogical treatment of diversity and the deepening of democracy.Keywords: Education. Democracy. Cultural Diversity. EDUCACIÓN, DEMOCRACIA Y DIVERSIDAD CULTURAL: de las concepciones a los aprendizajesResumen Este artículo analiza los principales aprendizajes que el componente curricular Educación y Diversidad Cultural posibilitó a los estudiantes del 3º Período del Curso de Licenciatura en Pedagogía, de la Universidad Federal de Paraíba, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a las concepciones de género y sexualidad. La estrategia metodológica utilizada fue el enfoque cualitativo, del tipo exploratorio y descriptivo. El material empírico fue producido a partir de relatos extraídos de la evaluación final realizada por los estudiantes. Los resultados evidenciaron como aprendidos la deconstrucción de una visión biologicista de género y de visiones religiosas que naturalizan y esencializan las desigualdades de género. En cuanto a la sexualidad, los aprendizajes incluyen los muchos modos de vivirla, su carácter transitorio, la no identificación de género con comportamiento sexual y la quiebra de prejuicios en torno a las identidades sexuales no hetero. En general, los contenidos estudiados y debatidos en el aula fueron reconocidos como pertinentes al universo escolar y cruciales al proceso educativo, al trato pedagógico de las diversidades ya la profundización de la democraciaPalabras clave: Educación. Democracia. Diversidad cultural. 

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