Symposium on the Theory of Technology Enactment in Jane Fountain's (2001)Building the Virtual State

This chapter focuses on the use of information technology (IT) in government and its possible impacton governance, particularly in terms of addressing the equity concerns of meeting the basic needs of regional subpopulations. In Building the Virtual State, Jane Fountain develops her theory of technology enactment (in essence, a variety of bureaucratic behaviors reacting to IT) and then applies that framework in three case studies in the book. This inquiry examines government IT enactment in various global settings to assess (1) where and how enactment occurs and (2) what, if any, effect enactment has upon governance in particular settings. The first section traces relationships between a nation’s IT development policy and that technology’s potential to promote equity in that society. The next two sections report (respectively) on the study and observations that emerge. A brief case study about the Gyandoot, an intranet system in rural India, examines the reality of e-government as a means to promote social equality. A concluding discussion reviews those observations as they relate to the human initiative in efforts to harness information technology to achieve public goals, especially those intended to improve social wellbeing in poor societies.

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Virtual-State Internal Nuclear Fusion in Metal Lattices

Fusion Technology ◽

10.13182/fst89-a29152 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 231-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert W. Bussard

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Fusion ◽

Virtual State

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Formation of Elements and Compounds in Space in Early Universe

Applied Physics Research ◽

10.5539/apr.v8n6p86 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Abdul L. Bhuiyan

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

High Temperature ◽

Early Universe ◽

High Speed ◽

Virtual State ◽

Speed Of Light ◽

Electron Positron ◽

Living Organisms ◽

The Universe

<p class="1Body">At the end of the period of contraction of the universe, all objects transform into gravity particles such as photons and electron- positron pairs which exist in virtual state in spacetime at an extremely high temperature. These particles move with extremely high speed comparable to the speed of light. As the early universe starts cooling, the speed of the particles starts to decrease when photons and electron- positron pairs move out of spacetime and appear as real particles. As the temperature continues to fall due to cooling, the electron- positron pairs start forming quarks (u and d) while simultaneously the energy of photons transform into dark matter. The u quarks and d quarks then continue to form nuclei of different elements including radio elements. Simultaneously, the lighter elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, etc. form the precursors to DNAs and RNAs of living organisms.</p>

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Forging Civic and Democratic Governance From Below Through Virtual State and Communities

Civic Engagement Frameworks and Strategic Leadership Practices for Organization Development - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2372-8.ch004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 67-95

Author(s):

Ndwakhulu Stephen Tshishonga

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Case Studies ◽

Virtual Teams ◽

Democratic Governance ◽

Democratic Citizenship ◽

Virtual State ◽

Holistic Understanding ◽

The Government ◽

Performance Teams ◽

Monitoring Performance

The demand for accountable and transparent government in post-apartheid is apparent as citizens and social movements are up in arms exercising their democratic citizenship for democratic governance. By employing effective communication, sharing tasks, planning together, and monitoring performance, teams are able to achieve their goals. The advantage of adopting a virtual state and teams is that the usage of technology to mediate virtual teams allows organisations to reduce costs (human and non-human resources), especially for international virtual teams. This chapter argues that without a holistic understanding of how the government works, the existing participatory mechanisms such as the constituency offices and ward committees would not yield the desired outcomes and impact. The chapter made use of case studies of communities of practice to unpack the concept of a virtual state and communities.

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