The Six Dimensions of Wellness and Cognition in Aging Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley Ann Strout ◽  
Elizabeth P. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Six Dimensions ◽  
Future Of Nursing ◽  
Aging Adults

Objective: Examine how wellness in six dimensions (occupational, social, intellectual, physical, emotional, and spiritual) protects cognition in aging adults. Background: cognitive impairment increases with age. Baby boomers represent a significant percent of the population at risk for cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment has a negative impact on nursing resources, health care finances, patient mortality, and quality of life. Wellness and prevention is one focus of Institute of Medicine’s vision for the future of nursing. Method: Literature was retrieved from Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and MEDLINE. Research that examined the affect of wellness in each of the six dimensions on cognition in older adults was included. Results: One or more of the following may protect cognition in aging: midlife occupation complexity, marriage, social networks, formal education, intellectual activities, physical activity, healthy nutrition, motivational ability, purpose in life, and spirituality. Conclusion: Wellness in one or more of the six dimensions may protect cognition in aging. The cognitive protective benefits may increase when wellness in more than one dimension is demonstrated. High wellness in one dimension may protect cognition by compensating for low wellness in another dimension. The interconnectedness of each of the dimensions signifies the importance of evaluating older adults holistically. Wellness throughout the life span may result in improved cognition in aging. Application: Future research is needed to examine the relationship between the six dimensions of wellness and cognition, and to determine if one dimension of wellness is a significant predictor of cognitive health in aging adults.

scholarly journals Detecting Cognitive Impairment Status Using Keystroke Patterns and Physical Activity Data among the Older Adults: A Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nahid Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Helal Uddin ◽  
K. Thapa ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Zubaer ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Feature Selection Technique ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Machine Learning Model

Cognitive impairment has a significantly negative impact on global healthcare and the community. Holding a person’s cognition and mental retention among older adults is improbable with aging. Early detection of cognitive impairment will decline the most significant impact of extended disease to permanent mental damage. This paper aims to develop a machine learning model to detect and differentiate cognitive impairment categories like severe, moderate, mild, and normal by analyzing neurophysical and physical data. Keystroke and smartwatch have been used to extract individuals’ neurophysical and physical data, respectively. An advanced ensemble learning algorithm named Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) is proposed to classify the cognitive severity level (absence, mild, moderate, and severe) based on the Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) questionnaire scores. The statistical method “Pearson’s correlation” and the wrapper feature selection technique have been used to analyze and select the best features. Then, we have conducted our proposed algorithm GBM on those features. And the result has shown an accuracy of more than 94%. This paper has added a new dimension to the state-of-the-art to predict cognitive impairment by implementing neurophysical data and physical data together.

scholarly journals Nonimmersive Brain Gaming for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. e764-e781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Sood ◽  
Sandra L Kletzel ◽  
Shilpa Krishnan ◽  
Hannes Devos ◽  
Ahmed Negm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background Technological advances have allowed a variety of computerized cognitive training tools to be engineered in ways that are fun and entertaining yet challenging at a level that can maintain motivation and engagement. This revolution has created an opportunity for gerontological scientists to evaluate brain gaming approaches to improve cognitive and everyday function. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide a critical overview of the existing literature on nonimmersive, electronic brain gaming interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Research Design and Methods Systematic search was conducted using 7 electronic databases from inception through July 2017. A comprehensive 2-level eligibility process was used to identify studies for inclusion based on PRISMA guidelines. Results Seventeen studies met eligibility criteria. Majority of the studies were randomized controlled trials (n = 13) and incorporated an active control (n = 9). Intervention doses ranged from 4 to 24 weeks in duration with an average of 8.4 (±5.1 standard deviation [SD]) weeks. Session durations ranged from 30 to 100 min with an average of 54 (±25 SD) minutes. Nearly half of studies included a follow-up, ranging from 3 months to 5 years (n = 8). For most studies, brain gaming improved at least one cognitive outcome (n = 12); only one study reported improvement in activities of daily living. Discussion and Implications This scoping review conveys the breadth of an emerging research field, which will help guide future research to develop standards and recommendations for brain gaming interventions which are currently lacking.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG SENIOR AMERICANS: TRENDS AND DIFFERENCES BY RACE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S650-S650
Author(s):  
Keqing Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Past Century

Abstract Improvements in health and increase in life expectancy have contributed to the increasing proportion of older population over the past century. It is estimated that by 2050, the number of older adults with cognitive impairments in the United States will increase by 2.5-4 fold, while age-specific rates remain constant. This paper uses data from 10 waves (1996-2014) of the Health and Retirement Study (N= 33213) to crystalize the trends in cognitive function changes and cognitive impairment rates in a nationally representative sample of older adults. OLS and logistic regressions are used to estimate the trends and determine the contribution of sociodemographic variables to decreasing trends in the prevalence of cognitive impairment over time. Results show that with the increase of age, the cognitive function of older adults decline in all races, after adjustment for age, gender, education, and other sociodemographic factors. Also, the annual decline rate of cognitive function is larger for African Americans and Hispanic Americans, while smaller for white and other races. A further investigation of the possibility of cognitive impairment reveals a different scenario: as individual ages, the Hispanic are the least likely to suffer from cognitive impairment, followed by the white, other and black. Improvements in educational level contribute to declines in cognitive impairment across all races, particular the Hispanic Americans. Race-specific findings suggest that future research need to take into account the racial diversity and possibly cultural influences when examining the cognitive functions of older adults.

scholarly journals Using a cognitive orthosis to support older adults during meal preparation: Clinicians’ perspective on COOK technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205566832090907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Yaddaden ◽  
Mélanie Couture ◽  
Mireille Gagnon-Roy ◽  
Patricia Belchior ◽  
Maxime Lussier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Meal Preparation ◽  
Functional Profiles

Introduction Occupational therapists promote safety and autonomy of older adults with cognitive impairments. A technology, named COOK, offers support on a touch screen installed next to the stove to support task performance while correcting risky behaviors. We aimed to document (1) the functional profiles according the diagnosis (2) the types of interventions used to increase autonomy in the kitchen (3) the facilitators and obstacles to the implementation of COOK with this clientele. Methods Four focus groups were conducted with occupational therapists ( n = 24) and were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis, including coding and matrix building. Results Occupational therapists identified different (1) functional profiles and (2) interventions for both diagnoses. The use of COOK (3) could be more beneficial in mild cognitive impairment, as many barriers occur for the use in Alzheimer’s disease. Some parameters, such as digital control of the stove and complex information management, need to be simplified. Discussion According to occupational therapists, this technology is particularly applicable to people with mild cognitive impairment, because this population has better learning abilities. Conclusion This study documented the specific needs of older adults with cognitive impairments as well as interventions used by occupational therapists. The perspectives of caregivers should be captured in future research.

scholarly journals Privacy Concerns Among Older Adults Using Voice Assistant Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Tiffany Driesse ◽  
Robert Roth ◽  
Xiaohui Liang ◽  
David Kotz ◽  
John Batsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Assistant Systems ◽  
Software Platforms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ambulatory Practice

Abstract Voice Assistant Systems (VAS) are software platforms that complete various tasks using voice commands (e.g., Amazon Alexa), with increasing usage by older adults. It is unknown whether older adults have significant privacy concerns with VAS. 55 participants were evaluated from ambulatory practice sites for a study on VAS detection of early cognitive decline. The mean age was 73.3±5.6 years, 58% female, 93% white, and 53% had mild cognitive impairment. Privacy concerns were assessed via Likert-based surveys. Participants believed data was used with consent (71%) and stored properly (67%); however, 71% wanted new privacy regulations, 43% were comfortable with daily activity monitoring, and 85% thought the data needs to be highly protected. Qualitative themes included “listening-in”, “tracking”, and unwanted sharing of information. Findings suggest that older adults do not have significant privacy concerns for VAS use, but requested additional regulations. Future research can compare VAS privacy concerns between age groups.

scholarly journals Frequency of and risk factors for potentially inappropriate medication use in Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-792
Author(s):  
Danielle S Abraham ◽  
Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen ◽  
Sean Hennessy ◽  
Daniel Weintraub ◽  
Shelly L Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background impairments in neurotransmitter pathways put Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients at risk for drug–disease interactions and adverse medication events. Objective to determine the prevalence and risk factors for potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescriptions, as defined by the 2015 Beers List, in PD. Methods cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 2014 Medicare beneficiaries with PD who had parts A, B and D coverage. The prevalence of PIM prescriptions for older adults was determined overall, and specifically for medications that can exacerbate motor symptoms or cognitive impairment in PD. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine the association between age, sex, race, geography and poverty with PIM prescriptions. Results the final sample included 458,086 beneficiaries. In 2014, 35.8% of beneficiaries with PD filled a prescription for at least one PIM for older adults. In total, 8.7% of beneficiaries received a PIM that could exacerbate motor symptoms and 29.0% received a PIM that could worsen cognitive impairment. After adjustment, in all models, beneficiaries who were younger, female, white, urban-dwelling and eligible for Medicaid benefits were more likely to receive a PIM. Conclusion PIM prescriptions are not uncommon in PD, particularly for medications that can exacerbate cognitive impairment. Future research will examine underlying drivers of sex and other disparities in PIM prescribing. Additional studies are needed to understand the impact of PIMs on disease symptoms, healthcare utilisation and patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Distance Assessment for Detecting Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Davina Binng ◽  
Moriah Splonskowski ◽  
Claudia Jacova
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Reliability Data ◽  
Validity Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Distance or remote cognitive assessments, administered via phone or computer platforms, have emerged as possible alternatives to traditional assessments performed during office visits. Distance refers to any nontraditional assessment feature, not only or necessarily location. We conducted a systematic review to examine the psychometric soundness of these approaches. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, AgeLine, and Academic Search Premier for articles published between January 2008 and June 2020. Studies were included if participants were over the age of 50, a structured assessment of cognitive function in older adults was evaluated, the assessment method was deemed distant, and validity and/or reliability data were reported. Assessment distance was defined as having any of the following features: use of an electronic test interface, nonroutine test location (e.g., home), test self-administered, and test unsupervised. Distance was categorized as low, intermediate, or high. <b><i>Results/Discussion:</i></b> Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from <i>n</i> = 8 to 8,627, and the mean age ranged from 57 to 83. Assessments included screens, brief or full batteries, and were performed via videoconferencing, phone, smartphone, or tablet/computer. Ten studies reported on low distance, 11 on intermediate distance, and 5 studies for high distance assessments. Invalid performance data were observed with older age and cognitive impairment. Convergent validity data were reported consistently and suggested a decline with increasing distance: <i>r</i> = 0.52–0.80 for low, 0.49–0.75 for intermediate, and 0.41–0.53 for high distance. Diagnostic validity estimates presented a similar pattern. Reliability data were reported too inconsistently to allow evaluation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The validity of cognitive assessments with older adults appears supported at lower but not higher distance. Less is known about the reliability of such assessments. Future research should delineate the person and procedure boundaries for valid and reliable test results.

scholarly journals AUGMENT: Navigation Apps Instruction for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
Walter Boot ◽  
Sara Czaja ◽  
Wendy Rogers ◽  
Nicholas Gray ◽  
Dorota Kossowska-Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Testing Performance ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Instructional Package

Abstract Augmenting User Geocordinates and Mobility by ENhanced Tutorials (AUGMENT) is a development project in the ENHANCE Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center aiming to promote community engagement for aging adults with cognitive impairment (CI) from stroke, traumatic brain injury, and mild cognitive impairment. AUGMENT aims include 1) providing proof of concept that a robust instructional package can support successful use of existing, complex navigation apps, Google maps and rideshare app Uber, by a diverse set of people with CI; and 2) providing proof of product by testing performance with and without instruction. We discuss the needs assessment phase and development of new tests to assess wayfinding abilities and reported difficulties with navigation, using a control sample of 384 community-dwelling older adults. We found that self-reported navigation difficulties are predicted (R-square = .28) by gender, a spatial orientation test, self-reported memory ability, and severity of memory difficulty.

Feasibility and Acceptance of Telerehabilitation among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Cognitive Frailty: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah Md Fadzil ◽  
Suzana Sahar ◽  
Roslee Rajikan ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽  
Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Database

BACKGROUND Older adults are vulnerable towards cognitive frailty that can lead to adverse health outcomes such as cognitive frailty, falls, disabilities, hospitalizations and increased morbidity. With advancement of healthcare technology, there is a potential to manage and reverse cognitive frailty among older adults using a multi-domain intervention programme via telerehabilitation. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aimed to identify the feasibility and acceptance towards telerehabilitation and the common technology used for delivering telerehabilitation among older adults with mild cognitive impairment or cognitive frailty. METHODS Five research databases were searched: PubMed (EMBASE), Embase (Science Direct), Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, IEEE Xplore and Scopus. Articles published from January 2015 until October 2020 were selected. A hand search of JMIR Publications journals was also included RESULTS Of the 1758 articles retrieved, six studies were identified that involved implementation of telerehabilitation targeting older adults with cognitive frailty. Two articles were randomized controlled trials, one pilot study and three were qualitative studies. Telerehabilitation can improve quality of life among participants with mild cognitive impairment and cognitive frailty and found to be feasible as supportive digital platform in digital health care. Some types of technologies commonly used in the studies were smartphone or telephone with Internet, television-based assistive integrated technology, mobile application and videoconference. CONCLUSIONS Telerehabilitation utilization in managing cognitive frailty among older adults is still limited and more research is required to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability. Although telerehabilitation appears to be feasible and accepted among older adults with cognitive frailty, some social support in place is required. Future research should focus on evaluation of acceptance and cost effectiveness of multi-domain intervention via telerehabilitation among older adults with cognitive frailty.

Factors That Influence the Occupational Engagement of Older Adults with Low Vision: A Scoping Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen E McGrath ◽  
Debbie Laliberte Rudman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Age Related

Introduction: Prior research has provided occupational therapists with an understanding of the negative impact of low vision on self care, leisure and productivity. In order to guide future low-vision rehabilitation services, an understanding of the factors that influence the occupational engagement of older adults with age-related vision loss (ARVL) is also needed. Method: A scoping review of the literature was conducted in order to identify those factors that have been shown to influence the occupational engagement of older adults with ARVL, and to identify future research needs. Findings: As identified in this scoping review, five types of factors were shown to influence occupational engagement for older adults with ARVL including: demographic variables, emotional components, behavioural components, diagnostic components, and environmental aspects. Conclusion: Although findings pertaining to personal factors can inform practice, few studies explored the influence of environmental factors on occupational engagement. Given that occupation is a result of person-environment transactions, it is important that future research more fully explores environmental influences in order to enable occupational therapists to deliver services that optimize the occupational performance of seniors with ARVL.

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