Surgical Endodontics in Dogs: A Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Hennet ◽  
Nicolas Girard
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Epithelial Rests Of Malassez ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Bacterial Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Surgical endodontic therapy (apical surgery) is a treatment alternative aimed at removing periapical inflammatory tissue followed by apical resection and retro-filling of the root canal. These procedures are performed through a trans-osseous approach. Terminology pertinent to this article include: apical (periapical) curettage – a surgical procedure to remove diseased tissue from the alveolar bone in the apical region of a pulpless tooth; apical cyst – a cyst in bone at the apex of a pulpless tooth. It is believed that such cysts arise after the death of the pulp from noxious physical, chemical, or bacterial stimulation of epithelial rests of Malassez; apicoectomy (apical resection) – amputation of the apical portion of the root and removal of soft tissue in the bone; epithelial rests of Malassez – cords, strands, or clusters of ectodermal cells in the periodontal ligament (or sometimes alveolar bone) derived from remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. These cells frequently begin proliferating when inflammation occurs in the periodontal ligament and are believed to be responsible for the genesis of the epithelial lining of apical cysts.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Periodontal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Mikihito Kajiya ◽  
Hidemi Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Periodontal disease, one of the most prevalent human infectious diseases, is characterized by chronic inflammatory tissue destruction of the alveolar bone and the connective tissues supporting the tooth [...]

scholarly journals Osteoclastic effects of mBMMSCs under compressive pressure during orthodontic tooth movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Delong Jiao ◽  
Xiaofeng Huang ◽  
Yuxing Bai
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Tail Vein

Abstract Background During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), alveolar bone remodelling is closely related to mechanical force. It is unclear whether stem cells can affect osteoclastogenesis to promote OTM. This study aimed to investigate the role of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs) under compression load in OTM. Methods A mouse OTM model was established, and GFP-labelled mBMMSCs and normal saline were injected into different groups of mice by tail vein injection. OTM distance was measured using tissue specimens and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The locations of mBMMSCs were traced using GFP immunohistochemistry. Haematoxylin-eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry of Runx2 and lipoprotein lipase were used to assess changes in the periodontal ligament during OTM. mBMMSCs under compression were co-cultured with mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMMs), and the gene expression levels of Rankl, Mmp-9, TRAP, Ctsk, Alp, Runx2, Ocn and Osterix were determined by RT-PCR. Results Ten days after mBMMSCs were injected into the tail vein of mice, the OTM distance increased from 176 (normal saline) to 298.4 μm, as determined by tissue specimen observation, and 174.2 to 302.6 μm, as determined by micro-CT metrological analysis. GFP-labelled mBMMSCs were mostly located on the compressed side of the periodontal ligament. Compared to the saline group, the number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone increased significantly (P < 0.01) on the compressed side in the mBMMSC group. Three days after mBMMSC injection, the number of Runx2-GFP double-positive cells on the tension side was significantly higher than that on the compression side. After applying compressive force on the mBMMSCs in vitro for 2 days, RANKL expression was significantly higher than in the non-compression cells, but expression of Alp, Runx2, Ocn and Osterix was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The numbers of osteoclasts differentiated in response to mBMMs co-cultured with mBMMSCs under pressure load and expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes (Mmp-9, TRAP and Ctsk) were significantly higher than those in mBMMs stimulated by M-CSF alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions mBMMSCs are not only recruited to the compressed side of the periodontal ligament but can also promote osteoclastogenesis by expressing Rankl, improving the efficiency of OTM.

Bullet for periodontal disease in future: Chemically modified tetracyclines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shivani Sachdeva ◽  
Ameet Mani ◽  
Harish Saluja
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gastrointestinal Toxicity ◽  
Collagenolytic Activity ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Chemically Modified Tetracyclines

Chronic periodontitis is nowadays popularly regarded as Dysbiosis, [1] which causes destruction of tissues rich in collagen like periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingival connective tissue. The oral biofilm comprises many periodontal pathogens better regarded as ‘triggers’ in causing chronic periodontitis. Since, not everyone will be affected in the same manner due to periodontal pathogens. Some might not elicit a host response while, the others might have exaggerated response. So, host modulation therapy came into existence to counteract the exaggerated host response. The chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) have emerged to inhibit the inflammatory response or to reduce the collagenolytic activity of host. Though a derivative of tetracyclines, it still lacks an antimicrobial action and hence, can be used for periodontitis for longer duration with no adverse effects of gastrointestinal toxicity which parent tetracyclines have.

scholarly journals Treatment of perforated canals: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Bonita Doley ◽  
Pradeep Sharma ◽  
Mohammed Zuhaib
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Radiographic Technique ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Dental Professionals

The present work introduces the clinical case report of a 32-year-old male patient who sought the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore with complaint of pain in the second upper left premolar. At the clinical examination, the tooth presented caries in the distal region, sensitivity to cold water and slight symptomatology to percussion. Radiographically the tooth presented a deep carious with pulp envelopment and thickening of the periodontal ligament in the apical region. During the opening of endodontic access a perforation occurred in the mesial region due to the incorrect direction of the drill. The perforation site was gently dried with hemostatic agent and then GIC was placed condensing along the perforation walls. Once this was done, root canal treatment was continued and the root canal was obturated to assess the attitude and practice of dental professionals towards using of advance radiographic technique.

scholarly journals Autotransplantation of Premolars and Esthetic Rehabilitation in a Traumatized Teenage Patient with Challenging Oral Problems: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Junhee Kho ◽  
Howon Park ◽  
Juhyun Lee ◽  
Hyunwoo Seo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Minimal Resistance ◽  
Patients With Poor Prognosis ◽  
Viable Treatment

The loosely structured periodontal ligament and low mineralized bone surrounding erupting teeth provide minimal resistance to an extrusive force. The maxillary central incisors are the most frequently avulsed due to trauma. The prognosis of replanted teeth is affected by extra-alveolar period and conditions. Implant-supported restorations are contraindicated in adolescent patients with poor prognosis traumatized teeth. Autotransplantation of premolar to the anterior region provides a viable treatment alternative.<br/>This case report describes the autotransplantation of premolars and esthetic rehabilitation in a teenage patient with traumatized incisors, poor oral hygiene, and severe crowding. Comprehensive and long-term treatments were performed to improve complex and challenging oral problems.

scholarly journals Intrusive Dental Injuries in Children: Manifestations and Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Sarabjot Kaur Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Dental Injuries ◽  
Supporting Structures

ABSTRACT Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in children and young adults. Orofacial trauma that results in fractured, displaced or lost teeth can have signifi cant negative functional, esthetic and psychological effect on child. Intrusive luxation of teeth results in axial impacts on maxillary and mandibular teeth and is considered one of the most severe types of dental trauma because of the risk for damage to the periodontal ligament, pulp and alveolar bone. To correctly diagnose the injury, effi ciently determine the extent of injury to teeth and periodontium and supporting structures and to have a favorable outcome after management requires a systematic approach. How to cite this article Gauba K, Goyal A, Bhatia SK. Intrusive Dental Injuries in Children: Manifestations and Management. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):53-62.

scholarly journals Role of Zinc Transporter ZIP13 in Degenerative Changes in Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayoi Idaira ◽  
Takaaki Munemasa ◽  
Toshiyuki Fukada ◽  
Shinji Shimoda ◽  
Yoshinobu Asada
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Zinc Transporter ◽  
Degenerative Changes

scholarly journals Combination of Root Surface Modification with BMP-2 and Collagen Hydrogel Scaffold Implantation for Periodontal Healing in Beagle Dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Kato ◽  
Hirofumi Miyaji ◽  
Ryosuke Ishizuka ◽  
Keisuke Tokunaga ◽  
Kana Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold ◽  
Collagen Hydrogel ◽  
Periodontal Wound Healing ◽  
Periodontal Attachment

Objective : Biomodification of the root surface plays a major role in periodontal wound healing. Root surface modification with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulates bone and cementum-like tissue formation; however, severe ankylosis is simultaneously observed. Bio-safe collagen hydrogel scaffolds may therefore be useful for supplying periodontal ligament cells and preventing ankylosis. We examined the effects of BMP modification in conjunction with collagen hydrogel scaffold implantation on periodontal wound healing in dogs. Material and Methods: The collagen hydrogel scaffold was composed of type I collagen sponge and collagen hydrogel. One-wall infrabony defects (5 mm in depth, 3 mm in width) were surgically created in six beagle dogs. In the BMP/Col group, BMP-2 was applied to the root surface (loading dose; 1 µg/µl), and the defects were filled with collagen hydrogel scaffold. In the BMP or Col group, BMP-2 coating or scaffold implantation was performed. Histometric parameters were evaluated at 4 weeks after surgery. Results: Single use of BMP stimulated formation of alveolar bone and ankylosis. In contrast, the BMP/Col group frequently enhanced reconstruction of periodontal attachment including cementum-like tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The amount of new periodontal ligament in the BMP/Col group was significantly greater when compared to all other groups. In addition, ankylosis was rarely observed in the BMP/Col group. Conclusion: The combination method using root surface modification with BMP and collagen hydrogel scaffold implantation facilitated the reestablishment of periodontal attachment. BMP-related ankylosis was suppressed by implantation of collagen hydrogel.

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