From Grant Making to Change Making: How the W. K. Kellogg Foundation’s Impact Services Model Evolved to Enhance the Management and Social Effects of Large Initiatives

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 41-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Lake ◽  
Thomas K. Reis ◽  
Jeri Spann
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Change Initiatives ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Impact

During the past decade, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation’s impact services model has evolved to allow program directors managing large, social change initiatives to draw on the expertise of new team members offering crucial support services. These impact services include social marketing and communications, evaluation, public policy, technology, and organizational learning. Expert consultation in other areas may also be sought as needed by the management team. This article traces the evolution of the impact services model, explores the effects of impact services supported program management on both the foundation and its grantees, and offers an account of how the model was applied in the case of Families For Kids, a $42 million initiative aimed at stimulating reform in adoption and foster care systems across the nation.

Attitudes about Educational and Related Service Provision for Students with Deaf-Blindness and Multiple Disabilities

1997 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Giangreco ◽  
Susan W. Edelman ◽  
Stephanie Macfarland ◽  
Tracy Evans Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Supports ◽  
Exemplary Practices ◽  
Related Service

Over the past two decades, exemplary practices regarding support services have been shifting away from specialist-reliant models and toward approaches that rely more on natural supports. This study explored attitudes regarding educational and related service-provision practices from the perspective of professionals and parents ( n = 119) who were educational team members for students with deaf-blindness and multiple disabilities in general education settings. The findings highlight sample respondents' agreements and disagreements with exemplary practices, as well as differences across subgroups and within teams. Analyses suggest some internal inconsistencies regarding important service provision practices, as well as continuing gaps between attitudes and proposed exemplary practices.

Maximizing Autonomy: Reforming Personal Support Laws in Sweden and the United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Herr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Support Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
Personal Assistants ◽  
The Impact

Reforming outmoded systems of guardianship requires that governments assess personal support and related services. U.S. policy-makers and reformers in individual states have begun to question how current guardianship laws may disempower individuals with mental disabilities. This article explores some remarkable legal and public policy innovations in Sweden that replace guardianship with personal support services such as mentors, administrators, “kontakt” persons, and personal assistants. It then examines the impact of Sweden's reforms on the autonomy, independence, and integration of its citizens and discusses possibilities for similar changes worldwide.

scholarly journals When Public Policy Is Guided by Misinformation: A Case Study in the Consequences of Fake News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Keenan ◽  
Karola Dillenburger
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Uk

Since autism was first recognised, prevalence has increased rapidly. The growing economic as well as social cost to society can only be mitigated by effective interventions and supports. It is therefore not surprising that most governments have developed public policy documents to address the management of autism. Over the past 40-50 years, meaningful evidence has accrued showing that interventions based on the scientific discipline of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) can help people with autism reach their potential. In view of this, nearly all of North America has laws to mandate that ABA-based interventions are available through the health care systems. In contrast, across Europe there are no such laws. In fact, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the body guiding health and social policy in the UK, concluded that it could not find any evidence to support ABA, and therefore could not recommend it. This paper addresses the reasons for these diametrically opposed perspectives. In particular, it examines what happens when health and social care policy is misinformed about effective autism intervention.

scholarly journals Hospitalization of mild cases of community-acquired pneumonia decreased more than severe ones during the COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nagano ◽  
Daisuke Takada ◽  
Jung-ho Shin ◽  
Tetsuji Morishita ◽  
Susumu Kunisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Claims Data ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the entire health care systems. Our aim was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the number and severity of cases for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Japan.MethodsUsing claims data from the Quality Indicator/Improvement Project (QIP) database, we included urgent cases of inpatients for CAP from August 1, 2018, to July 30, 2020. We compared the monthly ratio of inpatient cases from August 2018 to July 2019 and August 2019 to July 2020 as a year-over-year comparison. We also compared this ratio according to the severity score “A-DROP” and performed an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the monthly number of inpatient cases.ResultsA total of 67,900 inpatient cases for CAP in 262 hospitals were included. During the COVID-19 epidemic (defined as the period between March and July 2020), the number of inpatient cases for CAP drastically decreased during the epidemic compared with the same period in the past year (−48.1%), despite only a temporary reduction in the number of other urgent admissions. The number of inpatient cases decreased according to the severity of pneumonia. Milder cases showed a greater decrease in the year-over-year ratio than severe ones (mild −55.2%, moderate −45.8%, severe −39.4%, and extremely severe − 33.2%). The ITS analysis showed that the COVID-19 epidemic reduced the monthly number of inpatient cases for CAP significantly (estimated decrease: −1233 cases; 95% CI, −521 to −1955).ConclusionsOur study showed a significant reduction in the number of inpatient cases for CAP during the COVID-19 epidemic in Japan. The milder cases showed a greater decrease in the year-over-year ratio of the number of inpatient cases.

scholarly journals Exploring the experiences of domestic abuse survivors working in the field of domestic abuse support: assisting recovery or re-victimisation revisited?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Beverley Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Women Survivors ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Vicarious Trauma ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Abuse Survivors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice

Women’s domestic abuse support services have developed over the past decades with the inclusion of women surviving abuse as practitioners themselves (Mullender and Hague, 2001; Slattery and Goodman, 2009; Bemiller and Williams, 2011). Following a literature review of this area, women ‘survivor support workers’ or ‘peer support/mentors’ have rarely been given the opportunity to articulate what it is that they are gaining personally and the impact in undertaking this emotionally challenging work. This small-scale study considers the voice of women survivors working in the field of domestic abuse support work, affording them the opportunity to explore the benefits and the costs to them as survivors of domestic abuse when working in this practice area. Twelve women ‘survivor support workers’ from five distinct English organisations took part in this research. Qualitative interviews were then analysed thematically within a feminist paradigm. Findings indicate that there are both highly positive aspects for survivors of abuse working in the domestic abuse sector, and equally, that there are areas of risk where re-victimisation and vicarious trauma could occur.

Export Controls: Marketing Implications of Public Policy Choices

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Scott Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
The Impact

The author contrasts two types of export controls: systematic regulation and economic sanctions. Updated information on the former shows considerable liberalization in the wake of widespread criticism during the past decade. Hypothetical and applied examples suggest that the impact of the two on exporters marketing their products abroad is very different, a difference that would presume a business preference for using systematic controls as the policy tool of choice.

scholarly journals Are coupled file changes suggestions useful?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Ramadani ◽  
Stefan Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
New Members ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Project Documentation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Issue Tracking System ◽  
Important Activity

Background. Software maintenance is an important activity in the process of software engineering where over time maintenance team members leave and new members join. The identification of files being changes together frequently has been proposed several times. Yet, existing studies about these file changes ignore the feedback from developers as well as the impact on the performance of maintenance and rely on the analysis findings and expert evaluation. Methods. We conducted an experiment with the goal to investigate the usefulness of coupled file changes during maintenance tasks when developers are inexperienced in programming or when they are new on the project. Using data mining on software repositories we can identify files that changed most frequently together in the past. We extract coupled file changes from the Git repository of a Java software system and join them with corresponding attributes from the versioning and issue tracking system and the project documentation. We present a controlled experiment involving 36 student participants where we investigate if coupled file change suggestions influence the correctness of the task solutions and the time to complete them. Results. The results show that coupled file change suggestions significantly increase the correctness of the solutions. However, there is only a small effect on the time to complete the tasks. We also derived a set of the most useful attributes based on the developers feedback. Discussion. Coupled file changes and a limited number of the proposed attributes are useful for inexperienced developers working on maintenance tasks whereby although the developers using these suggestions solved more tasks, they still need time to organize and understand and implement this information.

A Vision for Excellence by Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Health ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Care Improvement ◽  
The Impact

Generating evidence for care improvement has characterized my program of research spanning 20 years. Six domains are highlighted to advance the science and practice of critical care nursing in today’s complex health care systems. Employee well-being and taking care of team members are key priorities for successful leaders. Understanding that patient and staff outcomes are inextricably linked strengthens the need for care environments to be healing and holistic for staff and patients. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ Healthy Work Environment framework empowers staff and optimizes the experience for patients, their families, and care teams. Appropriate staffing, guided by contemporary acuity measurement, takes into account the cognitive workload and complexity of nursing. Committing to a culture of certification and ensuring staffing models with appropriately educated and experienced nursing staff will remain important. In the past decade, we have established the impact of these specific nursing characteristics on improved patient outcomes. Understanding the attributes of empathic and empowered teams is requisite for authentic leadership. Interventions to mitigate moral distress are necessary to foster moral resilience among critical care nurses. The challenge for the future will be to support organizational health through the coexistence of highly reliable processes and clinical innovation. Excellence is achieved when systems are designed to support professional practice and clinical teams and environments.

scholarly journals Are coupled file changes suggestions useful?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Ramadani ◽  
Stefan Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
New Members ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Project Documentation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Issue Tracking System ◽  
Important Activity

Background. Software maintenance is an important activity in the process of software engineering where over time maintenance team members leave and new members join. The identification of files being changes together frequently has been proposed several times. Yet, existing studies about these file changes ignore the feedback from developers as well as the impact on the performance of maintenance and rely on the analysis findings and expert evaluation. Methods. We conducted an experiment with the goal to investigate the usefulness of coupled file changes during maintenance tasks when developers are inexperienced in programming or when they are new on the project. Using data mining on software repositories we can identify files that changed most frequently together in the past. We extract coupled file changes from the Git repository of a Java software system and join them with corresponding attributes from the versioning and issue tracking system and the project documentation. We present a controlled experiment involving 36 student participants where we investigate if coupled file change suggestions influence the correctness of the task solutions and the time to complete them. Results. The results show that coupled file change suggestions significantly increase the correctness of the solutions. However, there is only a small effect on the time to complete the tasks. We also derived a set of the most useful attributes based on the developers feedback. Discussion. Coupled file changes and a limited number of the proposed attributes are useful for inexperienced developers working on maintenance tasks whereby although the developers using these suggestions solved more tasks, they still need time to organize and understand and implement this information.

The Impact of Providers on Consumer Satisfaction and Price in Hearing Aid Purchases

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Maronick ◽  
Sandra E. Gleason ◽  
M. Ronald Stiff
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

A consumer mail panel was used to locate persons who had purchased a hearing aid within the past two years in order to determine the relationship between price paid, and overall satisfaction as a function of use by a physician, an audiologist, or a dealer as the provider to services related to the purchase. A total of 874 consumers, 78 percent of whom were over age 60, completed the written questionnaire. Overall, 83 percent of the survey respondents were satisfied with their most recent hearing aid purchase. Those who consulted a physician for a medical exam prior to being fitted for and purchasing a hearing aid were slightly more satisfied than those who did not consult a physician (85 percent versus 80 percent). Consumers were most satisfied when they were fitted for and bought their hearing aid from an audiologist. The least satisfied respondents were those consumers who used hearing aid dealers or salespersons rather than physicians or audiologists. The most expensive hearing aids were sold by the least well trained providers, hearing aid dealers and salespersons. Herein, implications for public policy in terms of access to hearing aids by the elderly and level of training are discussed.

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