scholarly journals Redressing forced removals of Yenish children in Switzerland in the 20th century: An analysis through transitional justice lens

Childhood ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 090756822110614
Author(s):  
Elena Patrizi
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Critical Assessment

‘A society that does not tackle the bitterest chapters of its past risks repeating the same mistakes – sooner or later'. These are the words pronounced by the Swiss Minister of Justice to apologise for the harm suffered by victims of coercive social measures. Apology is one of the measures established by Switzerland for dealing with the legacy of forced removals of Yenish children. Through an analysis of the reparation schemes undertaken in Switzerland, the article shows that relying on the theoretical framework provided by transitional justice facilitates making a critical assessment of reparation schemes for past child abuse cases.

scholarly journals An inconvenient truth: barriers to truth recovery in the aftermath of institutional child abuse in Ireland

Legal Studies ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie McAlinden
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
An Inconvenient Truth ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

Contemporary settled democracies, including the USA, England and Wales and Ireland, have witnessed a string of high-profile cases of institutional child abuse in both Church and State settings. Set against the broader literature on transitional justice, this analysis argues that there are significant barriers to truth recovery within the particular context of historical institutional abuse by the clergy in the Republic of Ireland. In the main, it argues that the frameworks of the inquiries and commissions into historical institutional child abuse are not conducive to truth recovery or the search for justice in dealing with the legacy of an abusive past. It is the Church–State relationship which makes the Irish situation noteworthy and unique. The Catholic Church and child care institutions are especially self-protective, secretive and closed by nature, and strongly discourage the drawing of attention to any deficiencies in organisational procedures. The nature of the public inquiry process also means that there is often a rather linear focus on accountability and apportioning blame. Collectively, such difficulties inhibit fuller systemic investigation of the veracity of what actually happened and, in turn, meaningful modification of child care policies. The paper concludes by offering some thoughts on the implications for transitional justice discourses more broadly as well as the residual issues for Ireland and other settled democracies in terms of moving on from the legacy of institutional child abuse.

scholarly journals William Golding's Free Fall as a Künstlerroman

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Noura Al-Madi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Art School

Psychoanalysis has been a research field for authors a long time ago. The human psyche is complicated; it is a mix of emotions, instincts, actions ad reactions. The 20th century is revolutionary, new inventions and discoveries were trending, with the new way of living people started to lose faith. William Golding's Free Fall as Künstlerroman is tracing the development of the artist Sammy Mountjoy's character from childhood until he matures. The things he faced and the factors that reshaped his life. He was chastened by suffering as he learned from the school of life. In this non-thesis paper, a study of the character of Sammy as he grows up is explored with examining the factors that affected his personality. The introduction illustrates Künstlerroman as a subgenre of Bildungsroman and explains them as a theoretical framework, the difference between them and their characteristics. Also, it discusses psychoanalysis definition. Chapter I will focus on Sammy's childhood living in Rotten Row and his friends, the role of his parents and moving to the art school where he met Beatrice. Chapter II will discuss Sammy the man when he was investigated in prison. It deals with mature Sammy who wants to fix his mistakes and feels free from guilt.

Part IV The Right to Reparation/Guarantees of Non-Recurrence, B Guarantees of Non-Recurrence of Violations, Principle 37 Disbandment of Parastatal Armed Forces/Demobilization and Social Reintegration of Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duthie Roger ◽  
Mayer-Rieckh Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
The Right

Principle 37 focuses on the disbandment of parastatal armed forces and the demobilization and social reintegration of children involved in armed conflicts. It articulates measures designed to prevent the transformation of conflict violence to criminal violence through the dismantling and reintegration of all armed groups engaged in abuses, and outlines comprehensive responses to the injustices experienced by children during armed conflict. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 37 before discussing its theoretical framework and practice. It then examines the importance of reintegration processes and how they can be affected by transitional justice measures, along with their implications for former child combatants. It also highlights the relevance of measures for dealing with unofficial armed groups from an impunity standpoint, as well as the efforts of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs to address them.

Part IV The Right to Reparation/Guarantees of Non-Recurrence, B Guarantees of Non-Recurrence of Violations, Principle 36 Reform of State Institutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayer-Rieckh Alexander ◽  
Duthie Roger
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Right

Principle 36 deals with institutional reform in the aftermath of human rights violations. It contains measures that focus on state institutions responsible for violations and seek to identify the causes of the violations. The measures aim to reform structures and systems that allowed, facilitated, or promoted violations, and have the potential to act as an enabling condition for other transitional justice mechanisms by weakening or removing institutional sources of opposition. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 36 before discussing its theoretical framework and practice. It also examines the shift in emphasis from purges, to vetting, to broader institutional reform; the influence of historical context in Latin America and Eastern Europe in particular on the articulation of the measures; and the emphasis on the preventive function of the measures.

“Keep Your Mind in Hell and Despair Not”: Dealing with the Wounds and Complicities of 20th Century Orthodoxy in Estonia Through the Theology of St Sophrony (Sakharov) and Arvo Pärt

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Irina Paert
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
The Past ◽  
Christian Unity ◽  
Arvo Part

Abstract The story of Estonian Orthodoxy, as often told through the narrative of collective trauma, is not homogeneous and uncontested. The co-existence of two Orthodox communities in present-day Estonia, each insisting on exclusive canonical legitimacy and holding different views of the past, the incomplete work of transitional justice, and the untold story of political collaboration appear as irreconcilable differences that challenge the ideals of Christian unity. In order to address these unresolved problems of a traumatic past, the paper will turn to the ascetic theology of twentieth-century Orthodox saints St Silouan (1866–1938) and St Sophrony Sakharov (1896–1993) and to the musical oeuvres of the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt (b. 1935). The approach of these Orthodox ascetics, the article argues, provides an important perspective on Christian mission in a wounded world.

Juristische, politische und ethische Dimensionen der Aufarbeitung des Völkermords an den Herero und Nama

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Julia Böcker
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Conflict Transformation ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Full Responsibility

Germany struggles to deal with its past colonial atrocities. From 1904 to 1908, the Empire has committed the first genocide of the 20th century in Africa; descendants of Herero and Nama in Namibia bear the consequences until today. Why full responsibility is still missing: the interdisciplinary approach identifies legal, political and ethical dimensions. The essential point is to recommend a political apology. If victim communities are included, this can be a powerful transitional justice tool even if the violence dates long back. With the return of art and human remains and with a remembrance culture, more instruments of conflict transformation are introduced.

scholarly journals Reconstructive Hermeneutics in African Christology

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Gathogo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
African Theology ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

The article sets out to demonstrate African reconstructive Christology as the seventhChristological trend in African Christianity. Considering that African theology is kerygmatically universal, but theologically provincial, the study shows that Christology in our contemporary Africa can be best understood by retracing it from the early Christologicalcontroversies through to the present times. Certainly, African Christology in the 21st century is dominated by calls for contextualisation, indigenisation, rebirth, inculturation,renewal, rejuvenation, renaissance and reconstruction. To this end, the article endeavours todemonstrate that Christ, the ideal reconstructionist, the one who broke the cultural codes of his time in order to reconstruct the society, is the relevant model to our contemporary world.The article draws its theoretical framework from the works of Jesse Mugambi, Kä Mana,and Wachege, amongst other proponents of reconstructive motif in African theology. In its methodology, the article first attempts to identify some early Christological developments through to the contemporary trends. It subsequently attempts a survey of the six Christologicaltrends of the 20th century; that is a Christological trend that commits itself to interpreting and adapting Christology to modern mentality and situation; Christologies geared exclusively to thehistorical Jesus; Christology that tends to uphold the Trinitarian theology; Christologies based on the proclaimed Christ and the historical Jesus; Asian Christologies of inculturation and liberation;and African Christologies of inculturation and liberation. Afterwards, it analyses Christological trends of the 21st century where a seventh dimension, African reconstructive Christology, has become the norm. In so doing, the article builds on the premise that the primary task of African Christology today is restoration.

scholarly journals A critical assessment of reconsolidation interference as a tool for therapeutic forgetting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Schroyens ◽  
Tom Beckers ◽  
Laura Luyten
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Prior Experiences ◽  
The Way

Re-exposure to elements of prior experiences can create opportunities for inducing amnesia for those events. The dominant theoretical framework posits that such re-exposure can result in memory destabilization, making the memory representation temporarily sensitive to disruption while it awaits reconsolidation. If veritable, a mechanism that allows for memories to be permanently changed could have important implications for the treatment of several forms of psychopathology. However, the way reconsolidation theory is currently formulated and applied to account for empirical data hampers scientific and clinical progress. Theoretical and methodological advances are essential for a fruitful translation of reminder-dependent amnesia into clinical treatment.

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