Research on the biomechanics friction characteristics based on the typical bus–pedestrian accident

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (5) ◽  
pp. 1356-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Xiaoyun ◽  
J Xianlong ◽  
C Xianghai ◽  
H Xinyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Numerical Reconstruction ◽  
Pedestrian Accident ◽  
Experiment Method

The simulation precision of the vehicle–pedestrian accident is influenced by the numerous pre-impact parameters. Among them, the biomechanics friction characteristics of pedestrian exert direct influence on the reconstruction of vehicle–pedestrian accident. Given the complicacy of human body and the traffic accident, it is difficult to chase down the pedestrian–vehicle and pedestrian–road contact characteristics in the accident merely through experiments. The analysis on biomechanics friction characteristics in vehicle–pedestrian accident based on the design of experiment method are discussed in this article. The reliability of the friction characteristics can be verified by the optimization method. Finally, the method is applied to reconstruct a real typical case of a bus–pedestrian accident. The numerical reconstruction results gained by the method have high accuracy and credibility. The study also provides a new way to analyse the vehicle–pedestrian accident cause.

scholarly journals Prediction of physiological exertion in hot environments using the JOS-2 thermoregulation model

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02058
Author(s):  
Akihisa Nomoto ◽  
Yoshito Takahashi ◽  
Yoshiichi Ozeki ◽  
Masayuki Ogata ◽  
Shin-ichi Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Hot Environments

In recent years, the outdoor summer environment in Japan has become progressively warmer due to the severity of the heat island phenomenon. The danger of heat stroke and thermal comfort outdoors in summer are regarded as problems. In order to evaluate these problems, it is important to evaluate physiological exertion in the human body. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the possibility of predicting physiological exertion in the human body with high accuracy in an outdoor environment during summer using the JOS-2 thermoregulation model developed by our research group. First, the Japanese metabolic rate in summer and autumn was measured for various activities, including sitting, standing, and walking. As a result, we found that the metabolic rate during sitting and standing was lower by about 10% in summer than in autumn. Next, using the obtained metabolic rate measurement as an input to the model, the experiment in an outdoor environment during summer was reproduced using JOS-2. The accuracy of the predicted mean skin temperature and local skin wettedness in an outdoor environment during summer was improved by choosing the appropriate input to the model.

A moving human body causes fatal blunt trauma: an unusual traffic accident

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Annette Thierauf-Emberger ◽  
Andreas Lickert ◽  
Stefan Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Traffic Accident

Charles Bell (1774–1842) and Natural Theology

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Sean Hughes ◽  
Christopher Gardner-Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Body ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
William Paley

Sir Charles Bell, a 19th century surgeon, anatomist and artist, was heavily influenced by the religious practice of Natural Theology, a belief which implied that the world is created by an Intelligent Designer. In the 18th century, William Paley, later Rector of Bishop Wearmouth, wrote the seminal book about Natural Theology. Charles Bell who practised in London and Edinburgh used his artistic skills to underline his teaching of anatomy and surgery. Later, Bell wrote one of the eight Bridgewater Treatises on the Hand. Bell went on to illustrate the final edition of Paley’s Natural Theology in which he demonstrated that proof of Design were to be found in the animal frame, reflecting his earlier work on art and human structure. It is concluded that Charles Bell and William Paley’s ideals were in harmony with each other, holding the same belief about Creation. This paper argues that Bell’s understanding and devotion to Natural Theology allowed him to accurately explain function, realism and expression in the human body, all revealing the direct influence of the Divine Creator.

scholarly journals Generation of Realistic Virtual Garments on Recovery Human Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Zhu ◽  
Yanjun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Virtual Character ◽  
Fem Model

Displaying a variety of fabrics on a customized character could help customers choose which fabric is more suitable for themselves and help customers choose clothing. However, it is not an easy task to show realistic garment on customized virtual character. As a result, we propose a stable finite element method (FEM) model which is stable to approximate stretching behaviors. At first, we measure four kinds of cloth materials with measurement techniques to research elastic deformations in real cloth samples. Then, we use the parameter optimization method by fitting the model with measurement data. For promoting the display of realistic fabrics, we recover 3D human in shape and pose from a single image automatically. Human body datasets are constructed at first. Then, CNN-based image retrieval in shape and skeleton-based template matching method in pose are combined for 3D human model recovery. To enrich human body details, we synthesize the human body and 3D face with spatial transformation. We compared our proposed method of recovering 3D human from a single image with the state-of-the-art methods, and the experimental results show that the proposed method allows the recovered virtual human to put on garment with different fabrics and significantly improves the fidelity of virtual garment.

Acquisition and Analysis on 3D Deformation of Windshield Glass in Vehicle-Pedestrian Accident

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 461-465
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Shuai Jing Wu ◽  
Jian Wei Shang ◽  
Lang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Pedestrian Accident ◽  
3D Deformation ◽  
Continuous Curvature ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Right

A method based on the 3D laser scanning is proposed for obtaining and analyzing the windshield's deformation in vehicle-pedestrian accident. With an actual traffic accident of vehicle-pedestrian collision taken for example, point cloud data of windshield’s deformation is scanned by EXAScan 3D laser scanner and the deformed 3D NURBS surface is obtained after fitting process. Based on the discussion about characteristics of curved surface of the vehicle’s front windshield and the principle of continuous curvature, this paper conducts a surface fitting with cubic non-uniform spline according to geometric information of grid surface around the deformation zone, and obtains the pre-deformed surface of windshield by sampling with spline curve. Compared with the pre-deformed surface of vehicle’s windshield, the maximum deformation depth is 48.509mm and its area is 0.3816m2on the right side, while the maximum deformation depth is 36.341mm and its area is 0.2529m2on the left side. The application results in actual traffic accident show that this method can be used to obtain 3D deformation information of overall impact area, which provide a new method for accurately inspecting the windshield’s deformation in vehicle-pedestrian accident. This method also provides a new research idea for quantitative saving the evidence in permanent, and it also has a great value in accident analysis and reconstruction.

scholarly journals Research on night pedestrian accident and lighting environment using in-depth traffic accident data

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (Appendix) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ishikura ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamakawa ◽  
Kouzi Sugiyama ◽  
Kazuo Uchida ◽  
Yasuhisa Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Pedestrian Accident ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Lighting Environment

scholarly journals Nahmanides’ Astrological and Religious Thinking and the Views of the Contemporaneous Catalan Christian Sages

Perichoresis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Esperança Valls-Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Divine Omnipotence ◽  
Religious Thinking ◽  
Ramon Llull

AbstractThis paper examines the astrological and religious thinking of Moshe ben Nahman (also known as Ramban or Nahmanides) and the intellectual connections in this field with two of the most outstanding Christian thinkers of his time, Ramon Llull and Arnau de Vilanova. Nahmanides, like many medieval scholars, admitted an astral influence, but he did not accept astrology as a divinatory science. He incorporated astrological doctrines in his exegetical works, assuming that Israel is not determined by any star because it only responds to God. Yet the study of medieval medicine and its application cannot be separated from astrology practice because it was considered that the stars had a direct influence not only on the development of the human body, from birth to death, but also in the disease processes which affect it. Ramban and his disciple Solomon ben Adret accepted and practiced astrological medicine. Llull and de Vilanova also devoted themselves to this discipline. All of them agree on the influence of the stars on humankind but condemned astral magic. Like Ramban, Llull rejects other astrological methods considered non-scientific in his time, such as prediction through horoscope. Thus, these thinkers tried to develop an astrology that was not in contradiction with divine omnipotence or free will.

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