Cost-effective propagation paths for multiple change requirements in the product design

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat Ullah ◽  
Dunbing Tang ◽  
Leilei Yin ◽  
Ishfaq Hussain ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Propagation Paths

Design projects have been surrounded by tight schedule and cost overruns. Therefore, it is indispensable to resolve the design changes in an economical way. This work introduces an advanced technique to assess and optimize change propagation paths for multiple change requirements occurring simultaneously during the product development process. A novel multiple change requirement algorithm and a mathematical model considering the overall propagated risk are developed, to explore cost-effective change propagation paths in terms of lead time. The risk is quantified with regard to propagation likelihood and change impact, which results in re-work. Design structure matrix framework is used to capture the dependencies between components. It is revealed that the change requirements execution sequence has a significant effect on the total number of change propagation paths, change steps, distinct change components, and completion time. This approach is illustrated by a case study, which indicates that the proposed methodology can assist the designer in exploring and selecting optimal change propagation paths.

Exploring Effective Change Propagation in a Product Family Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat Ullah ◽  
Dunbing Tang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Leilei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Design Structure Matrix ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Effective Change ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Requirements Change ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Design Requirements

Product family (PF) design is a widely used strategy in the industry, as it allows meeting diverse design requirements. Change propagation in any PF is difficult to predict. Consequently, while numerous design change management methodologies presently exist, their application is restricted to a single artifact. This issue is overcome in the present study. The proposed framework explores effective change propagation paths (CPPs) by considering the risks associated with design changes in the PF with the aim of minimizing the overall redesign cost. The propagated risk, which would result in rework, is quantified in terms of change impact and propagation likelihood. Moreover, a design structure matrix (DSM) based mathematical model and an algorithm for its implementation are proposed to investigate the change propagation across the PF. Finally, to demonstrate their effectiveness, a PF of electric kettles is examined in a case study. The study findings confirm that the proposed technique is appropriate for evaluating different CPPs in PF.

scholarly journals Identification of Influential Modules Considering Design Change Impacts Based on Parallel Breadth-First Search and Bat Algorithm

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfu Cheng ◽  
Zhihu Guo ◽  
Xiaotian Ma ◽  
Tian Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Bat Algorithm ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Design Change ◽  
Modular Product ◽  
Modular Products ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Propagation Paths

Modular design is a widely used strategy that meets diverse customer requirements. Close relationships exist between parts inside a module and loose linkages between modules in the modular products. A change of one part or module may cause changes of other parts or modules, which in turn propagate through a product. This paper aims to present an approach to analyze the associations and change impacts between modules and identify influential modules in modular product design. The proposed framework explores all possible change propagation paths (CPPs), and measures change impact degrees between modules. In this article, a design structure matrix (DSM) is used to express dependence relationships between parts, and change propagation trees of affected parts within module are constructed. The influence of the affected part in the corresponding module is also analyzed, and a reachable matrix is employed to determine reachable parts of change propagation. The parallel breadth-first algorithm is used to search propagation paths. The influential modules are identified according to their comprehensive change impact degrees that are computed by the bat algorithm. Finally, a case study on the grab illustrates the impacts of design change in modular products.

Predicting Change Propagation in Complex Design

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. John Clarkson ◽  
Caroline Simons ◽  
Claudia Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Change Propagation ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Analysis Of Change ◽  
Propagation Paths

In redesign and design for customization, products are changed. During this process a change to one part of the product will, in most cases, result in changes to other parts. The prediction of such change provides a significant challenge in the management of redesign and customization of complex products where many change propagation paths may be possible. This paper reports on an analysis of change behavior based on a case study in Westland Helicopters of rotorcraft design; the development of mathematical models to predict the risk of change propagation in terms of likelihood and impact of change; and the development of a prototype computer support tool to calculate such information for a specific product. With knowledge of likely change propagation paths and their impact on the delivery of the product, design effort can be directed towards avoiding change to “expensive” sub-systems and, where possible, allowing change where it is easier to implement while still achieving the overall changes required.

Design freeze sequencing using Bayesian network framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihwan Lee ◽  
Yoo S. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Network ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Effective Manner

Purpose – Change propagation is the major source of schedule delays and cost overruns in design projects. One way to mitigate the risk of change propagation is to impose a design freeze on components at some point prior to completion of the process. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model-driven approach to optimal freeze sequence identification based on change propagation risk. Design/methodology/approach – A dynamic Bayesian network was used to represent the change propagation process within a system. According to the model, when a freeze decision is made with respect to a component, a probabilistic inference algorithm within the Bayesian network updates the uncertain state of each component. Based on this mechanism, a set of algorithm was developed to derive optimal freeze sequence. Findings – The authors derived the optimal freeze sequence of a helicopter design project from real product development process. The experimental result showed that our proposed method can significantly improve the effectiveness of freeze sequencing compared with arbitrary freeze sequencing. Originality/value – The methodology identifies the optimal sequence for resolution of entire-system uncertainty in the most effective manner. This mechanism, in progressively updating the state of each component, enables an analyzer to continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the freeze sequence.

scholarly journals Designing a Requirement Driven Product Development Process

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Dong ◽  
Daniel E. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Semiconductor Wafer ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Wafer Processing ◽  
Design Integration

Abstract This paper presents a technique to obtain a Design Structure Matrix (DSM) from a Design Matrix (DM). This technique enables us to obtain the design information flow pattern at early stage of the design, and apply the DSM system analysis and management techniques at the time when the most important decisions about the system and the design are made. The validity of this method is proven using a case study on the design integration process of an electrostatic chuck used in semiconductor wafer processing. The algorithm underlying this technique is also proven logically and mathematically to be valid.

The Predictability of System Interactions at Early Phase of the Product Development Process

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi D. Van Eikema Hommes ◽  
Daniel E. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Matrix Transformation ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
The Matrix

This paper presents the research work to investigate how well we can predict system interactions at early phase of the product development process using the matrix transformation technique presented by Dong and Whitney [1] at DETC 2001. The technique to predict design information flow patterns using requirements was applied to a case study at Johnson and Johnson Ortho-clinical Diagnosis. Several Design Structure Matrices (DSM) were created. The DSM’s were compared to the system interactions that engineers actually experienced during the design process, recorded in their own DSM. The observations from this case study provided insights to the predictability of various types of product development process, and demonstrated the value of the matrix transformation process.

scholarly journals A Method for Evaluating Manufacturing Change in Engineering Design

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Brooks ◽  
Gregory M. Mocko
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Structure Matrix ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Coupling Index ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Change Prediction ◽  
Traditional Component

This paper details a method of change prediction that builds upon the traditional component-component design structure matrix by incorporating manufacturing costs and modeling higher orders of coupling. A coupling index is also created to assess the level of coupling between interfaced features. A BMW X5 headliner assembly and a Ryobi hand-held drill are analyzed using the proposed method to identify the features and components that offer the greatest ease of change. The analysis of the BMW X5 headliner shows that the rectangular slots on the bottom of the adapter plates are the feature that offers the greatest ease of change, while the handles are the component that offers the greatest ease of change. For the Ryobi drill, the battery is identified as the component that offers the greatest ease of change. The proposed method of change prediction proves to be an effective and efficient means of modeling change propagation and assessing change impact.

Parallel Computing for Tire Simulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Surendranath ◽  
M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Parallel Solvers ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Highly Nonlinear

Abstract Over the last few decades, finite element analysis has become an integral part of the overall tire design process. Engineers need to perform a number of different simulations to evaluate new designs and study the effect of proposed design changes. However, tires pose formidable simulation challenges due to the presence of highly nonlinear rubber compounds, embedded reinforcements, complex tread geometries, rolling contact, and large deformations. Accurate simulation requires careful consideration of these factors, resulting in the extensive turnaround time, often times prolonging the design cycle. Therefore, it is extremely critical to explore means to reduce the turnaround time while producing reliable results. Compute clusters have recently become a cost effective means to perform high performance computing (HPC). Distributed memory parallel solvers designed to take advantage of compute clusters have become increasingly popular. In this paper, we examine the use of HPC for various tire simulations and demonstrate how it can significantly reduce simulation turnaround time. Abaqus/Standard is used for routine tire simulations like footprint and steady state rolling. Abaqus/Explicit is used for transient rolling and hydroplaning simulations. The run times and scaling data corresponding to models of various sizes and complexity are presented.

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