Flowchart-aided design of a novel spatial flapping wing mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (22) ◽  
pp. 4462-4477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Analooee ◽  
Mostafa Ghayour
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Micro Air Vehicles ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
Alternative Structures ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Superposition Principles

The flapping wing mechanism is an important member in flapping wing micro air vehicles. In this paper, a novel flapping wing mechanism and a framework to facilitate its design are introduced. High degree of symmetry and being free from sliders are two important features of this mechanism. The mentioned design framework consists of three algorithms for dimensional synthesis and one algorithm for mechanical design, which are presented in four flowcharts. In order to achieve the dimensional synthesis flowcharts, a parametric dimensional synthesis is performed, which includes examining the effects of different parameters on the important variables of design. The flowchart of mechanical design facilitates determining the optimized thicknesses of the mechanism members. The force analysis of the mechanism, as a part of mechanical design algorithm, is conducted using a MATLAB code based on the D'Alembert and superposition principles. An example of designing the mechanism using the introduced algorithms, a manufactured sample of the mechanism, and some alternative structures for the mechanism are presented in the final sections of the paper.

scholarly journals A Review of Research on the Mechanical Design of Hoverable Flapping Wing Micro-Air Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjie Xiao ◽  
Kai Hu ◽  
Binxiao Huang ◽  
Huichao Deng ◽  
Xilun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Micro Air Vehicles ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Development Prospect ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Hovering Flight ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Passive Deformation ◽  
Air Vehicles

AbstractMost insects and hummingbirds can generate lift during both upstroke and downstroke with a nearly horizontal flapping stroke plane, and perform precise hovering flight. Further, most birds can utilize tails and muscles in wings to actively control the flight performance, while insects control their flight with muscles based on wing root along with wing’s passive deformation. Based on the above flight principles of birds and insects, Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAVs) are classified as either bird-inspired or insect-inspired FWMAVs. In this review, the research achievements on mechanisms of insect-inspired, hoverable FWMAVs over the last ten years (2011–2020) are provided. We also provide the definition, function, research status and development prospect of hoverable FWMAVs. Then discuss it from three aspects: bio-inspiration, motor-driving mechanisms and intelligent actuator-driving mechanisms. Following this, research groups involved in insect-inspired, hoverable FWMAV research and their major achievements are summarized and classified in tables. Problems, trends and challenges about the mechanism are compiled and presented. Finally, this paper presents conclusions about research on mechanical structure, and the future is discussed to enable further research interests.

The new CM-Series TEMs: integration of a five-axis motorized, fully computer-controlled goniometer

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Marc J.C. de Jong ◽  
P. Emile S.J. Asselbergs ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Access Port ◽  
Vibration Stability ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Five Axes

A new step forward in Transmission Electron Microscopy has been made with the introduction of the CompuStage on the CM-series TEMs: CM120, CM200, CM200 FEG and CM300. This new goniometer has motorization on five axes (X, Y, Z, α, β), all under full computer control by a dedicated microprocessor that is in communication with the main CM processor. Positions on all five axes are read out directly - not via a system counting motor revolutions - thereby providing a high degree of accuracy. The CompuStage enters the octagonal block around the specimen through a single port, allowing the specimen stage to float freely in the vacuum between the objective-lens pole pieces, thereby improving vibration stability and freeing up one access port. Improvements in the mechanical design ensure higher stability with regard to vibration and drift. During stage movement the holder O-ring no longer slides, providing higher drift stability and positioning accuracy as well as better vacuum.

scholarly journals Strategy for the engineering integration of the ESS accelerator

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1660208
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Gazis ◽  
David McGinnis ◽  
Stephen Molloy ◽  
Eugene Tanke ◽  
Carl-Johan Hardh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Spallation Source ◽  
Engineering Integration ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Aided Design

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the world’s most powerful source of neutrons. The goal is to deliver neutrons to users in 2019 and reach full power sometime in the middle of the following decade. One of the key issues for ESS is to develop a strategy, along with the proper innovative tools, to efficiently communicate and smoothly collaborate between divisions and groups inside ESS and with its outside collaborators, so-called In-Kind Contributors (IKC). Technical requirements related to the scope to be delivered are among the most important technical information to be exchanged. This information exchange is facilitated by using a commercial requirements management database that is accessible through the web. The physics multidisciplinary needs are linked with the engineering integration through LinacLego, which is a tool that provides all updated lattice data for the accelerator. The lattice information is then gathered and utilized to control the physical positioning of the mechanical engineering components for the accelerator. The precision for this operation is provided by a dedicated mechanical design skeleton in a Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment. Finally, the realization of all these steps is supervised in detail and continuously evaluated. In this way the required ESS machine design can be delivered, both in terms of the engineering and the physics aspects.

Longitudinal Flight Dynamics of Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Orlowski ◽  
Anouck R. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Flight Dynamics ◽  
Micro Air Vehicles ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Air Vehicles

A CAD System for Designers’ Decision Making: An Approach With 2D and 3D Integrated and Hierarchical Assembly Models

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Minami ◽  
T. Ishida ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Tomita ◽  
M. Odamura
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract A concept for the initial stage of the mechanical design and its implementation in the computer-aided design (CAD) are presented. The process of decision making in design is: (1) determining an outline of the whole assembly using a 2-dimensional model that is easy to operate; (2) checking the outline using a 3-dimensional model in which it is easy to identify the spatial relationships; (3) determining details of its sub-assemblies or their components using the 2-dimensional model; and (4) checking the details using the 3-dimensional model. The CAD system must provide consistent relationships through all the steps. For that, following functions are implemented in our prototype system: (1) a 2D and 3D integrated model for consistency between 2- and 3-dimensional shapes, (2) a hierarchical assembly model with dimensional constraints for consistency within an assembly and their components, and (3) a check on constraints for consistency between shapes and designers’ intentions. As a result, the system can provide an environment well fitted to the designers’ decision making process.

Design and Evaluation of a Model-Based Controller for Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2528
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Nogar ◽  
Andrea Serrani ◽  
Abhijit Gogulapati ◽  
Jack J. McNamara ◽  
Michael W. Oppenheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micro Air Vehicles ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Air Vehicles

scholarly journals Engineering working operations based on parameters of product manufacturability using a computer-aided design algorithm

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-719
Author(s):  
D. A. Ishenin ◽  
A. S. Govorkov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
Industrial Data ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

The study aimed to develop an algorithm for computer-aided design (CAD) of working operations. A processing route for machining components was developed based on the criteria of production manufacturability, industrial data and a digital model of the product. The process of machining a workpiece was analysed using a method of theoretical separation. The machining process of a frame workpiece was used as a model. The identified formal parameters formed a basis for developing a CAD algorithm and a model of manufacturing route associated with the mechanical processing of a work-piece applying a condition-action rule, as well as mathematical logic. The research afforded a scheme for selecting process operations, given the manufacturability parameters of a product design. The concept of CAD algorithm was developed to design a production process of engineering products with given manufacturability parameters, including industrial data. The principle of forming a route and selecting a machining process was proposed. Several criteria of production manufacturability (labour intensity, consumption of materials, production costs) were selected to evaluate mechanical processing. A CAD algorithm for designing technological operations considering the parameters of manufacturability was developed. The algorithm was tested by manufacturing a frame workpiece. The developed algorithm can be used for reducing labour costs and development time, at the same time as improving the quality of production processes. The formalisation of process design is a crucial stage in digitalisation and automation of all production processes.

scholarly journals Are Two Heads Better Than One For Computer-Aided Design?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Vrushank Phadnis ◽  
Hamza Arshad ◽  
David Wallace ◽  
Alison Olechowski
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Pair Programming ◽  
Digital Modeling ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Model Instance ◽  
Parallel Mode ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Pair Work

Abstract With the availability of cloud-based software, ubiquitous internet and advanced digital modeling capabilities, a new potential has emerged to design physical products with methods previously embraced by the software engineering community. One such example is pair programming, where two coders work together synchronously to develop one piece of code. Pair programming has been shown to lead to higher quality code and designer satisfaction. Cutting-edge collaborative Computer-aided Design (CAD) technology affords the possibility to apply synchronous collaborative access in mechanical design. We test the generalizability of findings from the pair programming literature to the same dyadic configuration of work in CAD, which we call pair CAD. We performed human subject experiments with 60 participants to test three working styles: individuals working by themselves, pairs sharing control of one model instance and input, and pairs able to edit the same model simultaneously from two inputs. We compare the working styles on speed and quality, and propose mechanisms for our observations via interpretation of patterns of communication, satisfaction, and user cursor activity. We find that on a per-person basis, individuals were faster than pairs due to coordination and overhead inefficiencies. We find that pair work, when done with a single shared input, but not in a parallel mode, leads to higher quality models. We conclude that it is not Industry 4.0 technologies alone that influence designer output; choices regarding work process have a major effect on design outcomes, and we can tailor our process to suit project requirements.

Systematic Derivation of a Standard Set of Declarative Constraints for Shape Definition in CAD

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernie Bettig ◽  
Jami Shah
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Constraint Solving ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Geometrical Constraints ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Systematic Derivation

Abstract This paper describes the derivation of a consistent and comprehensive set of geometrical constraints for shape definition in Computer-Aided Design. These are needed to enable compatibility in parametric data exchange and to promote both standard capabilities and predictable solutions from constraint solving software kernels. The paper look at the mathematical basis for constraints present in the literature and elaborates about all types of constraints that can be described by the same mathematical basis. The approach considers all combinations of distance and angle constraints, on one point or all points of curves and surfaces, as well as transformations and mappings that are required in mechanical design.

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