Advanced analytics of elastic adhesive bonds by means of in situ computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-476
Author(s):  
Jens Philipp ◽  
Elisabeth Stammen ◽  
Klaus Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Adhesive Compound ◽  
Pre Treatment

This paper addresses optimization of parameters and measuring setups for in situ computed tomography measurements on marker particle-filled adhesives. The focus of this work was to increase the detail detectability and discriminability between used marker particles and surrounding adhesive compound even for materials with a high X-ray attenuation. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the effects of artifacts like scattered X-rays and beam hardening, respectively. A key benefit of being able to distinguish different materials clearly improves the correct interpretation of the reconstructed three-dimensional volume significantly, while a reduction of artificial disturbances enhances the possibility to visualize previously overlaid undetected details, e.g. air voids. Performing in situ computed tomography measurements by applying the optimized parameter setups, cavitation formation was observed investigating the particle behavior of specimens modified with glass beads as marker particles under applied load. An achieved bonding enhancement by using a coupling agent as pre-treatment for glass beads was also proven by means of in situ computed tomography. Furthermore, the parameter setups optimized for bulk specimen could be adapted on material combinations, e.g. single-lap shear specimen, by adjusting a few parameters. Additional experiments demonstrate that computed tomography measurements can also be used for analytical purposes, for instance to evaluate the mixing quality of the so-called QUADRO™ or 2C mixers for two-component adhesives.

Visualizing Fluid Flows With X-Rays

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Heindel ◽  
Terrence C. Jensen ◽  
Joseph N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Density Map

There are several methods available to visualize fluid flows when one has optical access. However, when optical access is limited to near the boundaries or not available at all, alternative visualization methods are required. This paper will describe flow visualization using an X-ray system that is capable of digital X-ray radiography, digital X-ray stereography, and digital X-ray computed tomography (CT). The unique X-ray flow visualization facility will be briefly described, and then flow visualization of various systems will be shown. Radiographs provide a two-dimensional density map of a three dimensional process or object. Radiographic images of various multiphase flows will be presented. When two X-ray sources and detectors simultaneously acquire images of the same process or object from different orientations, stereographic imaging can be completed; this type of imaging will be demonstrated by trickling water through packed columns and by absorbing water in a porous medium. Finally, local time-averaged phase distributions can be determined from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, and this will be shown by comparing CT images from two different gas-liquid sparged columns.

In Situ Testing Using Synchrotron Radiation Computed Tomography in Materials Research

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (51-52) ◽  
pp. 2831-2841
Author(s):  
Xinchen Ni ◽  
Nathan K. Fritz ◽  
Brian L. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Analysis Measurement ◽  
Materials Research

ABSTRACTHigh resolution (< 1 µm) computed tomography is an attractive tool in materials research due to its ability to non-destructively visualize the three-dimensional internal microstructures of the material. Recently, this technique has been further empowered by adding a fourth (temporal) dimension to study the time-lapse material response under load. Such studies are referred to as four-dimensional or in situ testing. In this snapshot review, we highlight three representative examples of in situ testing using synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) for composites failure analysis, measurement of local corrosion rate in alloys, and visualization and quantification of electrochemical reactions in lithium-ion batteries, as well as forward-looking integration of machine learning with in situ CT. Lastly, the future opportunities and challenges of in situ SRCT testing are discussed.

Three-Dimensional Characterization of Cell Clusters Using Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Micro-Computed Tomography

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Müller ◽  
Marco Riedel ◽  
Philipp J. Thurner
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Cell Compartments

Micro-computed tomography with the highly intense, monochromatic X rays produced by the synchrotron is a superior method to nondestructively measure the local absorption in three-dimensional space. Because biological tissues and cells consist mainly of water as the surrounding medium, higher absorbing agents have to be incorporated into the structures of interest. Even without X-ray optics such as refractive lens, one can uncover the stain distribution with the spatial resolution of about 1 μm. Incorporating the stain at selected cell compartments, for example, binding to the RNA/DNA, their density distribution becomes quantified. In this communication, we demonstrate that tomograms obtained at the beamlines BW2 and W2 (HASYLAB at DESY, Hamburg, Germany) and 4S (SLS, Villigen, Switzerland) clearly show that the RNA/DNA-stained HEK 293 cell clusters have a core of high density and a peripheral part of lower density, which correlate with results of optical microscopy. The inner part of the clusters is associated with nonvital cells as the result of insufficient oxygen and nutrition supply. This necrotic part is surrounded by (6 ± 1) layers of vital cells.

Characterization of Metal Matrix Composites by Synchrotron Refraction Computed Topography

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 967-972
Author(s):  
Bernd R. Müller ◽  
Axel Lange ◽  
M. Harwardt ◽  
M.P. Hentschel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Federal Institute

X-ray computed tomography is an important tool for evaluating the three dimensional microstructure of modern materials non-destructively. To resolve material structures in the micrometre range and below high brilliance synchrotron radiation has to be taken. But materials of low absorption or mixed phases show a weak absorption contrast at there interfaces. A Contrast enhancement can be achieved by exploiting the refraction of X-rays at interfaces. This technique was developed and applied at the NDT department of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) during the last decade. It meets the actual demand for improved non-destructive characterisation of high performance composites, ceramics and other low density materials and components. The technique is based on Ultra Small Angle Scattering (USAXS) by micro structural elements causing phase related effects like refraction and total reflection at a few minutes of arc as the refractive index of X-rays is nearly unity. The extraordinary refraction contrast of inner surfaces is far beyond absorption effects and hence especially useful for materials of low absorption or mixed phases, showing similar X-ray absorption properties. Crack orientation and fibre-matrix debonding in plastics, polymers, ceramics and metal-matrix-composites after cyclic loading and hydro thermal aging can be visualized. By combining the refraction technique with the computed tomography technique the three dimensional imaging of the micro structure of the materials is obtained. In most cases the investigated inner surface and interface structures correlate to mechanical properties. Recent results with a sub-micrometer resolution will be presented.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
H. C. Corcoran ◽  
S. B. Brown ◽  
S. Robson ◽  
R. D. Speller ◽  
M. B. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dimensional Metrology ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
X Ray Computed

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a rising technology within many industries and sectors with a demand for dimensional metrology, defect, void analysis and reverse engineering. There are many variables that can affect the dimensional metrology of objects imaged using XCT, this paper focusses on the effects of beam hardening due to the orientation of the workpiece, in this case a holeplate, and the volume of material the X-rays travel through. Measurements discussed include unidirectional and bidirectional dimensions, radii of cylinders, fit point deviations of the fitted shapes and cylindricity. Results indicate that accuracy and precision of these dimensional measurements are affected in varying amounts, both by the amount of material the X-rays have travelled through and the orientation of the object.

Quasi-Static and Dynamic Confined Compressive Behavior of Glass Beads by In-Situ X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runyu Zhang ◽  
Huiluo Chen ◽  
Huiyang Luo ◽  
Sadeq Malakooti ◽  
Simon Oman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray

Advances in In Situ SiC Growth Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 963 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Salamon ◽  
Matthias Arzig ◽  
Norman Uhlmann ◽  
Peter J. Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Third Dimension

Computed Tomography is becoming a valuable method for the in-situ monitoring of vapor grown silicon carbide single crystals [1]. Already the two-dimensional X-ray radiography has shown the potential of surveilling the growth process [2] and its characteristic features like the evolution of the facet, the crystal volume or the source material structure from one imaging plane. Even though the demands on imaging capability of the applied X-ray components used for a tomographic analysis are higher than for two-dimensional imaging, the extension of this method to the third dimension is highly beneficial. It allows investigating the full geometry and three-dimensional location of the features and by this provides a more accurate analysis. In this contribution we present the physical characteristics and the latest advances of our technique for the visualization of facets.

Development of particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography in Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Japan Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Emission Computed

A new micro-particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography (PIXE-CT) system was developed at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In this system, scanning transmission ion microscopy-CT was performed as well as PIXE-CT for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of major elements' distributions, which are required for corrections of X-ray yields due to energy losses of projectiles and absorption of X-rays. Moreover, maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm has been introduced to image reconstruction because higher spatial resolution can be obtained even with less X-ray yields. Consequently, 3D distribution of trace elements in a minute biological cell less than 100 μm has been successfully obtained.

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