Chorioamnionitis in pregnancy: a comparative study of HIV-positive and HIV-negative parturients

Background: Endoscopy is the diagnostic test of choice for most HIV-associated GI diseases, as endoscopic and histopathologic evaluation can render diagnoses in patients with non-specific symptoms. The objective of the present research was to study the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings among HIV positive patients and compare them with HIV negative patients.Methods: A comparative study was carried out in the department of General Medicine to study the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings among HIV positive patients and compare them with HIV negative patients for a period of two years. 101 cases who were HIV positive were compared with equal number of HIV negative subjects. The subjects in the case group as well as control group were chosen randomly.Results: There was a significant lower incidence of Helicobacter pylori positivity (38.6%) among HIV positive patients when compared to controls (73.6%). There were overall 63 patients with abnormal biopsy findings in HIV group and 75 patients with abnormal biopsy findings in the control group. Among HIV positive patients who were also RUT positive approximately 80% had abnormal histopathological findings. Similarly, among the RUT positive control 81% of the patients had abnormal biopsy findings. Incidence of normal biopsy findings was more in the control group (57.1%) compared to the study group (48.4%). But this difference was not found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: The histology of gastric mucosa was no different in Helicobacter pylori positive or negative subjects with HIV. But Helicobacter pylori incidence was significantly less in HIV positive persons compared to HIV negative.

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Psychological morbidity and parenting stress in mothers of primary school children by timing of acquisition of HIV infection: a longitudinal cohort study in rural South Africa

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s204017441700068x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 41-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. J. Rochat ◽

B. Houle ◽

A. Stein ◽

R. M. Pearson ◽

M. L. Newell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Parenting Stress ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Psychological Morbidity ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Rural South ◽

Rural South Africa ◽

In Pregnancy ◽

Hiv Negative

Longitudinal maternal mental health data are needed from high HIV prevalence settings. The Siyakhula Cohort (SC) is a population-based cohort of HIV-positive and negative mothers (n=1506) with HIV-negative children (n=1536) from rural South Africa. SC includes 767 HIV-negative mothers; 465 HIV-positive in pregnancy; 272 HIV-positive since pregnancy (n=2 missing HIV status). A subgroup (n=890) participated in a non-randomized breastfeeding intervention [Vertical Transmission Study (VTS)]; the remaining (n=616) were resident in the same area and received antenatal care at the time of the VTS, but were not part of the VTS, instead receiving the standard of care Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme. In secondary analysis we investigated the prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychological morbidity amongst mothers who were still the primary caregiver of the child (1265 out of 1506) at follow-up (7–11 years post-birth). We measured maternal depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7) and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index-36), using standardized cut-offs and algorithms. In total, 75 (5.9%) mothers met criteria for depression, 37 (2.9%) anxiety and 134 (10.6%) parenting stress. Using complete case logistic regression (n=1206 out of 1265 mothers) as compared to being HIV-negative, testing HIV-positive in pregnancy doubled odds of depression [adjusted odd ratios (aOR)=1.96 [1.0–3.7] P=0.039]. Parenting stress was positively associated with acquisition of HIV after pregnancy (aOR=3.11 [1.9–5.2] P<0.001) and exposure to household crime (aOR=2.02 [1.3–3.2] P=0.003); negatively associated with higher maternal education (aOR=0.29 [0.1–0.8] P=0.014), maternal employment (aOR=0.55 [0.3–0.9] P=0.024). Compared with the standard of care PMTCT, VTS mothers had reduced odds of parenting stress (aOR=0.61 [0.4–0.9] P=0.016). Integrating parental support into mostly bio-medical treatment programmes, during and beyond pregnancy, is important.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IODINE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY, SPORADIC GOITRE AND THYROTOXICOSIS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0480014 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. A. Aboul-Khair ◽

J. Crooks

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Iodine Uptake ◽

Thyroid Activity ◽

Deficiency State ◽

Iodine Metabolism ◽

Inorganic Iodine ◽

In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Studies of iodine metabolism have been carried out in 15 pregnant women, 33 cases with sporadic goitre and 11 with thyrotoxicosis. A low plasma inorganic iodine was common to the three groups. In pregnancy and sporadic goitre the thyroid clearance of iodine was elevated and the absolute iodine uptake normal. A high thyroid clearance of iodine in thyrotoxicosis was associated with a high absolute iodine uptake. The results suggest that both pregnancy and sporadic goitre are physiological responses to an iodine deficiency state while the iodine deficiency state of thyrotoxicosis is secondary to increased thyroid activity.

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