Striking ethnic variations in the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in Haifa District, Israel, throughout the years 2001–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396
Author(s):  
Khalaf Kridin ◽  
Mogher Khamaisi ◽  
Shmuel Rishpon ◽  
Rami Grifat
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Ethnic Variations

Our objectives were to examine trends in the incidence of chlamydia over an extended period and compare the epidemiology of the infection between two distinct ethnic groups in Israel: Jews and Arabs. We examined the incidence rate of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among residents of Haifa District, northern Israel from 2001 to 2015, by reviewing archives of the Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health. Notified cases were stratified by age group, gender, and ethnic group. The overall incidence rate of Chlamydia was 10.8 cases per 100,000 population per year. The annual rate increased dramatically from 5.1 per 100,000 population in 2001, to an all-time high of 18.5 cases per 100,000 population in 2015 (P < 0.001), representing an increase of 362.7%. The most affected age group was 25–34 years of age. The estimated rate among Jewish inhabitants was ninefold higher than among Arabs. Only 3% recurrent episodes of Chlamydia were registered. The prevalence of HIV positivity among Chlamydia-infected patients was similar to that of the general population. In conclusion, Chlamydia in Haifa has been continuously increasing since 2001 and the infection is much more prevalent among patients of Jewish ethnicity, mainly due to more hazardous sexual practices in this population.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Antipsychotic treatment responses in Early Intervention in Psychosis

The Physician ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nandini Chakraborty ◽  
Shiraz Ahmed ◽  
Hannah Booth ◽  
Hawa Aswat
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Ethnic Variations ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis ◽  
Best Responses

Background Ethnic variations in pathways to early intervention in psychosis (EIP) have been studied. However, it is important to explore the ethnic variations in response to pharmacological treatment in EIP. Aims To look at ethnic variation in response to antipsychotics. Method Electronic patient records in December 2018 were perused for: Sociodemographic details including ethnicity Prescribed antipsychotic and dosage to which the patient had responded Results White, Black and Asian ethnic groups responded mostly to Olanzapine. The largest proportion of the mixed ethnic group responded to Aripiprazole. The White and Asian groups showed the best responses to Lurasidone at 74 mg. There was a slight response in the mixed and other ethnic groups only at the higher dose of 111 mg. The medication has not been used with any benefit in the Black ethnic group. Conclusion The complex differences highlighted amongst ethnic responses to treatment make a case for multi-centric studies to further explore ethnic differences in early intervention treatments. This will help streamline offered treatments to maximise response in EIP.

scholarly journals Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Huai ◽  
Furong Li ◽  
Tongsheng Chu ◽  
Dianchang Liu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

Process and practice: groupness, ethnicity, and habitus in Carpathian Rus'

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-866
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Cantin
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotional Connection ◽  
Processual Approach

This article synthesizes Wimmer's and Brubaker's processual approach to analyzing ethnic groups with Jenkins and Bentley's practice-based theories of ethnicity to explain the role played by socio-emotional experiences and practical concerns in Carpatho-Rusyns, both mobilizing as an ethnic group as well as resisting such mobilization. Data were gathered from interviews and participant observation during the eight months of fieldwork in 10 different villages, towns, and cities in the Prešov region of Slovakia and the Zakarpattia oblast of Ukraine. Carpatho-Rusyns live in an area where borders have changed frequently and where religions, states, and political movements have encouraged the inhabitants' assimilation to a new or larger group. Rusyns tend to describe ethnicity as instrumentalist theorists do, that is, something largely produced as a result of struggles over territory, resources, and political power. Nevertheless, they evince a profound emotional connection to their language, land, and spirituality. This emotional connection manifests itself among “ethnopolitical entrepreneurs” as well as among the general population, but only motivates explicit political organization among the former.

Breast cancer incidence in a large cohort of Peruvian women affiliated to a pre-paid system.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12570-e12570
Author(s):  
Juan F. Suazo ◽  
Priscila I. Valdiviezo ◽  
Claudio J. Flores ◽  
Jorge Iberico ◽  
Joseph A. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Age Group

e12570 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy and the leading cause of death by cancer in Peruvian women (age-standarized rate [ASR] of 34 new cases/100,000 women estimated by GLOBOCAN 2008). The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of BCin acohort ofwomenat Oncosalud, an oncologic pre-paid system that currently has 600,000 affiliates. Methods: We evaluated a dynamic cohort (period 1989 to 2011) of women affiliatedat Oncosalud – AUNA, an oncologic prepaid system.The crude incidence rate per year (number of new cases/women at risk), the specific rate according to age (number of new cases / persons-year) and cumulative risk were calculated. Results: Overall, during the assessment period, the BC incidence rate per year was 175.6 and the ASR incidence was 111.9 per 100,000 affiliates respectively. In our cohort of affiliates there were no BC cases before 1993 (with 907 women at risk for that year). The highest incidence rate was 177.6 registered in 1997 (11,822 women at risk). Incidence rates started decreasing in 2003 (169.2 with a population at risk of 39,593 women). The lowest incidence was 71.5, registered in 2011 (279,680 women at risk).According to age-groups, there were no BC cases under20 years old. Specificincidence ratesper age-group increases from the 30 year old-group (55.8). The peak of BC incidence was between 70 to 74 years old (407.4). In the same way, the cumulative risk increases after 30 years old. Conclusions: In our cohort of affiliates, the incidence of BC is greater than the general population, it could be due to the process of negative selection; however, specific incidence rates per age-group and cumulative risk are increased after 30 years, as seen in the general population.

Reinfections, Persistent Infections, and New Infections After General Population Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in The Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene K. Veldhuijzen ◽  
Jan E. A. M. Van Bergen ◽  
Hannelore M. G??tz ◽  
Christian J. P. A. Hoebe ◽  
Servaas A. Morr?? ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Persistent Infections

scholarly journals Denominators count: supplementing surveillance data for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection with testing data, Norway, 2007 to 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Kløvstad ◽  
Preben Aavitsland
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Testing Coverage

As genital Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) infection is often asymptomatic, surveillance of diagnosed cases is heavily influenced by the rate and distribution of testing. In 2007, we started supplementing case-based surveillance data from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS) with aggregated data on age group and sex of individuals tested. In this report, annual testing rates, diagnosis rates and proportion positive for chlamydia in Norway between 1990 and 2013 are presented. From 2007, rates are also stratified by age group and sex. The annual testing rate for chlamydia culminated in the early 1990s, with 8,035 tested per 100,000 population in 1991. It then declined to 5,312 per 100,000 in 2000 after which it remained relatively stable. Between 1990 and 2013 the annual rate of diagnosed cases increased 1.5 times from ca 300 to ca 450 per 100,000 population. The proportion of positive among the tested rose twofold from ca 4% in the 1990s to 8% in 2013. Data from 2007 to 2013 indicate that more women than men were tested (ratio: 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.56–2.58) and diagnosed (1.54; 95% CI: 1.52–1.56). Among tested individuals above 14 years-old, the proportion positive was higher in men than women for all age groups. Too many tests are performed in women aged 30 years and older, where 49 of 50 tests are negative. Testing coverage is low (15%) among 15 to 24 year-old males. Information on sex and age-distribution among the tested helps to interpret surveillance data and provides indications on how to improve targeting of testing for chlamydia. Regular prevalence surveys may address remaining limitations of surveillance.

scholarly journals Ethnic and socioeconomic variation in incidence of congenital heart defects

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L Knowles ◽  
Deborah Ridout ◽  
Sonya Crowe ◽  
Catherine Bull ◽  
Jo Wray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Cardiac Intervention ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Ethnic Variations

IntroductionEthnic differences in the birth prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) have been reported; however, studies of the contemporary UK population are lacking. We investigated ethnic variations in incidence of serious CHDs requiring cardiac intervention before 1 year of age.MethodsAll infants who had a cardiac intervention in England and Wales between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010 were identified in the national congenital heart disease surgical audit and matched with paediatric intensive care admission records to create linked individual child records. Agreement in reporting of ethnic group by each audit was evaluated. For infants born 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for CHDs by ethnicity and investigated age at intervention, antenatal diagnosis and area deprivation.ResultsWe identified 5350 infants (2940 (55.0%) boys). Overall CHD incidence was significantly higher in Asian and Black ethnic groups compared with the White reference population (incidence rate ratios (IRR) (95% CIs): Asian 1.5 (1.4 to 1.7); Black 1.4 (1.3 to 1.6)); incidence of specific CHDs varied by ethnicity. No significant differences in age at intervention or antenatal diagnosis rates were identified but affected children from non-White ethnic groups were more likely to be living in deprived areas than White children.ConclusionsSignificant ethnic variations exist in the incidence of CHDs, including for specific defects with high infant mortality. It is essential that healthcare provision mitigates ethnic disparity, including through timely identification of CHDs at screening, supporting parental choice and effective interventions. Future research should explore the factors underlying ethnic variation and impact on longer-term outcomes.

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