scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Antipsychotic treatment responses in Early Intervention in Psychosis

The Physician ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nandini Chakraborty ◽  
Shiraz Ahmed ◽  
Hannah Booth ◽  
Hawa Aswat
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Ethnic Variations ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis ◽  
Best Responses

Background Ethnic variations in pathways to early intervention in psychosis (EIP) have been studied. However, it is important to explore the ethnic variations in response to pharmacological treatment in EIP. Aims To look at ethnic variation in response to antipsychotics. Method Electronic patient records in December 2018 were perused for: Sociodemographic details including ethnicity Prescribed antipsychotic and dosage to which the patient had responded Results White, Black and Asian ethnic groups responded mostly to Olanzapine. The largest proportion of the mixed ethnic group responded to Aripiprazole. The White and Asian groups showed the best responses to Lurasidone at 74 mg. There was a slight response in the mixed and other ethnic groups only at the higher dose of 111 mg. The medication has not been used with any benefit in the Black ethnic group. Conclusion The complex differences highlighted amongst ethnic responses to treatment make a case for multi-centric studies to further explore ethnic differences in early intervention treatments. This will help streamline offered treatments to maximise response in EIP.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in jealousy in Surinam

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1136-1149
Author(s):  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Pieternel Dijkstra ◽  
Glenn Leckie ◽  
Dascha Dipokarto
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Total N ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mixed Groups

The present study examined differences in three types of jealousy (reactive, anxious, and preventive jealousy) between the major ethnic groups in Surinam (Maroons, Creoles, Hindustani, Javanese, and Mixed). About 100 participants from each ethnic group (total n = 500) were interviewed. Results showed differences between the groups in anxious and preventive jealousy, but not in reactive jealousy. More specifically, Maroons reported most anxious and preventive jealousy, followed by Creoles, and Javanese. The Hindustani and Mixed groups reported the lowest levels of anxious and preventive jealousy. These results did not alter after controlling for demographic variables. In addition, differences in jealousy could not be explained by differences between the groups in intrasexual competitiveness and attitudes toward multiple sexual relationships. Findings suggest that whereas preventive jealousy and anxious jealousy are sensitive to cultural influences, reactive jealousy is not. Future studies may further explore the variables that may explain differences in jealousy between ethnic groups in Surinam.

scholarly journals Trends in Cigar Use in the United States, 2002–2016: Diverging Trends by Race/Ethnicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Cristine D Delnevo ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Although there are racial/ethnic differences in cigarette use, little is known about how non-cigarette tobacco use differs among racial/ethnic groups. This study investigated trends in cigar use from 2002 to 2016, by racial/ethnic group, in nationally representative US data. Methods Data were drawn from the 2002–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use data files (total analytic sample n = 630 547 including 54 060 past-month cigar users). Linear time trends of past-month cigar use were examined by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity) using logistic regression models. Results In 2016, the prevalence of past-month cigar use was significantly higher among NH Black respondents than among other racial/ethnic groups (ps < .001). Cigar use was also higher among NH White respondents than among Hispanic and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents. The year by racial/ethnic group interaction was significant (p < .001). Past-month cigar use decreased significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH White and Hispanic respondents (ps = .001), whereas no change in prevalence was observed among NH Black (p = .779) and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents (p = .152). Cigar use decreased for NH White men (p < .001) and did not change for NH White women (p = .884). Conversely, cigar use increased for NH Black women (p < .001) and did not change for NH Black men (p = .546). Conclusions Cigar use remains significantly more common among NH Black individuals in the United States and is not declining among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity individuals over time, in contrast to declines among NH White and Hispanic individuals. Implications This study identified racial/ethnic differences in trends in past-month cigar use over 15 years among annual cross-sectional samples of US individuals. The highest prevalence of cigar use in 2016 was found among NH Black individuals. In addition, cigar use prevalence did not decline from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity groups over time, in contrast to NH White and Hispanic groups. Further, cigar use increased over time for NH Black women. Targeted public health and clinical efforts may be needed to decrease the prevalence of cigar use, especially for NH Black individuals.

scholarly journals Ethnic variations in pathways into early intervention services for psychosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Ghali ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
John Joyce ◽  
Barnaby Major ◽  
Lorna Hobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Black Patient ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Intervention Services ◽  
Ethnic Variations

BackgroundEthnic variations have previously been identified in the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and pathways into psychiatric services. These have not been examined in the context of early intervention services, which may alter these trajectories.AimsTo explore ethnic differences in the nature and duration of pathways into early intervention services.MethodIn a naturalistic cohort study, data were collected for 1024 individuals with psychotic disorders accepted for case management by eight London early intervention services.ResultsDuration of untreated psychosis was prolonged in the White British group compared with most other ethnic groups. White British individuals were more likely to make contact with their general practitioner and less likely to be seen within emergency medical services. All Black patient groups were more likely than their White British counterparts to experience involvement of criminal justice agencies.ConclusionsVariations continue to exist in how and when individuals from different ethnic groups access early intervention services. These may account for disparities in DUP.

Striking ethnic variations in the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in Haifa District, Israel, throughout the years 2001–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396
Author(s):  
Khalaf Kridin ◽  
Mogher Khamaisi ◽  
Shmuel Rishpon ◽  
Rami Grifat
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Ethnic Variations

Our objectives were to examine trends in the incidence of chlamydia over an extended period and compare the epidemiology of the infection between two distinct ethnic groups in Israel: Jews and Arabs. We examined the incidence rate of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among residents of Haifa District, northern Israel from 2001 to 2015, by reviewing archives of the Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health. Notified cases were stratified by age group, gender, and ethnic group. The overall incidence rate of Chlamydia was 10.8 cases per 100,000 population per year. The annual rate increased dramatically from 5.1 per 100,000 population in 2001, to an all-time high of 18.5 cases per 100,000 population in 2015 (P < 0.001), representing an increase of 362.7%. The most affected age group was 25–34 years of age. The estimated rate among Jewish inhabitants was ninefold higher than among Arabs. Only 3% recurrent episodes of Chlamydia were registered. The prevalence of HIV positivity among Chlamydia-infected patients was similar to that of the general population. In conclusion, Chlamydia in Haifa has been continuously increasing since 2001 and the infection is much more prevalent among patients of Jewish ethnicity, mainly due to more hazardous sexual practices in this population.

scholarly journals Complex differences in infection rates between ethnic groups in Scotland: a retrospective, national census-linked cohort study of 1.65 million cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Gruer ◽  
G I Cézard ◽  
L A Wallace ◽  
S J Hutchinson ◽  
A F Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Ethnic Variations

Abstract Background Ethnicity can influence susceptibility to infection, as COVID-19 has shown. Few countries have systematically investigated ethnic variations in infection. Methods We linked the Scotland 2001 Census, including ethnic group, to national databases of hospitalizations/deaths and serological diagnoses of bloodborne viruses for 2001–2013. We calculated age-adjusted rate ratios (RRs) in 12 ethnic groups for all infections combined, 15 infection categories, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. Results We analysed over 1.65 million infection-related hospitalisations/deaths. Compared with White Scottish, RRs for all infections combined were 0.8 or lower for Other White British, Other White and Chinese males and females, and 1.2–1.4 for Pakistani and African males and females. Adjustment for socioeconomic status or birthplace had little effect. RRs for specific infection categories followed similar patterns with striking exceptions. For HIV, RRs were 136 in African females and 14 in males; for HBV, 125 in Chinese females and 59 in males, 55 in African females and 24 in males; and for HCV, 2.3–3.1 in Pakistanis and Africans. Conclusions Ethnic differences were found in overall rates and many infection categories, suggesting multiple causative pathways. We recommend census linkage as a powerful method for studying the disproportionate impact of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Suhail Ismail Shiekh ◽  
Sharon Louise Cadogan ◽  
Liang-Yu Lin ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
White Ethnic

Background: Globally around 50 million people have dementia. Risk factors for dementia such as hypertension and diabetes are more common in Black, Asian, and other ethnic minorities. There are also marked ethnic inequalities in care seeking, likelihood of diagnosis, and uptake of treatments for dementia. Nevertheless, ethnic differences in dementia incidence and prevalence remain under-explored. Objective: To examine published peer-reviewed observational studies comparing age-specific or age-adjusted incidence or prevalence rates of dementia between at least two ethnic groups. Methods: We searched seven databases on 1 September 2019 using search terms for ethnicity, dementia, and incidence or prevalence. We included population-based studies comparing incidence or prevalence of dementia after accounting for age of at least two ethnic groups in adults aged 18 or more. Meta-analysis was conducted for eligible ethnic comparisons. Results: We included 12 cohort studies and seven cross-sectional studies. Thirteen were from the US, and two studies each from the UK, Singapore, and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. The pooled risk ratio for dementia incidence obtained from four studies comparing Black and White ethnic groups was 1.33 (95% CI 1.07–1.65; I-squared = 58.0%). The pooled risk ratio for dementia incidence comparing the Asian and White ethnic groups was 0.86 (95% CI 0.728–1.01; I-squared = 43.9%). There was no difference in the incidence of dementia for Latino ethnic group compared to the White ethnic group. Conclusion: Evidence to date suggest there are ethnic differences in risk of dementia. Better understanding of the drivers of these differences may inform efforts to prevent or treat dementia.

scholarly journals Invited commentary on … Ethnic variations in pathways into early intervention services for psychosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Warner
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Intervention Services ◽  
Ethnic Variations ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis

SummaryAdvocates of early intervention in psychosis choose to treat the association between long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and poor outcome as evidence that reducing DUP will improve outcomes. I question this view and argue that DUP does not predict outcome but rather that mode of onset of psychosis predicts DUP and outcome.

An Ethnic Comparison of Parent Participation and Information Needs in Early Intervention

1994 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Curry Sontag ◽  
Robert Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Parent Participation ◽  
Parent Perceptions ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Source Of Information

This study investigated ethnic differences in (a) parent perceptions of their information needs and their sources of information, and (b) the nature of parent participation in early intervention and participation preferences. Interviews were conducted with 536 families with infants and toddlers who had developmental problems. Comparative analyses were conducted on white, Hispanic, and American Indian groups. Results suggested the need to provide more and better information to all parents and the importance of medical doctors as a source of information, individualizing the type and source of information to different ethnic groups, and identifying unique strategies to support the participation of parents from different ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in the morphology of the pinna

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1097-1102
Author(s):  
Amir Mumin ◽  
Beda Olabu ◽  
Kevin Ongeti ◽  
Hassan Saidi
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Ethnic Variations

Metric features of the ear are important for diagnosis of congenital malformations, pre-operative planning and design of hearing devices. Non-metric features including earlobe attachment is a marker of population genetics. Although these features vary with sex and populations, it’s unclear whether they show ethnic variations. This study describes ethnic differences in the morphology of the pinna. Both ears of one hundred and forty-eight (148) medical students (80males and 68 females) [recruited from four ethnic groups: Kenyan Indian, Kenyan Arab, Kikuyu and Luhya] were studied. Ear projection, heights and widths of ear, earlobe and concha were measured. For the Kenyan Indians, Arabs, Kikuyus and Luhyas respectively, proportion of free earlobes was 70.1%, 48.6%, 37.8%, 43.2%, attached lobes was 21.6% 27.1%, 42.9%, 32.4%. Mean earlobe height was 18.2mm, 16.7mm, 15.8mm, 15.8mm (p=0.001), ear projection at mid-tragus was 14.5mm, 13.5mm, 12.5mm, 12.6mm (p=0.035). Ethnic differences are present in earlobe height, attachment type and ear projection at mid-tragus. Earlobe height among indigenous Kenyans is significantly smaller compared to Kenyan Indians and Arabs. The attached earlobe is most prevalent among Kenyan indigenous while the free earlobe is most prevalent among Kenyan Indians. These features ought to be considered in aesthetic reconstruction of ear during earlobe rejuvenation and correction of projected ears.Keywords: Pinna morphology, Ethnic difference, Variations

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