CD4/CD8 ratio improvement in HIV-1-infected patients receiving dual antiretroviral treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Monsalvo ◽  
Alejandro Vallejo ◽  
María Fontecha ◽  
María J Vivancos ◽  
Pilar Vizcarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Aids Diagnosis ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

The CD4/CD8 ratio is an indirect marker of immune activation, immune senescence, and inflammation in HIV infection. We performed a prospective study of the CD4/CD8 ratio evolution in 245 virally-suppressed (median, 55 months) HIV-infected patients (29% females) who had switched to four dual antiretroviral regimens. At baseline, the median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.71 (interquartile range, IQR, 0.46–0.97), associated with duration of HIV infection, nadir CD4+ cell count, and AIDS diagnosis. It was lower in the case of hepatitis C virus coinfection and cardiovascular disease (p = 0.09), but the ratio was higher in patients with chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, or osteoporosis. At 48 weeks, the median CD4/CD8 ratio increased by 3% (+0.02; IQR, –0.07, +0.09; p = 0.07); greater improvement was observed in patients with lower baseline ratios and previous AIDS diagnosis. The slope of increase was slower in patients with the highest baseline values. Also, there were no differences in the CD4/CD8 ratio increase according to type of dual regimen, after adjusting for baseline and HIV-related values. In conclusion, CD4/CD8 ratio increase is observed during suppressive dual regimens, and its extent is related to baseline values and previous HIV-related factors. Longer duration on antiretroviral therapy and drug toxicity could affect the evolution of this marker in the presence of comorbidities.

Syphilis infection does not affect immunodeficiency progression in HIV-infected men who have sex with men in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
Liping Huang ◽  
Weibin Cheng ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Yuanhao Liang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is expected to play a role in HIV-1-related immunodeficiency progression; however, studies involving syphilis/HIV co-infection have not been conclusive. We investigated the factors associated with co-infection of syphilis and HIV and to assess the effect of syphilis on HIV progression in the context of HIV-1 diversity in an observational cohort of 246 newly-diagnosed HIV-infected but antiretroviral therapy-naive men who have sex with men enrolled in Guangzhou, China between 2008 and 2012. CD4+ cell counts of all the participants were measured from the time of diagnosis until 2015 with an average of 32 ± 18 months. Logistic analysis indicated that patients with syphilis/HIV co-infection were more likely to be older with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.48 (95% CI: 1.28–4.80) for those aged between 31 and 40 years and 3.20 (1.11–9.22) for those aged ≥40 years as compared to 16–30  year-olds. The AOR of patients infected with HIV-1 CRF07_BC as compared to CRF01_AE was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.01–4.53). Co-infection of syphilis and HIV was associated with lower baseline CD4+ cell count (0.45, 95% CI: 0.22–0.94), but was not associated with HIV disease progression (HR: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86–1.23) based on Kaplan–Meier analysis. Our results provide new evidence about the interaction between syphilis and HIV and indicate differential rates of immunodeficiency progression as a function of HIV-1 genetic diversity.

Estimating duration of HIV infection with CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA at presentation

AIDS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 2201-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Girardi ◽  
Claudio Arici ◽  
Michele Ferrara ◽  
Diego Ripamonti ◽  
Maria Stella Aloisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Dermatologic Findings in HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Prospective Study with Emphasis on CD4+ Cell Count

Dermatology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Reynaud-Mendel ◽  
M. Janier ◽  
J. Gerbaka ◽  
C. Hakim ◽  
C. Rabian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Comparison of Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection Among Women by Risk Group, CD4+ Cell Count, and HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Rompalo ◽  
Jacquie Astemborski ◽  
Ellie Schoenbaum ◽  
Paula Schuman ◽  
Charles Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

Factors associated with late presentation of HIV infection in Catalonia, Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Vives ◽  
D Carnicer-Pont ◽  
P Garcia De Olalla ◽  
N Camps ◽  
A Esteve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Cd4 Cell

We sought to describe the prevalence, trends and factors associated with late diagnosis of HIV infection between 2001 and 2008 in Catalonia, Spain. Adults over 13 years of age with available CD4 cell counts, who were notified to the Catalonia Voluntary HIV Surveillance System between January 2001 and December 2008, were included in the study. Late presentation for HIV infection was defined as a CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL or with an AIDS-defining condition at presentation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with late diagnosis of HIV. Of the 4651 newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals with available CD4 counts, 2598 (55.9%) were diagnosed late. The proportion of people with a late diagnosis decreased from 60.4% in 2001 to 50% in 2008, a significant trend ( P < 0.001). Older age, male gender, foreign birth, heterosexuality and injecting drug use were independent risk factors for late diagnosis. Strategies to actively promote HIV testing to populations at risk of late diagnosis of HIV or those never attending health systems should be implemented.

Amount of lymphatic tissue fibrosis in HIV infection predicts magnitude of HAART-associated change in peripheral CD4 cell count

AIDS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 2169-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W Schacker ◽  
Cavan Reilly ◽  
Gregory J Beilman ◽  
Jodie Taylor ◽  
David Skarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Fibrosis ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Patterns of Use and Outcomes in Patients Treated with Etravirine in the HIV Research Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kelly Gebo ◽  
Cindy Voss ◽  
Joseph Mrus ◽  
HIV Research Network
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Regimen Change ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

This observational analysis examined the clinical outcomes of patients receiving etravirine-(ETR-) based therapy, particularly with protease inhibitors (PIs) other than darunavir (DRV) and with raltegravir (RAL). Data included treatment-experienced adults in the HIV Research Network who began ETR-containing antiretroviral regimens in 2008–2010. The primary objective was to assess 6-month outcomes (durability, i.e., still on an ETR-containing regimen; change in CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL). The cohort included 587 patients receiving ETR; 42% of ETR use was in patients not on DRV/ritonavir (r). Patients receiving ETR plus DRV/r had longer durability versus those on ETR plus a PI other than DRV/r at months 6 (91.2% versus 85.5%) and 12 (77.4% versus 65.2%), respectively. Patients on regimens with a PI other than DRV/r were the least likely to be receiving ETR at month 6 (85.5%) versus patients on other ETR-based regimens. Patients on regimens without a PI and without RAL had lower virologic suppression (month 6, 54.2%; month 12, 63.2%) versus patients on other ETR-based regimens. In a clinical care, nontrial setting, ETR was used in regimens without DRV/r. In this population, the 6-month response rates were similar and durable across all regimens, except when ETR was used without RAL and without a PI.

scholarly journals Case report of three consecutive lues maligna infections in an HIV-infected patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Sammet ◽  
Rika Draenert
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Lues maligna is a rare presentation of an infection with Treponema pallidum. Here we report three lues maligna infections with severe dermatological manifestations in a single HIV-1 infected individual. Despite the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy and a substantial increase in CD4 cell count after the first episode, he developed consecutive episodes. We assume a specific immunological predisposition to react to T. pallidum in this patient.

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