ʿAṣfūriyyeh: A History of Madness, Modernity, and War in the Middle East

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110284
Author(s):  
Joelle M Abi-Rached
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political History ◽  
State Building ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Medical Authority ◽  
Empire State Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Theory ◽  
The Impact

My book, published in 2020, reconstructs the history of ʿAṣfūriyyeh, one of the first ‘modern’ mental hospitals in the Middle East. It uses the rise and fall of this institution as a lens through which to examine the development of modern psychiatric theory and practice in the region as well as the socio-political history of modern Lebanon. ʿAṣfūriyyeh becomes a window into social-policy questions relating to dependency and welfare, definitions of deviance, the relation of mission to empire, state-building processes, and the relation of medical authority to religion. The book also examines the impact of war on health and healthcare infrastructures. Reflecting on the afterlife of this and other institutions, the book calls for a new ‘ethics of memory.’

scholarly journals Terror and Insecurity: The Impact of Boko Haram Crisis on Nigeria’s External Image

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebowale Adeyemi-Suenu
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strategic Logic

The use of terror as a ratio for resolving internal fundamental differences is not uncommon in neo-colonial societies. This is not saying that flashes of same are not recogn ised in the developed environment. The prevalence of this alternative appears as old as the political history of Nigeria. This work underscores the theoretical and historical basis of rebellion in Nigeria primarily focusing on the rise, fundamental philosophy and the vision of the Boko Haramists. The central thesis of this work is that Boko Haram activities have negative effects on Nigeria’s external image and fundamentally, it exposes the nature and dynamics of Nigeria’s security problems. The work contributes in part to the literature on this issue but significantly, it situates the problems within strategic logic which amplifies the degeneration of the problems and the incessant rebellion against the Nigerian State.

International processes in Latin America: the legacy of the Comintern and new challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Anton Andreev ◽  
◽  
Daria Pravdiuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Impact

The activities of the Third (Communist) International left a noticeable mark on the political history of Latin America. His ideological, organizational legacy remains a factor in shaping the theory and practice of contemporary leftist governments in the region. This article examines the impact of the legacy of the Comintern on international processes in Latin America, the development of integration projects, foreign policy projects of the left forces of the region. On the basis of archival documents, media materials, documents of parties and governments, the authors show which of the foreign policy guidelines of the Comintern are relevant for the region in the 21st century.

2. Feminist and Activist Approaches to Human Rights

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ackerly Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Political History ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Moral Legitimacy ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores the theoretical and political history of human rights that emerges out of the struggles that have been waged by feminists and other non-elites. It first considers the bases for the moral legitimacy of human rights and challenges to those arguments before discussing three aspects of feminist approaches to human rights: their criticism of some aspects of the theory and practice of human rights, their rights claims, and their conceptual contributions to a theory of human rights. It then examines the ways in which feminists and other activists for marginalized groups have used human rights in their struggles and how such struggles have in turn shaped human rights theory. It also analyses theoretical and historical objections to the universality of human rights based on cultural relativism. Finally, it shows that women’s rights advocates want rights enjoyment and not merely entitlements.

Why there is (almost) no Christian Democracy in post-communist Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Grzymala-Busse
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
State Building ◽  
Church Conflict ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Religiosity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Considerable Range

Compared to its West European counterparts, post-communist Christian Democracy is notable for its lack of success. Even in the most religious of post-communist democracies, no Christian Democratic (CD) party has claimed a plurality of the electorate. At the same time, there is a considerable range in average electoral support from 1990 to 2010, i.e. from 0.7 percent in Estonia to as high as 18.4 percent in Slovakia. The most successful CD parties have arisen in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Lithuania, and (with qualifications) in Macedonia. The reasons for this success lie not in popular religiosity, state–church conflict or alliances between CD parties and churches. Instead, where parties can point to a history of nation and state-building in the inter-war period, they receive an initial electoral boost from this historical legacy. Yet even these favourable historical reputations have transitory effects: by the second or third elections, the impact of inter-war support rapidly faded.

scholarly journals The Middle East and Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Philipp Bruckmayr
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Political History ◽  
West African ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
American Power ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arab States

The title at hand is a valuable and timely edited volume that sheds light onthe economic, political, literary, social, cultural, religious, and historical connectionsbetween Brazil and the Middle East. Whereas the Middle East in thisrespect primarily means the area historically referred to as bilād al-shām (i.e.,Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Israel), the book also tackles the historicallinkages among Brazil, Muslim Andalusia, and West Africa. Structurally,the volume is divided into three parts, which are preceded by anintroduction by the editor.Part 1, “South-South Relations, Security Politics, Diplomatic History,”includes five papers, the first four of which are more or less straightforwardtreatments of political history/science. Paul Amar sketches the dynamic strategicchanges in policy toward the region and hegemonic American power duringthe early presidency of Dilma Rousseff (2010-13) in the face of majorchanges in the Middle East that rendered her continuation of the “handshakepolitics” that her predecessor Lula had extended toward the now-crumblingdictatorial regimes unfeasible. In the following chapter, Paulo Daniel EliasFarah discusses one of the fruits of Lula’s endeavors: the formation of theSummit of South America-Arab States in 2003. He situates this diplomaticconcord within a long history of contacts between Brazil and the Arab/Muslimworld as well as the transnational flows of forced and free migration, as epitomizedby the presence of enslaved West African Muslims and then, later on,Syro-Lebanese settlers in Brazil.Carlos Ribeiro Santana’s contribution sheds light on Brazil’s pragmatismin fostering relationships with the Middle East to secure its oil supplies againstthe background of the energy crises of the 1970s. This thread is also pickedup in the following paper by Monique Sochaczweski, which details how thesevery configurations caused Brazil to abandon its “equidistance” policy ...

Will New Blood in the Leadership Produce New Blood on the Battlefield? The Impact of Regime Changes on Middle East Military Rivalries

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Tures
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

The Middle East has witnessed a recent spate of alterations in rulers and regimes. These new leaders are coming to power in countries having a history of international conflict with other states in the region. Will the change in government exacerbate interstate crises, producing disputes and wars? Or will the nascent leadership steer their countries to peace, choosing instead to focus on an internal consolidation of power? To answer this question, this article examines the theories of foreign policy behavior of new leaders. It discusses the results of a quantitative analysis of an earlier time frame: the initial years of the Cold War. The article then conducts a series of case study analyses of contemporary times to determine if the theory and prior statistical tests remain valid. The results show that new administrations are more likely to target rivals with a threat, display, or limited use of force. Such incoming leaders, however, seem reluctant to drag their countries into a full-scale war. These findings hold for a variety of countries in a number of different contexts. Such results are relevant for Middle East scholars, conflict mediators, as well as American foreign policymakers who seem to have adopted a taste for regime change in the region.

A CASTLE IN A STATE OF LONG-TERM RUIN AND MEASURES AIMED AT ITS PRESERVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gavryliv К.-T. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Building Standards ◽  
Conservation Method

In the article, the definitions “castle in a state of long-term ruin” and “architectural revitalization” are given. A list of measures aimed at preserving architectural monuments from the standpoint of their application on castles in a state of long-term ruin is considered. The definitions characterizing permissible activities on architectural monuments specified in the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Cultural Heritage” and restoration State Building Standards, however, in theory and practice, much more concepts are used, since the regulated terms do not cover the entire range of possibilities for the preservation and development of architectural monuments. In their works, M. Bevz, A. Rybchynskyi, O. Plamenytska, P. Molski highlight measures for the preservation of architectural monuments. Analyzing the history of the founding of defensive castles, their further restructuring and decline, we form a definition: a castle in a state of long-term ruin is a castle, as a result of destruction during a siege or loss of its defensive functions in the 16th-17th centuries was abandoned without acquiring new owners fell and came to the state of ruin that we can observe today. Looking at conservation measures using the example of castles in a state of long-term ruin, we state the following positions: The conservation method is the main point for keeping castles in a state of long-term ruin. The restoration can only be applied fragmentarily, since a holistic restoration is akin to restoration, which is an unacceptable step, given the lack of sufficient information about the original appearance of the structure. Museumification is excellent, as a method of bringing a castle in ruins to a state suitable for an excursion visit, as well as designation, as a subspecies of museumification, accompanied by both information stands and tracing of foundations reveals the planning structure of the monument. Revitalization measures aimed at revitalizing the degraded space, and renovations, which give an authentic building a touch of novelty and emphasize the period of intervention in the monument are also important. In general, the idea of preserving the castle in a state of long-term ruin should be based on three main positions such as conservation, fragmentary restoration and revitalization, that is, preserving the authentic component and returning life to the object.

THE HISTORY OF STATE BUILDING IN THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mints ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political History ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Building ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of

This review article deals with a collection of essays published in «Europe-Asia Studies», vol. 71, N 6 (2019), the authors of which are analyzing Stalinism as a specific exemplar of state-building. Their research is based on various concepts of modern social sciences, especially on the theory of the developmental state. The authors show the new opportunities provided by such an approach and suggest the main directions of further study of the political history of the USSR from this point of view.

A Political History of Council Estates: Council Estates as State-Building Projects

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-57
Author(s):  
Insa Lee Koch
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
State Building ◽  
State Control ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Central Pillar

Chapter 1 provides a political history of council estates. Built in the inter- and post-war decades as homes for the working classes, council estates have often been seen as a central pillar of the British welfare state. This chapter argues that far from being only about the provision of bricks and mortar, council estates were always projects of state-building that were tied to class segregation and class control. In the post-war decades, paternalistic policies ensured that working-class tenants were living up to state-sponsored standards of respectability. This legacy of classed state control became more pronounced under neoliberal governance in the 1980s, and from the mid-1990s onwards, under the ‘law and order’ state, and most recently, with the shift to ‘austerity politics’. A political history of council estates challenges the dichotomy of a ‘golden era’ of post-war social democracy and the subsequent punitive turn by foregrounding a legacy of classed control both across historical periods and across areas of policy making that are not often considered together.

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