Late Neolithic plant subsistence and farming activities on the southern margins of the Massif Central (France)

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-617
Author(s):  
Laurent Bouby ◽  
Marinval Philippe ◽  
Rovira Núria
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Correspondence Factor Analysis ◽  
Littoral Area ◽  
By Products

Seed and fruit remains from archaeological sites provide the most direct source of evidence on ancient crops and plant food resources. Earlier studies on late Neolithic sites (3500–2200 BC) in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley areas focused on cave and rock-shelter sites. Here, we discuss new and previously published archaeobotanical evidence from open-air settlements, which should be considered as more representative of the standard subsistence and farming economy. Patterns in the data have been analyzed through sample densities, diversity index, taxa ubiquities, and abundance by means of correspondence factor analysis. Contrary to what is assumed in other Western European regions for that period, the available dataset indicates that cereals were consumed and therefore probably cultivated on a regular basis in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley. The range of crops and collected wild fruits was the same in both areas but certain differences existed. As in other regions, einkorn played a significant role during the late Neolithic, but it was more common in the Hérault valley than in the Grands Causses plateaux. On the other hand, the collection of wild fruits seemed to be of more importance in the hinterland than in the littoral area. The more striking difference concerns crop processing activities and the use of glume wheat by-products. They are much more common in the Grands Causses samples.

scholarly journals Diversity in substance use behaviour among street children of Delhi under Bayesian paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Verma ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anju Dhawan ◽  
Dilip C. Nath
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bayesian Paradigm ◽  
Shannon’S Index ◽  
Classical Estimate ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Age Profile

Abstract Background Shannon’s index is one of the measures of biodiversity, which is intended to quantify both richness and evenness of the species/individuals in the ecosystem or community. However, application of Shannon’s index in the field of substance use among the street children has not been done till date. Methods This paper is concerned with methods of estimating Shannon’s diversity index (SDI), which can be used to capture the variation in the population due to certain characteristics. Under the consideration that the probability of abundance, based on certain characteristics in the population, is a random phenomenon, we derive a Bayesian estimate in connection with Shannon’s information measure and their properties (mean and variance), by using a probability matching prior, through simulation and compared it with those of the classical estimates of Shannon. The theoretical framework has been applied to the primary survey data of substance use among the street children in Delhi, collected during 2015. The measure of diversity was estimated across different age profiles and districts. Results The results unrevealing the diversity estimate for street children corresponding to each region of Delhi, under both the classical and Bayesian paradigms. Although the estimates were close to one another, a striking difference was noted in the age profile of children. Conclusions The Bayesian methodology provided evidence for a greater likelihood of finding substance-using street children, belonging to the lower age group (7-10, maximum Bayesian entropy-3.73), followed by the middle (11-14) and upper age group (15-18). Moreover, the estimated variance under the Bayesian paradigm was lesser than that of the classical estimate. There is ample scope for further refinement in these estimates, by considering more covariates that may have a possible role in initiating substance use among street children in developing countries like India.

scholarly journals EXCAVATIONS OF KASTYKI BARROW CEMETERY IN THE VILIYA UPPER REACHES IN 1973

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
M. A. Plavinski ◽  
M. I. Stsiapanava
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The West ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

The complex of archaeological monuments near the village Kastyki of the Viliejka district of the Minsk region consists of an Old Rus’ barrow cemetery and an open settlement, which functioned from the late Neolithic period to the third quarter of the 1st millennium AD. The complex of archaeological sites under the question is located in the eastern part of the village Kastyki in the upper reaches of the Vilija, on its right bank, 2.5 km from the confluence of the Servač River into Vilija River. For the first time, studies at Kastyki were carried out by K. Tyszkiewicz in 1856, when he excavated here one partially destroyed mound, containing neither traces of burial nor burial goods. In 1973, J. Zviaruha conducted a study of the barrow cemetery in Kastyki and excavated here 7 burial mounds. This article is devoted to the publication of materials from the Kastyki barrow cemetery, which took place in 1973 under the direction of J. Zviaruha. The focus is on rethinking the results of the 1973 excavations in the light of new research conducted in 2016 and 2018. The analysis of materials from the excavation of the burial mound, carried out in 1973, suggests that the necropolis functioned during the middle of the 11th—12th centuries. It belonged to a group of residents of the Polatsk land, who made burials according to the rites of inhumation on the basis of burial mounds, with their heads directed to the west. This, in turn, suggests that the members of the Old Rus’ community, which left the necropolis in Kastyki, had a certain understanding of the Christian burial rites.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Local Community's About Diversity of Mangrove Ecological Potential for Ecotourism Development in the South Coast of Lombok Island, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Lalu Raftha Patech ◽  
Kumala Ratna Dewi ◽  
Zulhalifah Zulhalifah ◽  
Abdul Syukur ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Association Index ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Bird Watching ◽  
By Products ◽  
Mangrove Conservation

The utilization of the coastal environment is still dominated by-products and has not yet switched to ecosystem service products, such as the use of mangrove ecosystems as ecotourism. This study aims to assess the local community's perception of the potential diversity that becomes an object for the community's economy. The research method uses surveys, observations, and interviews for social data, while the ecological data use transect and quadratic methods. Furthermore, data analysis used descriptive statistics. In addition, ecological data were analyzed using density (Ki), relative frequency (FR), diversity (H') of mangroves, and ecological indexes (Diversity (H'), Evenness (E), Dominance (D)). The results of the study found six mangrove species, ten echinoderm species, and thirteen bivalves. The highest diversity index (H') was in Poton Bako 1.80 and the Evenness index ranged from 0.80 – 0.98 with a stable category. Biota relative dominance the association index of echinoderms is high 0.79–0.11. Meanwhile, the bivalves Dominance index of 0.03-0.11 was low. In addition, local community's perception of mangrove conservation for ecotourism, 63% of the community stated, 7% is not possible and 30% is not. The feasible value of mangrove development is 62%, 17% is not feasible and 21% does not know. The priority developed by Eduwisata is 48%, Bird Watching is 20% and Tracking is 32%. The conclusion is that the choice of using mangrove ecosystem services can be developed as a policy in overcoming economic threats and the vulnerability of marine biota as well as solutions for local communities.

scholarly journals Reconstructing late Neolithic plant economies at the Eastern Adriatic site of Velištak (5th millennium cal BC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Reed ◽  
Emil Podrug
Keyword(s):  
Wild Plants ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Archaeobotanical Remains

The archaeobotanical remains from Velištak are the first evidence of plant economies from an open-air settlement dating to the late Neolithic Hvar culture in Croatia (c. 4900–4000 cal BC). The results presented here are from the 2007–2013 field seasons. Based on an examination of carbonised macro-remains, it is suggested that emmer, einkorn, and barley were the main crops at Velištak, along with lentils, bitter vetch, and possibly peas and flax. Wild plants were also exploited, with evidence of wild fruits, such as cornelian cherry. Similarities with archaeobotanical finds from the early/middle Neolithic (c. 6000–4900 cal BC) also suggest that plant economies remained relatively unchanged during the Neolithic.

scholarly journals Ground stone technology in context: Consumption of grinding tools and social practice at Neolithic Avgi, NW Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Tasos Bekiaris
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Northwestern Greece ◽  
By Products

Excavations at the Neolithic site of Avgi (Middle-Late Neolithic, circa 5700-4500 cal. BCE) in the Kastoria region, northwestern Greece, brought to light one of the largest ground stone assemblages known from Neolithic Greece. More than 8000 ground stone tools and objects, raw materials and by-products comprise a valuable record for investigating various aspects of ground stone technology (production, consumption, discard), while their rich contextual information provides an ideal opportunity for addressing its significance for Neolithic societies. This paper examines the presence of grinding tools (stable grinding slabs and mobile grinders, their raw materials and by-products) within different spatiotemporal contexts (habitational phases, buildings, open areas, pits). Through the detailed technological and contextual analysis of the grinding artifacts we seek to explore different aspects of their biographies, related to their manufacture, use, maintenance, destruction and discard, within the context of a single Neolithic community. The goal is to shed light on the multiple ways through which the Neolithic society of Avgi consumed those technological products in various social occasions, practices and places (e.g., daily routine activities, special events of communal or symbolic character, individual houses and communal activity areas) and explore their role in the formation of social identities and the production of social meaning.

Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic socio-economical dynamics in Northern Iberia. A multi-isotope study on diet and provenance from Santimamiñe and Pico Ramos archaeological sites (Basque Country, Spain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaskun Sarasketa-Gartzia ◽  
Vanessa Villalba-Mouco ◽  
Petrus le Roux ◽  
Álvaro Arrizabalaga ◽  
Domingo C. Salazar-García
Keyword(s):  
Basque Country ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Isotope Study

Characterization and Palaeoecological Significance of Archaeological Charcoal Assemblages during Late and Post-Glacial Phases in Southern France

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Heinz ◽  
Stéphanie Thiébault
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Charcoal Analysis ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Correspondence Factor Analysis

Archaeological sites at Abeurador and Font-Juvénal have produced extensive charcoal-rich horizons. The results of the charcoal analysis, based on the identification of woody species from anatomical features, contribute to the elaboration of plain phases within the development of vegetation in southern France. They are presented here in a new diagram and are interpreted as four major vegetation phases from 11,00014C yr B.P. to the recent past. In order to interpret the palaeoecological significance of the charcoal assemblages we have used multivariate analysis. The data base consists of 42 taxa and 48 archaeological levels. The division into four vegetation phases based on analytical interpretation is complemented by the more synthetic interpretation based on correspondence factor analysis (CFA). The results reveal the patterns of the vegetation history over the last 11 millennia, each being characterized by a key plant species.

scholarly journals MONUMENTS AND LANDSCAPE: INVESTIGATING A PREHISTORIC MONUMENT COMPLEX AT LOCHBROW, DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Kirsty Millican ◽  
Helen Goodchild ◽  
Dorothy Graves McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Landscape Context ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper presents the results of a survey project investigating a complex of prehistoric archaeological sites at Lochbrow, in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. An Early Neolithic timber cursus, Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age timber circles and Bronze Age round barrows were first recorded as cropmarks on aerial photographs in the 1980s and 1990s. The Lochbrow Landscape Project set out to investigate and understand this lesser-known complex of prehistoric sites and their layout in the landscape using non-destructive survey techniques, including geophysical survey, experiential survey and re-assessment of aerial photographs. A pilot survey was undertaken in 2010 followed by a series of short field seasons from 2011 to 2015. Interpretation of the results from geophysical survey has proved challenging because of strong geological and geomorphological signals, but has been successful in detecting both the features known from aerial photographs and additional archaeological features. The simple step of marking out the known archaeology on the ground has provided additional insights into the landscape context of the known monuments and elements of their morphology. This indicates that the monuments were closely tied to their landscape context and that the monument boundaries were used to influence the experience of being within the monuments. Overall, the research has been successful in enriching our understanding of the complex of prehistoric sites known at Lochbrow.

scholarly journals The Main Results of Studies of the Archaeological Complex Kastyki in the Upper Reaches of the Viliya (Minsk Region of the Republic of Belarus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 391-416
Author(s):  
Н. А. Плавинский
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Funerary Rites

Целью публикации является анализ основных результатов раскопок комплекса археологических памятников Костыки Вилейского района Минской области, проводившихся в 1973, 2016 и 2018 гг. Комплекс археологических памятников Костыки состоит из курганного могильника древнерусского времени Костыки и многокультурного открытого поселения Костыки II. Некрополь в Костыках функционировал на протяжении середины XI - XII в. Он принадлежал группе жителей Полоцкой земли, которые имели определенное представление о христианской погребальной обрядности. Многокультурное поселение Костыки II функционировало от эпохи позднего неолита и начала эпохи бронзы до третьей четверти I тысячелетия н. э. The publication's purpose is the analysis of the main results of archaeological sites' excavations in Kastyki, Viliejka district, Minsk region, carried out in 1973, 2016 and 2018. The complex of archaeological monuments of Kastyki consists of the Kastyki barrow cemetery of Old Rus' period and the multicultural open settlement of Kastyki II. The necropolis in Kastyki functioned throughout the middle of the 11 - 12 centuries. It belonged to a group of Polotsk land residents who had some perspective of Christian funerary rites. The multicultural settlement Kastyki II functioned from the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age to the third quarter of the 1st millennium AD.

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