Comparison of Two Methods for Determining the Toxicokinetics of Fluazifop-butyl after Intravenous Dosing in Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Rawlings ◽  
W. McLean Provan ◽  
Martin F. Wilks ◽  
Peter L. Batten
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Elimination Kinetics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
Kinetics Of

1 We have described and compared the use of two blood sampling techniques to measure the kinetics of fluazifop-butyl, a selective herbicide. Following intravenous administration of radiolabelled compound, blood samples were collected from female rats either by tail vein puncture or from chronically implanted catheters inserted in tethered rats. Urine samples were also collected from tethered animals. 2 Both techniques indicate that fluazifop-butyl is rapidly eliminated from blood into urine (t½3-4.5 h) and the overall blood concentration profiles were comparable between the two methods. However, by using cannulated rats, kinetic data were obtained from individual animals, providing. evidence of inter-animal variation and allowing compartmental and statistical analysis. 3 The tethered rat technique is relatively simple and reliable. Compared to tail vein bleeding, results obtained from cannulated animals are more informative, providing comprehensive data from a small number of rats. It is therefore the preferred method for our kinetic based research studies using compounds known to exhibit multicompartmental elimination kinetics.

scholarly journals Bio-equivalence study of two tilmicosin phosphate formulations (Micotil 300® and Cozina 300®) in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elkomy ◽  
Mohamed Aboubakr
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Disposition Kinetics ◽  
Acceptance Range ◽  
Kinetics Of

Background: The present study was designed to assess the comparative bio-equivalence of Micotil 300® and Cozina 300® in healthy broiler chickens after oral administration of both products in a dose of 15 mg tilmicosin base/kg body wt.Methods: Twenty four broiler chickens were divided equally into two groups (12 chickens for each group). The first group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Micotil 300®, while the 2nd group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Cozina 300®. Each broiler chicken in both groups was orally administered with 15 mg tilmicosin/kg body wt. Blood samples were obtained from the wing vein and collected immediately before and at 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after a single oral administration.Results: The disposition kinetics of Micotil 300® and Cozina 300® following oral administration of 15 mg tilmicosin/kg body wt revealed that the maximum blood concentration [Cmax] were 1.73 and 1.67 μg/ml and attained at [tmax] of 2.01 and 2.04 hours, respectively.Conclusions: Cozina 300® is bioequivalent to Micotil 300® since the ratios of Cmax, AUC0-24 andAUC0-∞ (T/R) were 0.96, 0.93 and 0.91 respectively. These are within the bio-equivalence acceptance range. Micotil 300® and Cozina 300® are therefore bioequivalent and interchangeable.

scholarly journals Bioequivalence study of two oral lincomycin formulations (lincopharm 800® and lincoyosr®) in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elkomy ◽  
Mohamed Aboubakr
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Acceptance Range ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present study was designed to assess the comparative bio-equivalence of Lincopharm 800® and Lincoyosr® in healthy broiler chicken after oral administration of both products in a dose of 20 mg lincomycin base/kg b.wt. Twenty four broiler chickens were divided into two groups. The first group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Lincopharm 800®, while the 2nd group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Lincoyosr®. Each broiler chicken in both groups was orally administered with 20 mg lincomycin base/kg b.wt. Blood samples were obtained from the wing vein and collected immediately before and at 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after a single oral administration. The disposition kinetics of Lincopharm 800® and Lincoyosr® following oral administration of 20 mg lincomycin base /kg b.wt, revealed that the maximum blood concentration of lincomycin [Cmax] were 4.81 and 4.62 μg/ml and attained at [tmax] of 1.36 and 1.35 hours, respectively. In conclusion: Lincoyosr® is bioequivalent to Lincopharm 800® since the ratios of Cmax, AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ (T/R) was 0.96, 0.92 and 0.91 respectively. These are within the bioequivalence acceptance range. Lincoyosr® and Lincopharm 800® are therefore bioequivalent and interchangeable.   

scholarly journals Bio-equivalence study of two oral doxycycline formulations (doxycycline kela 75%® and mebcodox 75%®) in broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ashraf El-Komy ◽  
Mohamed Aboubakr
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Disposition Kinetics ◽  
Oral Doxycycline ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Acceptance Range ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present study was designed to assess the comparative bio-equivalence of Doxycycline Kela 75%® and Mebcodox 75%® in healthy broiler chickens after oral administration of both products in a dose of 20 mg doxycycline base/kg.b.wt. Twenty four broiler chickens were divided into two groups. The first group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline Kela 75%®, while the 2nd group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Mebcodox 75%®. Each broiler chickens in both groups were orally administered with 20 mg doxycycline base/kg.b.wt. Blood samples were obtained from the wing vein and collected immediately before and at 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after a single oral administration The disposition kinetics of Doxycycline Kela 75%® and Mebcodox 75%® following oral administration of 20 mg doxycycline base/kg.b.wt. revealed that the maximum blood concentration [Cmax] were 3.35 and 3.28 μg/ml and attained at [tmax] of 0.97 and 0.99 hours, respectively.In conclusion: Mebcodox 75%® is bioequivalent to Doxycycline Kela 75%® since the ratios of Cmax, AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ (T/R) was 0.97, 0.95 and 0.94 respectively. These are within the bioequivalence acceptance range. Mebcodox 75%® and Doxycycline Kela 75%® are therefore bioequivalent and interchangeable.   

Tissue Distribution of125 l-LabeIed Albumin in Rats, and Whole Blood and Exhaled Elimination Kinetics of Octafluoropropane in Anesthetized Canines, Following Intravenous Administration of Optison® (FS069)

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Killam ◽  
Paige M. Mehlhaff ◽  
Paul A. Zavorskas ◽  
Yigal Greener ◽  
Britta A. McFerran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Statistical Moment ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Elimination Kinetics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Mean Residence Times ◽  
Kinetics Of

OPTISON, an agent being developed as an intravenous (IV) ultrasound contrast agent, consists of a suspension of octafluoro-propane(OFP)-containing albumin microspheres. The distribution and elimination of the albumin component and the elimination kinetics of the OFP component of OPTISON (FS069) were studied in the conscious rat and anesthetized canine models, respectively. Radioiodinated OPTISON at 0.25 ml/kg (average dose 5.4 × 107 DPM/rat) and nonradioactive OPTISON, at dosages of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 ml/kg, was administered intravenously to conscious rats or to sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized and ventilated canines, respectively. A separate group of rats was housed in metabolism cages for 24 hours to capture excreted radioactivity. The tissue distribution data for the radiolabeled albumin in rats showed that the 125I activity recovered in the liver was the highest of all the tissues at each timepoint (peak liver radioactivity at 5 minutes with 50.4% of the dose), suggesting that the major route of uptake and metabolism of the radiolabeled albumin shell and its fragments occurred in the liver. The 125I activity was excreted in the urine, where most of the recovered radioactivity (58.3%) was found at the end of 24 hours. In the anesthetized canine study, simultaneous venous blood samples and exhaled air samples plus additional exhaled air samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. OFP was rapidly exhaled through the lungs after an IV injection such that a maximum of less than 10% of the total dose appeared in the venous blood samples. Statistical moment analysis showed rapid OFP elimination with mean residence times of 46, 41, and 38 seconds for the three dosages, and mean total recoveries for the exhaled OFP were 111%, 100.5%, and 121.6%, respectively. OFP was rapidly exhaled through the lungs after OPTISON injection with short mean residence times from statistical moment analysis. Exhaled OFP displayed one-compartment model kinetics with a measurable distribution phase in the blood using classical pharmacokinetic modeling. The albumin component appeared to be cleared primarily by the liver and radioactivity was excreted in the urine.

Kinetics of Various 99mTc-Sn-Pyrophosphate Compounds in the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schümichen ◽  
J. Waiden ◽  
G. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Extravascular Space ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Kinetics Of

SummaryThe kinetic data of two different 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate compounds (compound A and B) were evaluated in non-adult rats. Only compound A concentrated in bone. Both compounds dispersed rapidly in the intravascular as well as the extravascular space. The plasma protein bond of both compounds increased with time after injection and impaired both the renal clearance of both compounds and the bone clearance of compound A. The renal clearance of both compounds was somewhat above that of 5 1Cr-EDTA. It is concluded that compound A and B is mainly excreted by glomerular filtration. About one fourth of the glomerular filtrate of compound B is reabsorbed and accumulated by the tubular cells.

DISAPPEARANCE RATE OF BOVINE PROLACTIN FROM PLASMA OF FEMALE RATS STUDIED AT INTERVALS OF UP TO 160 MINUTES BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. van der Gugten ◽  
H. G. Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT Plasma values resulting from the intravenous administration of 300, 100, 30 and 10 μ of bovine prolactin to rats on day 1 of pregnancy were followed by taking blood samples after 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 minutes respectively. The rate of disappearance was found to be dose-dependent and to vary in time in the same rat. It is suggested that at least two processes of elimination take place: 1. a (possibly excretory) process, which can bring »unphysiologically high« prolactin levels down to approximately its treshold level of 1.7 μg/ml and 2. a process, which breaks down the hormone into »immunoreactive« polypeptides. This process can degrade 10 μg of bovine prolactin quantitatively within 10 minutes, but appears to become rapidly »saturated« by larger amounts of the hormone.

Kinetics of catalytic conversion of methanol at higher pressures

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3402-3407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Bartoň ◽  
Vladimír Pour
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
The Given ◽  
Kinetics Of

The course of the conversion of methanol with water vapour was followed on a low-temperature Cu-Zn-Cr-Al catalyst at pressures of 0.2 and 0.6 MPa. The kinetic data were evaluated together with those obtained at 0.1 MPa and the following equation for the reaction kinetics at the given conditions was derived: r = [p(CH3OH)p(H2O)]0.5[p(H2)]-1.3.

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