Repeated measures discriminant analysis using multivariate generalized estimation equations

2021 ◽  
pp. 096228022110327
Author(s):  
Anita Brobbey ◽  
Samuel Wiebe ◽  
Alberto Nettel-Aguirre ◽  
Colin Bruce Josephson ◽  
Tyler Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Response Distribution ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Correlation Structures ◽  
Repeated Measures Designs ◽  
Mixed Types

Discriminant analysis procedures that assume parsimonious covariance and/or means structures have been proposed for distinguishing between two or more populations in multivariate repeated measures designs. However, these procedures rely on the assumptions of multivariate normality which is not tenable in multivariate repeated measures designs which are characterized by binary, ordinal, or mixed types of response distributions. This study investigates the accuracy of repeated measures discriminant analysis (RMDA) based on the multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) framework for classification in multivariate repeated measures designs with the same or different types of responses repeatedly measured over time. Monte Carlo methods were used to compare the accuracy of RMDA procedures based on GEE, and RMDA based on maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) under diverse simulation conditions, which included number of repeated measure occasions, number of responses, sample size, correlation structures, and type of response distribution. RMDA based on GEE exhibited higher average classification accuracy than RMDA based on MLE especially in multivariate non-normal distributions. Three repeatedly measured responses namely severity of epilepsy, current number of anti-epileptic drugs, and parent-reported quality of life in children with epilepsy were used to demonstrate the application of these procedures.

Serial Position and Sequential Dependencies in Repeated Measures Designs

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-738
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Sequential Dependencies ◽  
Repeated Measures Designs ◽  
To Receive

A scheme for the evaluation of the effects of serial position and sequential dependencies in experiments where repeated measures are made on the same Ss, and where it is possible for S to receive any of these treatments more than once, is presented here. The desirability of examining such effects is discussed, and it is concluded that, where the experimental situation permits, repeated measure plans of the type presented here should be used both because serial-position effects and sequential dependencies are of interest in their own right and because the additional cost in experimenter time is often small.

Increasing Precision without Altering Treatment Effects: Repeated Measures Designs in Survey Experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
SCOTT CLIFFORD ◽  
GEOFFREY SHEAGLEY ◽  
SPENCER PISTON
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Treatment Effect Size ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Repeated Measures Designs ◽  
Alternative Designs

The use of survey experiments has surged in political science. The most common design is the between-subjects design in which the outcome is only measured posttreatment. This design relies heavily on recruiting a large number of subjects to precisely estimate treatment effects. Alternative designs that involve repeated measurements of the dependent variable promise greater precision, but they are rarely used out of fears that these designs will yield different results than a standard design (e.g., due to consistency pressures). Across six studies, we assess this conventional wisdom by testing experimental designs against each other. Contrary to common fears, repeated measures designs tend to yield the same results as more common designs while substantially increasing precision. These designs also offer new insights into treatment effect size and heterogeneity. We conclude by encouraging researchers to adopt repeated measures designs and providing guidelines for when and how to use them.

Impacts on Quality of Life with Escitalopram Monotherapy and Aripiprazole Augmentation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Morton ◽  
Venkat Bhat ◽  
Peter Giacobbe ◽  
Wendy Lou ◽  
Erin E. Michalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptomatic Remission ◽  
Substantial Degree

Abstract Introduction Many individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to initial antidepressant monotherapy. Adjunctive aripiprazole is recommended for treatment non-response; however, the impacts on quality of life (QoL) for individuals who receive this second-line treatment strategy have not been described. Methods We evaluated secondary QoL outcomes in patients with MDD (n=179). After 8 weeks of escitalopram, non-responders (<50% decrease in clinician-rated depression) were treated with adjunctive aripiprazole for 8 weeks (n=97); responders continued escitalopram (n=82). A repeated-measures ANOVA evaluated change in Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Short Form scores. QoL was described relative to normative benchmarks. Results Escitalopram responders experienced the most QoL improvements in the first treatment phase. For non-responders, QoL improved with a large effect during adjunctive aripiprazole treatment. At the endpoint, 47% of patients achieving symptomatic remission still had impaired QoL. Discussion Individuals who were treated with adjunctive aripiprazole after non-response to escitalopram experienced improved QoL, but a substantial degree of QoL impairment persisted. Since QoL deficits may predict MDD recurrence, attention to ways to support this outcome is required.

scholarly journals Firm characteristics and excellence in integrated reporting

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Buitendag ◽  
Gail S. Fortuin ◽  
Amber De Laan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Johannesburg Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
The Board Of Directors

Background: Integrated reporting has attracted much attention in the past few years, and South Africa has taken the lead in its development worldwide. An annual survey is published by Ernst & Young regarding the quality of the integrated reports of the top 100 entities listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE).Aim: The study on which this article is based was aimed at determining whether the assessment of an entity’s characteristics can predetermine the quality of the integrated report generated by that entity. Setting: This article focuses on an analysis of the integrated reporting of the top 100 entities listed on JSE for the financial years ending in 2013, 2014 and 2015.Methods: Comparison of categorical variables, mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA and generalised estimating equations were applied to identify the best classificators to distinguish between excellent integrated reporting and those reports where progress could still be made. Results: The results show that the type of industry the entity finds itself in, the size and profitability of the entity, as well as the composition of the members of the board, have an effect on the quality of the integrated report.Conclusion: Our results indicated that the type of industry, size of an entity, the profitability and composition of the board of directors, all have an effect on the quality of the integrated reporting. Our evidence will assist current and prospective stakeholders in evaluating the expected quality of an entity’s integrated report, through the evaluation of certain firm characteristics.

scholarly journals Auriculotherapy to reduce anxiety and pain in nursing professionals: a randomized clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonice Fumiko Sato Kurebayashi ◽  
Ruth Natalia Teresa Turrini ◽  
Talita Pavarini Borges de Souza ◽  
Carolina Felicio Marques ◽  
Renata Tavares Franco Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Pain Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Cohen's D

RESUMEN Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of the auricular protocol (APPA) in reducing pain and anxiety and improving the quality of life of the nursing staff of a hospital. Method: randomized clinical trial with an initial sample of 180 professionals divided into 4 groups Control (G1), Seed (G2), Needle (G3) and Tape (G4). The evaluation instruments were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Pain Visual Analog Scale and Quality of Life instrument, applied at the start and after five and 10 sessions (five weeks). Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Cohen's d Index were used in the analysis. Results: there was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) for anxiety according to the repeated measures ANOVA, with better results for the G3 in the final assessment (Cohen's d index 1.08/17% reduction). There was a reduction of pain of 36% in G3 and 24% in G2 and a 13% increase in the mental aspect of quality of life for the G3, although without statistical significance. Conclusion: the APPA protocol reduced the anxiety levels of nursing staff after 10 sessions. Further studies are, however, suggested with new populations and in different contexts so that the results can be confirmed. RBR-5pc43m.

scholarly journals High Speed Running and Sprinting Profiles of Elite Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Miñano-Espin ◽  
Luis Casáis ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Miguel Ángel Gómez-Ruano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Camera Tracking ◽  
The Real ◽  
Multiple Camera ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

AbstractReal Madrid was named as the best club of the 20th century by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics. The aim of this study was to compare if players from Real Madrid covered shorter distances than players from the opposing team. One hundred and forty-nine matches including league, cup and UEFA Champions League matches played by the Real Madrid were monitored during the 2001-2002 to the 2006-2007 seasons. Data from both teams (Real Madrid and the opponent) were recorded. Altogether, 2082 physical performance profiles were examined, 1052 from the Real Madrid and 1031 from the opposing team (Central Defenders (CD) = 536, External Defenders (ED) = 491, Central Midfielders (CM) = 544, External Midfielders (EM) = 233, and Forwards (F) = 278). Match performance data were collected using a computerized multiple-camera tracking system (Amisco Pro®, Nice, France). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for distances covered at different intensities (sprinting (>24.0 km/h) and high-speed running (21.1-24.0 km/h) and the number of sprints (21.1-24.0 km/h and >24.0 km/h) during games for each player sectioned under their positional roles. Players from Real Madrid covered shorter distances in high-speed running and sprint than players from the opposing team (p < 0.01). While ED did not show differences in their physical performance, CD (p < 0.05), CM (p < 0.01), EM (p < 0.01) and F (p > 0.01) from Real Madrid covered shorter distances in high-intensity running and sprint and performed less sprints than their counterparts. Finally, no differences were found in the high-intensity running and sprint distances performed by players from Real Madrid depending on the quality of the opposition.

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