scholarly journals The Conduct of Operations: Glubb Pasha, the Arab Legion, and the First Arab–Israeli War, 1948–49

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-562
Author(s):  
Matthew Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
The Political ◽  
British Army ◽  
Army Officer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Objective

The recent accession by St Antony’s College Oxford of papers from British army officer John Bagot Glubb, commander of Transjordan’s Arab Legion, affords a remarkable opportunity to test and reimagine significant debates surrounding the first Arab–Israeli war. Glubb’s papers establish two points. First, that military operational necessity best explains the actions of the Arab Legion in 1948 and that this was more important than the political objective by Transjordan and Israel to collude to divide Palestine. Second, the papers offer a new, augmented military history of the war taking into account daunting command and logistical challenges faced by the Legion.

‘Armailt làidir de mhilìsidh’: Hanoverian Gaels and the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-198
Author(s):  
Matthew Dziennik
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Regional Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Networks ◽  
The Military

In 1745–6, thousands of troops were raised in the Highlands and Islands in support of the house of Hanover. Often neglected due to the intense focus on Highland Jacobitism, these Gaels were instrumental in the defeat of the Jacobites. The study of pro-Hanoverian forces in the Gàidhealtachd tells us much not only about the military history of the 1745 rebellion but also about the nature of the whig regime in Scotland. In contrast to the ideological frameworks increasingly used to make sense of the Jacobite period, this article argues that pragmatic negotiations between the central government and the whig clans helped mobilise and empower regional responses to the rebellion. Exploiting the government's need for Gaelic allies in late 1745, Highland leaders, officers, and enlisted men used military service to shore up a nexus of political, financial and security imperatives. By examining the recruitment and service of anti-Jacobite Gaels, this article shows that—even in the epicentre of the rebellion—the Hanoverian state possessed important structural strengths that enabled it to confront the threat of armed insurrection. In so doing, the article reveals the political and fiscal-military networks that sustained whig control in Scotland.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EURASIAN NOMADS’ MIGRATIONS ON THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF ASIA MINOR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.В. Чочиев
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Ancient States ◽  
Written Sources

В статье рассматриваются основные сферы и формы влияния евразий- ских степных кочевников на древние государства и общества Малой Азии. Вторжения и миграции номадов в регион в VIII VI вв. до н. э. наложили заметный отпечаток на поли- тическую и военную историю местных цивилизаций и способствовали определенной эво- люции их социальных и экономических институтов и обогащению культуры и искусства. Несмотря на скудость имеющихся письменных источников, достижения археологии ре- гиона последних лет позволяют расширить представления о характере и масштабах данного взаимодействия. The article discusses the main areas and forms of the Eurasian steppe nomads infl uence on the ancient states and societies of Asia Minor. The invasions and migrations of the nomads into the region in the VIII VI BC left a signifi cant mark on the political and military history of local civilizations and contributed to a certain evolution of their social and economic institutions and enrichment of their culture and art. Despite the scarcity of existing written sources, the archeological achievements in the region in recent years allow to increase our understanding of the nature and extent of this interaction.

Mantineia and the Mantinike: Settlement and Society in a Greek Polis

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 239-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hodkinson ◽  
Hilary Hodkinson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

The purpose of this study is to combine an archaeological and a historical analysis of settlement within the territory of thepolisof Mantineia in E. Arkadia during the Archaic and Classical periods. Its aim is twofold: first, to collect and interpret the evidence for settlements and their history; secondly, to examine that evidence in relation to Mantineia's society and economy, in order to assess the significance of changes of settlement patterns for the nature of the Mantineianpolis. The changes in question revolve around the eventful history of the town of Mantineia which was founded sometime in the late Archaic or early Classical period, destroyed by the Spartans and compulsorily abandoned in 385 B.C., and finally refounded in 370, remaining in existence until the sixth to seventh centuries A.D.The significance of these changes for the political and military history of the Peloponnese, especially for the vital interests of Spartan foreign policy, was realized in antiquity and has been discussed in detail in several modern accounts. The location of Mantineian territory within the Peloponnese (Fig. 1) made it a strategic military focus and thoroughfare. Mantineia, together with Tegea and Pallantion, occupied the modern valley of Tripolis, which enclosed the largest plain of E. Arkadia and was linked directly with the valley of Sparta through the N. Lakonian hills by at least two major routes used by military traffic.

Water management in Minoan Crete, Greece: the two cisterns of one Middle Bronze Age settlement

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cadogan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Minoan Crete ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The Bronze Age

The two earliest structures of Minoan Crete that may be considered as large cisterns were both built in the first half of the second millennium BC (the time of the first Minoan palaces) at Myrtos-Pyrgos (Ierapetra). A considerable feat of engineering and social management, they remain a most unusual attribute of a Minoan settlement, all the more so since the Myrtos river is/was available to supply water at the foot of the hill of Pyrgos. This paper presents these cisterns, briefly, in terms of geology and technology, the history of their use and re-use, and their relevance to understanding the culture and society (at local and regional levels) of Crete in the time of the Old Palaces, as well as their possible contribution to the political and military history of the period. I then review possible precursors of, and architectural parallels to, the Pyrgos cisterns at Knossos, Malia and Phaistos (none of which has been proved to be a cistern), and the later history of cisterns in Bronze Age Crete. Since only three others are known (at Archanes, Zakro and Tylissos, of Late Bronze Age date), the two cisterns of Myrtos-Pyrgos are an important addition to our still rudimentary knowledge of how the Bronze Age Cretans managed their water supplies.

scholarly journals THE GENRE NATURE OF “THREE CHAPTERS FROM THE POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY OF 1853, 1854, AND 1855” BY E. P. KOVALEVSKY

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Екатерина Валентиновна Александрова
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Historical Essay ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Historical Methods

Введение. Представлен ранее практически не исследованный материал исторических очерков Е. П. Ковалевского, посвященных событиям Дунайской кампании. Цель – изучить жанровое своеобразие очерков Ковалевского с точки зрения их содержания (осмысления событий), формы (проблема повествователя) и определить их роли в литературном процессе 1850-х гг. Материал и методы. В центре исследовательского внимания – «Три главы из политической и военной истории 1853, 1854 и 1855 годов», написанные непосредственным участником событий и одновременно представителем официальных кругов. Материалы, опубликованные в «Отечественных записках» в 1856 г., рассматриваются в сопоставлении с изданным только в 1868 г. (по политическим соображениям) произведением «Война с Турцией и разрыв с западными державами в 1853 и 1854 годах». В работе использованы сравнительно-сопоставительный и культурно-исторический методы. Результаты и обсуждение. Очерки Ковалевского представляют собой важный факт одного из первых осмыслений событий Дунайской кампании на фоне замалчивания официальными кругами политических причин начала Крымской войны. Двойственная позиция автора-повествователя и специфика содержания определили своеобразие жанровой формы – синтез документального изложения с элементами очерка и рассказа. Заложенная в «Трех главах…» этическая проблематика (проблема героя, патриотизма) и их поэтика (описание природы, роль повествователя) расширяют горизонты творческих поисков автора и дают толчок в осмыслении, подаче нового материала (форма и содержание) современникам. Заключение. Выявлены типологические свойства исторического очерка в творчестве Ковалевского и его художественные особенности. Исследование очеркового жанра на примере «военных рассказов» Ковалевского дает возможность выстроить линию творческой преемственности в русской литературе (Толстой и Достоевский). Работа будет полезна ученым историко-филологического профиля: с точки зрения генезиса, синтетической природы очеркового жанра (идея патриотизма неразрывно связана с позицией автора и ролью повествователя) и литературно-фактографического контекста событий Крымской кампании. Introduction. The material of historical essays by E. P. Kovalevsky, devoted to the events of the Danube campaign, which was practically not studied before, is presented in the work. The aim of the work is to study the genre content of Kovalevsky’s essays and determine their role in the literary process of the 1850s. Material and methods. The research focuses on the work “Three chapters from the political and military history of 1853, 1854 and 1855”, written by a direct participant of the events and at the same time a representative of official circles. Published in “Otechestvennye Zapiski” in 1856, it is considered in comparison with the work “The War with Turkey and the severance with the Western powers in 1853 and 1854” which was published for political reasons only in 1866. The research uses comparative and cultural-historical methods. Results and discussion. The research shows that Kovalevsky’s essays are the first artistic interpretation of the Danube campaign events against the background of official circles’ silence on the political reasons for the beginning of the Crimean war. The originality of the author’s creative manner is shown in the synthesis of a documentary narrative with elements of essay and story. The problems of essays (the problem of the hero, patriotism) and their poetics (the description of nature, the role of the narrator) expand the horizons of the author’s creative search and give an impetus to understanding and presenting new material (form and content) to contemporaries. Conclusion. Typological features of the historical essay and its artistic features in the work of Kovalevsky are revealed. The study of the essay genre on the example of Kovalevsky’s “war stories” makes it possible to build a line of creative continuity in Russian literature (Tolstoy and Dostoevsky). This work will be useful for scientists of historical and philological profile: from the point of view of genesis, the synthetic nature of the essay genre and the literary and factual context of the events of the Crimean campaign.

scholarly journals The Muted Voice: The Limitations of Museums and the Depiction of Controversial History

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
John A Haymond
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
British Army ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
History Of

In a thorough discussion of military museums – and in this particular instance, theNational Army Museum – there must be a frank and realistic assessment of thelimitations that factor into how military history can be depicted. This perspectivepaper considers two specific aspects of this process. First, it discusses thechallenges confronting the National Army Museum when the history it coverscannot be fully depicted in the sterility of a museum setting. Second, it considershow the museum should deal with controversial histories. After all, the historyof the British Army is to a large degree a history of war and imperialism, and anentire range of ethical and political perspectives are inevitably involved in theportrayal of that history. This paper examines these challenges – the limitationswhich can mute the museum’s voice – and concludes that once these factorsare acknowledged, the National Army Museum’s strengths and successes canbe clearly understood and better appreciated.

Britain’s Imperial Reckonings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Griffin
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
British Army ◽  
Army Officer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stamp Act

This chapter examines how George and Charles Townshend addressed the crisis of sovereignty that arose in the British empire following its victory over France in the Seven Years' War. It first considers the scandal involving James Wolfe, a British army officer who played a key role in Britain's victory in 1759 over France at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec, as well as George Townshend's views on Wolfe. It then discusses the issues that the Townshends and other officials had to grappled with after the Seven Years' War, including the crises relating to debt and the Stamp Act, and how the Stamp Act and the ensuing debates affected America and Ireland. It also explains how stadial theory, classical antiquity, and the history of England on the margins produced a compelling blueprint for the Townshend brothers in the years after the Seven Years' War.

scholarly journals A House Divided Against Itself

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrastos Omissi
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Military History ◽  
Roman History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Roman

This short chapter constitutes an introduction to the main body of the work, and sets out the wide-reaching consequences of permanent civil war within the later Roman Empire. It argues that previous research has overemphasized the importance of external warfare with the barbarian outsiders in recounting the political and military history of the late third and early fourth centuries. Far more important were the wars that Romans fought against themselves. The chapter sets out the broadly chronological structure of the book, and urges the reader to see that chapter divisions organized by dynasty should not suggest that this book takes a traditional approach to late Roman history. Far from it: the legitimacy of many of the late Empire’s great dynasties will be thrown open to question.

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