Educational Attainment and the Gender Gap in Childcare in Canada: A Decomposition Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Buchanan ◽  
Adian McFarlane ◽  
Anupam Das
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Using the 2010 General Social Survey in Time Use (Canadian Time Diary data set, N = 1782), we explore the relationship between the education level of couples and the time they spend on childcare. We find that fathers and mothers with higher levels of educational attainment spend more time parenting children. However, the education childcare gradient is stronger for mothers than fathers. Consequently, the gender gap in childcare is much greater for couples with more educational attainment. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition results of these gender gaps by education level suggest very little can be attributed to how mothers and fathers at different levels of education differ on demographic and workplace characteristics. We argue that the differences in parenting time accompanying socio-economic status are more likely attributed to differences in parenting values. JEL Classifications: I24, J13, J16, C10

Analysis of the predictors of five eco-sensitive behaviours

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naz Onel ◽  
Avinandan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine five different types of eco-sensitive behaviours separately and understand if determinants of these behaviours vary depending on the type of action being performed. Design/methodology/approach – The study investigates factors influencing five different eco-sensitive behaviours by empirically testing the effects of socio-economic status (SES), gender, age and environmental values. Theoretically guided hypotheses and models were formulated and tested with multiple linear regression models by employing a data set from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) 2010 General Social Survey. Findings – Results conclude that different types of behaviour have different predictors. While age differences only explain recycling cans and bottles, gender difference explains buying pesticide-free fruits/vegetables and avoiding environmentally harmful products. Values, on the other hand, predict all five eco-behaviours. Driving less and saving water for environmental reasons were least explained by the examined predictors. Originality/value – These results contribute to untangling the confusing research evidence on the effects of SES, age, gender and environmental values on different environmental behaviours and on the relationship between them by examining each behaviour separately.

Socioeconomic Status and the Frequency of Anger across the Life Course

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schieman
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Previous studies suggest that older people report less anger. However, little is known about the relationship between age and the frequency of anger among individuals with different levels of education and economic circumstances. Using data from the 1996 General Social Survey ( N = 1,442), I examine the effects of age on anger across levels of education and objective and subjective economic conditions. A significant and positive age × education interaction suggests that the negative relationship between age and the frequency of anger is stronger at lower levels of education. Adjustment for social roles and economic conditions fails to account for the age × education interaction effect. In addition, differences in anger between individuals who reported worsening financial conditions and those who reported that their finances improved or stayed the same are greatest among the youngest age groups, and the gap decreases at successively older age levels. I discuss the ways that these results contradict recent findings of SES-based age differences in depressive emotions and physical health status.

scholarly journals The provision of unpaid care across cohorts and genders: A research note

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Christine Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Care Relationships ◽  
Nous Examinons ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the caregiving history collected in the 2007 General Social Survey (GSS) is used to document the provision of care since the age of 15 years, the number of people helped, and the relationship with the care recipients. Using life tables, we confirm an upward trend in caregiving across birth cohorts. Unexpectedly, the findings also show that providing care starts at earlier ages in more recent cohorts—a result that appears partly linked to the emergence of new care relationships—and that the gender gap in the provision of care has widened over time.Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous examinons les soins fournis depuis l’âge de 15 ans, le nombre de personnes aidées et la nature des liens avec ces personnes en nous basant sur l’historique des soins prodigués recueilli dans l’Enquête sociale générale (ESG) de 2007. À l’aide de tables d’extinction simple, nous confirmons l’augmentation de la prestation de soins au fil des cohortes de naissance. Par ailleurs, les soins commencent de plus en plus tôt, notamment grâce à l’apparition de nouveaux types de relations d’aide, et l’écart dans la prestation de soins se creuse entre les hommes et les femmes.

scholarly journals Music Performance Attendance and Happiness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
White People ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Financial Situation

How are the performing arts and happiness sociologically connected? I propose that people who have attended a music performance in the last 12 months will report an increase in happiness. Additional knowledge-besides attending Arts-related events-is required in order to understand what makes people happy. I analyzed 2016 General Social Survey (GSS) data. The N for this sample is 1,272. Personal happiness is directly tied to one’s financial situation and their educational attainment levels and not to attendance at music performances. The results indicate that satisfaction with finances has a greater impact on happiness, and that White people also report being happier on average. Being satisfied with your financial situation has more of an impact on personal happiness than one’s years of education.

Trends in Confidence in Institutions, 1973–2006

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines trends in institutional confidence measured by the General Social Survey between 1973 and 2006. It begins by considering the construct of institutional confidence and describing the items and scales used to measure it. After presenting overall levels of confidence in 13 institutions during this period, it examines trends in general confidence scales and in individual institutions. Cohort analysis helps to illuminate these trends. The chapter next investigates correlates of institutional confidence, including experiences with specific institutions, party-in-power effects, education, misanthropy, opinionation, and a general demographic model. It briefly considers the relationship between institutional confidence and support for government programs and political matters. It closes by assessing the state and role of institutional confidence in contemporary society, and both general and event-driven models of trends in confidence.

scholarly journals Income management strategies of older couples in Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Laporte ◽  
Grant Schellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Using Data

In this study, the income management strategies of Canadian couples are examined using data from the 2007 General Social Survey. The extent to which “older” couples, in which at least one spouse or partner is aged 45 or older, employ an allocative, pooled, or separate strategy is explored.Results show that the income management strategies used by these couples are correlated with relationship characteristics, such as common-law status, duration of relationship, and presence of children. As well, the likelihood of using a separate approach is positively correlated with levels of educational attainment and with the amount of income received by wives or female partners.

scholarly journals Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being among Koreans

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8467
Author(s):  
Jieun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being (life satisfaction, hope, and positive and negative affect) with individual demographic background (i.e., age, education level, perceived economic status, and religious affiliation) in a sample of 761 Korean adults participated from five universities in South Korea. Specifically, gratitude was still an essential element for the subjective well-being of Korean adults, although the meaning of gratitude under Confucian culture implies indebtedness and obligation. The relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being did not differ by gender. Implications for the subjective well-being of Koreans are discussed.

scholarly journals Income and Area Effects on Voluntary Association Membership in Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jane Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Association Membership

Applying multi-level modelling techniques to 2003 Canadian General Social Survey and 2001 Census Profile data , this study investigates the influence of individual income, contextual poverty and income inequality on voluntary association membership in Canada. Both individual and contextual effects on membership are uncovered, in addition to a significant cross-level interaction between individual income and area level income inequality. As individual income increases so do the odds of voluntary association membership, an effect that is fairly consistent between areas. Increases in area level poverty are associated with decreases in the odds of membership. While no main effect is found for area level income inequality, cross-level interactions indicate that the relationship between individual income and membership is moderated by area income inequality. The study findings support claims about the negative social effects of individual and contextual economic disadvantage and confirms the importance of examining contextual influences on social outcomes.

scholarly journals Using the General Social Survey – National Death Index cohort to study the relationship between neighbourhood fear and mortality in the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e030330
Author(s):  
Erin Grinshteyn ◽  
Peter Muennig ◽  
Roman Pabayo
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
National Death Index ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesFear of crime is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and reduced social interaction independent of crime. Because mental health and social interactions are associated with poor physical health, fear of crime may also be associated with death. The main objective is to determine whether neighbourhood fear is associated with time to death.Setting and participantsData from the 1978–2008 General Social Survey were linked to mortality data using the National Death Index (GSS-NDI) (n=20 297).MethodsGSS-NDI data were analysed to assess the relationship between fear of crime at baseline and time to death among adults after removing violent deaths. Fear was measured by asking respondents if they were afraid to walk alone at night within a mile of their home. Crude and adjusted HRs were calculated using survival analysis to calculate time to death. Analyses were stratified by sex.ResultsAmong those who responded that they were fearful of walking in their neighbourhood at night, there was a 6% increased risk of death during follow-up in the adjusted model though this was not significant (HR=1.06, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13). In the fully adjusted models examining risk of mortality stratified by sex, findings were significant among men but not women. Among men, in the adjusted model, there was an 8% increased risk of death during follow-up among those who experienced fear at baseline in comparison with those who did not experience fear (HR=1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14).ConclusionsResearch has recently begun examining fear as a public health issue. With an identified relationship with mortality among men, this is a potential public health problem that must be examined more fully.

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