scholarly journals The provision of unpaid care across cohorts and genders: A research note

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Christine Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Care Relationships ◽  
Nous Examinons ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the caregiving history collected in the 2007 General Social Survey (GSS) is used to document the provision of care since the age of 15 years, the number of people helped, and the relationship with the care recipients. Using life tables, we confirm an upward trend in caregiving across birth cohorts. Unexpectedly, the findings also show that providing care starts at earlier ages in more recent cohorts—a result that appears partly linked to the emergence of new care relationships—and that the gender gap in the provision of care has widened over time.Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous examinons les soins fournis depuis l’âge de 15 ans, le nombre de personnes aidées et la nature des liens avec ces personnes en nous basant sur l’historique des soins prodigués recueilli dans l’Enquête sociale générale (ESG) de 2007. À l’aide de tables d’extinction simple, nous confirmons l’augmentation de la prestation de soins au fil des cohortes de naissance. Par ailleurs, les soins commencent de plus en plus tôt, notamment grâce à l’apparition de nouveaux types de relations d’aide, et l’écart dans la prestation de soins se creuse entre les hommes et les femmes.

PUFF, PUFF, PASS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jason P. Smith ◽  
David M. Merolla
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This research aims to enhance our understanding of the relationship between racial prejudice and White Americans’ views on cannabis legalization. The recent legalization of recreational cannabis in a handful of states, along with many other states legalizing medical cannabis in recent years, has catapulted the flowering plant back into the spotlight and nightly news cycles. Given the historically racist propaganda used to criminalize the plant, it follows that Whites’ support for legalization may be associated with racial prejudice. Using data from the General Social Survey data from 1972–2018, we find that different forms of racial prejudice have a negative effect on Whites’ support for cannabis legalization generally. Additionally, as the negative effect of overt, old-fashioned racism diminishes over time and across birth cohorts it is supplanted by the more subtle laissez-faire racism. In conclusion, we discuss the implication of the relationship between racial prejudice and views on marijuana for the increasingly complicated racial dynamics surrounding cannabis legalization.

Educational Attainment and the Gender Gap in Childcare in Canada: A Decomposition Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Buchanan ◽  
Adian McFarlane ◽  
Anupam Das
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Using the 2010 General Social Survey in Time Use (Canadian Time Diary data set, N = 1782), we explore the relationship between the education level of couples and the time they spend on childcare. We find that fathers and mothers with higher levels of educational attainment spend more time parenting children. However, the education childcare gradient is stronger for mothers than fathers. Consequently, the gender gap in childcare is much greater for couples with more educational attainment. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition results of these gender gaps by education level suggest very little can be attributed to how mothers and fathers at different levels of education differ on demographic and workplace characteristics. We argue that the differences in parenting time accompanying socio-economic status are more likely attributed to differences in parenting values. JEL Classifications: I24, J13, J16, C10

Mothers, sons and daughters: intergenerational transmission of education in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-586
Author(s):  
Ehsan Latif
Keyword(s):  
Upward Mobility ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Educational Mobility ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobility Index ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study used data from the General Social Survey (2011) to examine the trends in intergenerational educational mobility in Canada for the 1940–1989 birth cohorts. To this end, the purpose of this study is to focus on the relationship between mothers' education and children's education.Design/methodology/approachThe study estimated intergenerational regression and correlation coefficients and several mobility indices, namely, the Prais–Shorrocks index, immobility index, upward mobility index and downward mobility index.FindingsThe study found considerable gender differences with respect to the trends in these coefficients and indices. The study found that, over the period of study, the correlation coefficient slightly increased for sons while it decreased for daughters. The Prais–Shorrocks index, immobility index, upward mobility index and downward mobility index show that educational mobility has increased for daughters while that of sons has decreased over time. Finally, the relative educational opportunities indicators also suggest a similar result that educational mobility has increased for the daughters while it fell for the sons.Originality/valueA number of studies used Canadian data to examine intergenerational educational mobility. However, no study particularly focused on the relationship between mothers' education and children's education. In recent years, women's labor force participation rate and employment rate increased significantly. Thus, it will be interesting to see how mothers' education is related to children's education in Canada.

Trends in Confidence in Institutions, 1973–2006

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines trends in institutional confidence measured by the General Social Survey between 1973 and 2006. It begins by considering the construct of institutional confidence and describing the items and scales used to measure it. After presenting overall levels of confidence in 13 institutions during this period, it examines trends in general confidence scales and in individual institutions. Cohort analysis helps to illuminate these trends. The chapter next investigates correlates of institutional confidence, including experiences with specific institutions, party-in-power effects, education, misanthropy, opinionation, and a general demographic model. It briefly considers the relationship between institutional confidence and support for government programs and political matters. It closes by assessing the state and role of institutional confidence in contemporary society, and both general and event-driven models of trends in confidence.

scholarly journals Income and Area Effects on Voluntary Association Membership in Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jane Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Association Membership

Applying multi-level modelling techniques to 2003 Canadian General Social Survey and 2001 Census Profile data , this study investigates the influence of individual income, contextual poverty and income inequality on voluntary association membership in Canada. Both individual and contextual effects on membership are uncovered, in addition to a significant cross-level interaction between individual income and area level income inequality. As individual income increases so do the odds of voluntary association membership, an effect that is fairly consistent between areas. Increases in area level poverty are associated with decreases in the odds of membership. While no main effect is found for area level income inequality, cross-level interactions indicate that the relationship between individual income and membership is moderated by area income inequality. The study findings support claims about the negative social effects of individual and contextual economic disadvantage and confirms the importance of examining contextual influences on social outcomes.

scholarly journals Using the General Social Survey – National Death Index cohort to study the relationship between neighbourhood fear and mortality in the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e030330
Author(s):  
Erin Grinshteyn ◽  
Peter Muennig ◽  
Roman Pabayo
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
National Death Index ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesFear of crime is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and reduced social interaction independent of crime. Because mental health and social interactions are associated with poor physical health, fear of crime may also be associated with death. The main objective is to determine whether neighbourhood fear is associated with time to death.Setting and participantsData from the 1978–2008 General Social Survey were linked to mortality data using the National Death Index (GSS-NDI) (n=20 297).MethodsGSS-NDI data were analysed to assess the relationship between fear of crime at baseline and time to death among adults after removing violent deaths. Fear was measured by asking respondents if they were afraid to walk alone at night within a mile of their home. Crude and adjusted HRs were calculated using survival analysis to calculate time to death. Analyses were stratified by sex.ResultsAmong those who responded that they were fearful of walking in their neighbourhood at night, there was a 6% increased risk of death during follow-up in the adjusted model though this was not significant (HR=1.06, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13). In the fully adjusted models examining risk of mortality stratified by sex, findings were significant among men but not women. Among men, in the adjusted model, there was an 8% increased risk of death during follow-up among those who experienced fear at baseline in comparison with those who did not experience fear (HR=1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14).ConclusionsResearch has recently begun examining fear as a public health issue. With an identified relationship with mortality among men, this is a potential public health problem that must be examined more fully.

scholarly journals “Women’s Work”: Welfare State Spending and the Gendered and Classed Dimensions of Unpaid Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110386
Author(s):  
Naomi Lightman ◽  
Anthony Kevins
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
State Spending ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Relationship

This study is the first to explicitly assess the connections between welfare state spending and the gendered and classed dimensions of unpaid care work across 29 European nations. Our research uses multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey data, examining childcare and housework burdens for people living with at least one child under the age of 18. Two key findings emerge: First, by disaggregating different types of unpaid care work, we find that childcare provision is more gendered than classed—reflecting trends toward “intensive mothering”. Housework and cooking, on the contrary, demonstrate both gender and class effects, likely because they are more readily outsourced by wealthier individuals to the paid care sector. Second, while overall social expenditure has no effect on hours spent on childcare and housework, results suggest that family policy may shape the relationship between gender, income, and housework (but not childcare). Specifically, family policy expenditure is associated with a considerably smaller gender gap vis-à-vis the time dedicated to housework: This effect is present across the income spectrum, but is particularly substantial in the case of lower income women.

scholarly journals Religiosity As a Moderator between Income and Happiness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosingiphile Mabaso
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
The Relationship

Does religiosity act as a buffer to all negative life circumstances? To explore this question, I study the relationship between income and happiness and I analyze the effect religiosity has on this relationship. I propose that income will have a bigger impact on the happiness of those who are non- or less religious compared to those who are very religious. The very religious believe that tough times are tests and they believe that God will, in due season, bless them too. This helps them stay happy and hopeful, even if they are not living in the best conditions. I use the General Social Survey, face-to-face interviews with adults (18 years and older) living in U.S. households, of 2016. I analyze the responses of 1,569 respondents. Consistent with existing research, income is significantly and positively correlated with happiness. However, the correlation between happiness and income is greater among those who are non- or less religious than among those who are very religious. The results confirm that religiosity acts as a buffer to negative life circumstances.

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