Local Actors, Institutions and Land Governance in the Chotiari Water Reservoir, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Habibullah Magsi ◽  
Anwar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Rashid ◽  
Muazzam Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Natural Resource Governance ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Government

Previous studies show that blemished infrastructural development projects dispossessed local population and degraded natural resources to a greater extent in the developing countries. Therefore, this research is aimed at determining how land use decisions affect local habitats and resources. Thus, the data were collected from the recently constructed water reservoir in the southern part of Pakistan, named Chotiari. Our findings show that the project is hampered by the local actors’ nonparticipation in decision-making, deceptive information dissemination by the authorities, misuse of funds, power relations, improper rehabilitation plans and unequal access to natural resources. We paid attention to the actors’ network, land as well as the property rights violations, which have created the conflicts, where the causes of the conflicts of land use super positioned in the light of international rules and laws have also been explained. Thus, it is recommended that, for natural resource governance and land use conflict management, it is imperative to take all stakeholders on board during feasibility of any infrastructural setting. Furthermore, the awareness campaigns regarding the environmental importance and valuation of natural resources must be on the topmost agenda of the government.

scholarly journals Collective action and ecological sensibility for sustainable mangrove governance in Indonesia: challenges and opportunities

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Meilasari-Sugiana
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Natural Resource Governance ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ecological Sensibility

Theorists of Common Pool Resources (CPR) management suggest that distribution and devolution of power can localize consequential decisions over natural resources. The Government of Indonesia has encouraged the collective management of natural resources through self-governed local communes. It has also argued for consensual decision making over the use, allocation and distribution of natural resources at the village, district and regency level. Devolution has not, however, given most people access to strategic and structural power to decide on natural resource governance. Two cases in South Sulawesi are discussed. In the case of the hunting of Sinjai's bats, devolution for collective governance was marked by contention, unfettered competition, and resource overutilization. Management of Sinjai's coastal mangroves, however, suggests that social institutions can stimulate social sensibility, encourage attachment to the natural landscape, and instigate collective responsibilities. Community members acted in a way that benefited the overall good, avowing individual rights. Barriers and enablers to sustainable natural resource governance emerged from the local context in each case, including assertion of private ownership of mangrove plots; they did not emerge as a consequence of distribution and devolution of power alone, as CPR theory suggests.Keywords: Devolution, collective action, reciprocity, ecological sensibility, mangroves, South Sulawesi

scholarly journals Property rights revisited – are narratives the way forward?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Grecksch ◽  
Jessica Holzhausen
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nagoya Protocol ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Natural Resource Governance ◽  
The Way

Purpose This paper aims to show how property rights predominantly shape discussions about the governance of natural resources and thereby neglect questions of (collective) identities and alternative solutions to govern natural resources. The purpose is to introduce narratives as an alternative approach to the discussion about the governance of natural resources. Design/methodology/approach Guided by the question of how we acquire property and what that tells us about our understanding of to whom natural resources belong to, the paper reviews the history of property rights by looking into property theories starting from Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. It then takes a closer look at The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study and the Nagoya Protocol with regard to property rights. Second, the paper introduces the concept of narratives surrounding property rights in the past and present. Findings Property rights are a social concept dominant in the industrialised world. This has strong implications when looking at the way indigenous people look at natural resources. Mostly, property rights are unknown to them or alternative concepts exist. Yet, documents such as the Nagoya Protocol or the TEEB study presuppose an understanding of property rights originating in European property concepts. A narrative approach to property rights introduces new ideas and looks beyond legislation and policies at the stories people tell about property and natural resources, at property stereotypes and identities and what this might entail for future natural resource governance. Originality/value The paper fulfils a need to find alternative approaches to govern natural resources against the background of global environmental challenges.

scholarly journals The legal system of tax income and tariff revenue in the natural resources and mining sector of Uganda: obstacles and challenges in collecting taxes, duties, parliamentary and judicial control

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Gloria Kembabazi ◽  
John Osapiri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Natural Resource Governance ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Foundations

This paper examines the legal foundations of taxation of minerals examining legal provisions concerning natural resources generally and, mining as a sector - with oil and gas as one of the emerging sub-sectors for regulation. The paper examines the challenges and offers potential solutions with a view that economic policymaking is critical and the legal and policy framework must be critically structured and carefully implemented to allow for maximum government revenue and positive natural resource governance.

scholarly journals Lule Lappmark and Sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-70
Author(s):  
Jesper Larsson ◽  
Eva-Lotta Päiviö Sjaunja
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Natural Resource Governance ◽  
Empirical Material

AbstractIn this chapter, we describe the study area, Lule lappmark, and the sources we used. We discuss how land use was influenced by differences in environmental settings and argue that empirical material from Lule lappmark in northern Sweden can be used to draw valid conclusions about general features regarding Sami land use and property rights in other regions as well. We introduce the reader to our interpretations of some important concepts necessary to understand the development of natural resource governance and argue that some earlier interpretations of the pre-modern Sami organization have led to misconceptions about that development.

High-Value Natural Resources and Transparency: Accounting for Revenues and Governance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levon Epremian ◽  
Päivi Lujala ◽  
Carl Bruch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Resource Governance

The increase in demand and prices of most high-value natural resources over the past five decades has resulted in massive income gains for resource-abundant countries. Paradoxically, many of these countries have suffered from slow economic growth, weak political institutions, and violent conflict. To combat corruption, increase accountability, and promote government effectiveness, the international community and advocacy groups have been promoting transparency as the remedy to misappropriation and mismanagement of revenues. Consequently, advocates, officials, and diplomats increasingly focus on transparency as the means to better manage revenues from high-value natural resources in developing countries. The linkages between transparency, accountability, and management of revenues from high-value natural resources require careful examination. This article provides a review of the literature on transparency and accountability in the context of natural resource revenue management, discusses how transparency is conceptualized and understood to function in this context, and assesses the existing evidence for the proposition that increased transparency leads to more accountability and improved natural resource governance. The article concludes with a discussion on the evaluation of transparency policy initiatives.

Graduated Sovereignty and Tanzania’s Mineral Sector

Utafiti ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-280
Author(s):  
Christine Noe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Mineral Sector ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Forces ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Ownership Rights

Abstract The process through which state sovereignty over natural resources is gained and lost serves as a precondition for other external actors to acquire rights and to appropriate wealth. These external institutions are multinational firms and non-governmental organizations that do not rely on sovereign entities. By building on the concept of graduated sovereignty, the example of Tanzania’s mineral resource demonstrates how ownership rights shift, creating different impacts on the ground. Analysis of historical and contemporary changes in Tanzania’s mineral laws serves as a basis for revealing the ways in which sovereignty is differentiated or graduated within a national territory, given current global relations. Since neither global resource governance nor market conditions are static or predictable, the government of Tanzania responds differently to external forces over time. Tanzania’s most recent national decisions follow the model of neoliberal flexibility and maximisation of profit from natural resources. Consequently, more complex issues of local resource rights have remained unattended over the years of policy and legal reform, resulting in discriminatory treatment and marginalization of different groups in Tanzanian society.

Development as a Threat to Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-471
Author(s):  
Mirza Satria Buana
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Weak Regime ◽  
The Government

This article examines the hypothesis that the developmental priorities of Indonesia in the post-Suharto era, in particular three legislative Acts that purport to protect indigenous peoples’ rights, in fact serve to undermine these rights. These Acts are: the Basic Agrarian Act, the Forestry Act, and the Plantation Act, and relate to land use for development purposes and also affect the autonomy of indigenous peoples. Despite being crucially important, these Acts have had detrimental effects on indigenous peoples’ lives. This article, using a qualitative socio-legal approach, analyses the historical and political contexts of the Acts to determine whether they enhance or undermine indigenous peoples’ rights, and how the government uses the Acts for suppression. This analysis identifies reasons for the weak regime, notably that the legislative Acts on land-related sectors are used as a political tool to suppress local communities, while allowing the government’s land market businesses to exploit natural resources.

scholarly journals KAJIAN UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PENGGUNAAN TANAH DI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Slamet Muryono
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Discrepancy Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spatial Plan

Abstract: Limitations of natural resources, especially land, is increasingly perceived both by the government as the land managerand the community as the users. Not only due to the increasing number of residents, but the speed of the development require landand make competition between land users are increasing. This research was done in Temanggung District, Central Java. The objectof this research is land use in the study area. Instruments used in controlling land use are Land Use Map (PT), Spatial Plan Map(RTRW), and Sustainable Agricultural Map (LP2B). Then, PT map was being correlated with RTRW map and LP2B map. The resultsshow that the conformity rate between PT and RTRW is 78.13%, and the discrepancy rate is 21.87%. The conformity rate betweenLP2B and PT is 77.55%, with the discrepancy rate of 24.45%, while between RTRW and LP2B, the conformity rate is 89.45%, withthe discrepancy rate of 10.55%.Keywords: land use, spatial planning, sustainable agriculture landIntisari: Keterbatasan keberadaan sumberdaya alam khususnya tanah, semakin hari semakin dirasakan baik oleh pemerintahsebagai pengelola tanah maupun masyarakat sebagai pengguna tanah. Hal ini karena luas tanah tetap tetapi yang menggunakantanah, dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Masalah yang muncul adalah upaya untuk tetap menjaga keseimbangan lingkungankhususnya dalam kaitan dengan penggunaan tanah agar tetap sesuai dengan arahan dalam RTRW dan LP2B. Penelitian dilakukan diKabupaten Temanggung. Pendekatan spasial dilakukan dengan cara analisis tumpang susun (overlay) peta-peta. Objek penelitiannyaadalah Peta Penggunaan Tanah (PT) di lokasi penelitian. Peta PT ini selanjutnya dikorelasikan dengan Peta Rencana Tata RuangWilayah (RTRW) dan Peta Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Instrumen yangdigunakan dalam pengendalian penggunaan tanah terdiri dari Peta Penggunaan Tanah (PT), Peta (RTRW), dan (LP2B). Kesesuaianantar instrumen pengendalian penggunaan tanah tersebut dapat dijelaskan bahwa 78,13 % sesuai. antara RTRW dengan PT, dan21,87 % tidak sesuai. Antara LP2B dengan PT 75,55 % sesuai dan 24,45 % tidak sesuai. Antara RTRW dengan LP2B 89,45 %sesuai dan 10,55 % tidak sesuai.Keywords: Land Use, Spatial Planning, Sustainable Agricultural Land

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