scholarly journals Hypophosphataemia in confused half-marathon runners: A report of two cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yat Hei Lo ◽  
Ka Leung Mok
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
With Memory

Introduction: Severe hypophosphataemia may occur in long distance runners presenting to Accident & Emergency (A&E) department with exertional heat illness. Case presentation: A 46-year-old man who collapsed in half marathon race was found to have raised body temperature (38.8°C) and confused with memory loss in the Accident & Emergency department. His amnesia was persistent even after his body temperature was normalized. He was found to have severe hypophosphataemia (0.21 mmol/L; reference range: 0.74 - 1.4 mmol/L). He had a neurological recovery after phosphate replacement. Another 45-year-old female half marathon runner was found to have moderate hypophosphataemia (0.5 mmol/L) co-presenting with exertional heat illness. Discussion: Moderate to severe hypophosphataemia complicated the clinical picture of the two cases presented with exertional heat illness. Causes of hypophosphataemia in runners are multifactorial. Conclusion: Emergency physician should be alert of profound hypophosphataemia as a complication in heat exertional illness.

Profile of creatine kinase isoenzymes in skeletal muscles of marathon runners.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F S Apple ◽  
M A Rogers ◽  
W M Sherman ◽  
D L Costill ◽  
F C Hagerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Isoenzyme Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Abstract The proportion of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme MB activity was increased in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from five long-distance runners, both 2 h before (mean 7.7%, SD 2.4%) and 30 min after (mean 7.2%, SD 1.2%) a marathon race, as compared with that in biopsies from five nonrunners (controls less than or equal to 1.0%). Further, mitochondrial CK and CK-BB isoenzymes were present in homogenates of the runners' skeletal muscle samples but not in those of the nonrunners. However, there were no substantial differences in the mean total CK activities per gram (wet wt.) of muscle tissue among premarathon samples, postmarathon samples, and nonrunners' samples (3148, 3365, and 3049 U/g, respectively). We conclude that the metabolically active gastrocnemius muscle of long-distance runners is qualitatively similar to the heart muscle in its CK isoenzyme composition.

Adaptive modifications in the thermoregulatory system of long-distance runners

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Baum ◽  
K. Bruck ◽  
H. P. Schwennicke
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Thermoregulatory System ◽  
Sweating Threshold

In seven long-distance runners (42 km or more) the thermoregulatory responses to acute external cooling and heating, under resting conditions, were recorded and compared with those in physically untrained controls. Sweating as well as shivering thresholds were significantly decreased in the runners when compared either in terms of mean body temperature (Tb) or esophageal temperature (Tes); Tb and Tes were reduced in the runners at rest under thermoneutral conditions. Moreover, cold sensation in the runners occurred at lower Tb. The runners thus behaved as if the “set point” of their thermoregulatory system had been reset to a lower level. As for the sweating threshold, the shift is quantitatively comparable to that found in heat adaptation. The described modifications in long-distance runners would prolong the time period until a dangerous body temperature-one of the important limiting factors in physical endurance-is reached during heavy exercise.

Creatine kinase isoenzyme MM variants in skeletal muscle and plasma from marathon runners.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
F S Apple ◽  
M A Rogers ◽  
J L Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Variant Form ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme ◽  
Before And After

Abstract We investigated the patterns of variants of creatine kinase isoenzyme MM (CK-MM) in gastrocnemius muscle and plasma sampled from male and female long-distance runners before and after a marathon race. The proportions of CK-MM variants MM1 (pI 6.90) and MM2 (pI 6.62), identified in the skeletal muscle from both sexes, did not differ significantly from those in skeletal muscle from nonrunning controls or from heart muscle. CK-MM1 was the major (84-85% of total CK-MM) variant form. Patterns of CK-MM in plasma collected from male runners 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the race were similar to those for female runners, but we detected two new additional variants, which we designate MM1B (pI 6.76) and MM2B (pI 6.49). For both sexes the total CK-MM activities in plasma were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater after the race, but the women's total CK-MM activities were significantly (p less than 0.05) less than the men's. The rates of disappearance of MM1, MM2, and MM3 from plasma after the race differed significantly (p less than 0.05) between men and women, MM1 clearing the fastest. Determination of the CK-MM variants in plasma after strenuous exercise may be of help in assessing CK release from injured skeletal muscle.

The Effect of Periodization and Training Intensity Distribution on Middle- and Long-Distance Running Performance: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kenneally ◽  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Jordan Santos-Concejero
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Contradictory Finding

This review aimed to examine the current evidence for 3 primary training intensity distribution types: (1) pyramidal training, (2) polarized training, and (3) threshold training. Where possible, the training intensity zones relative to the goal race pace, rather than physiological or subjective variables, were calculated. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched in May 2017 for original research articles. After analysis of 493 resultant original articles, studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) Their participants were middle- or long-distance runners; (2) they analyzed training intensity distribution in the form of observational reports, case studies, or interventions; (3) they were published in peer-reviewed journals; and (4) they analyzed training programs with a duration of 4 wk or longer. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, which included 6 observational reports, 3 case studies, 6 interventions, and 1 review. According to the results of this analysis, pyramidal and polarized training are more effective than threshold training, although the latest is used by some of the best marathon runners in the world. Despite this apparent contradictory finding, this review presents evidence for the organization of training into zones based on a percentage of goal race pace, which allows for different periodization types to be compatible. This approach requires further development to assess whether specific percentages above and below race pace are key to inducing optimal changes.

Introversion-Extraversion Measures in Elite and Nonelite Distance Runners

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Population Norms

In this study were examined introversion-extraversion scores of 25 female and 73 male marathon runners with different performance levels. An attempt was made to verify whether long-distance runners are more introverted than other athletes and population norms. Training mileage and running experience were examined for their association with introversion-extra-version. Subjects' scores were similar to the population norms for introversion-extraversion and no significant differences were noted between the successful and unsuccessful performers. A significant interaction of sex with performance reflected higher scores for the elite women.

Athlete Identity and Eating Pathology in Distance Runners: When Compulsive Exercise Matters

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-657
Author(s):  
Sasha Gorrell ◽  
Drew A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Compulsive Exercise ◽  
Exercise Identity

Purpose: The current study evaluated associations between exercise identity (Exercise Identity Scale; EIS), compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test; CET), and their association with Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire (EDE-Q) scores among adult runners registered for mid- and long-distance races (N = 282, 48.2% male). Methods: Runners of half and full marathon races completed the EIS, CET, and EDE-Q. Results: Regression analyses indicated that increased EIS, b = −.21, and CET, b = −3.25, scores contribute to decreased eating pathology amongst half-marathon runners; a significant interaction effect emerged for EIS × CET scores, b = .08, such that relations between EIS and EDEQ scores were significant among runners reporting either lower or higher CET scores. These associations were not demonstrated in marathon runners. Conclusions: Results suggest that it is beneficial to consider running status when addressing the effect that exercise identity and compulsive exercise may have on eating pathology in competitive runners.

scholarly journals The Appropriation of Product Design as Solution to Minimise Risk of Exertional Heat Illness among Marathon Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6A) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mohd Najib Abdullah Sani ◽  
Azrul Amri Amran ◽  
Muhammad Jameel Mohamed Kamil ◽  
Hanim Romainoor ◽  
Louis Ringah Kanyan
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness

scholarly journals Observations on Olympic athletes

1929 ◽  
Vol 105 (737) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The Subject

The results of the experiments of Furusawa, Hill and Parkinson (1) at Cornell indicated that observations, by electrical timing methods, on the world's fastest sprinters, might be of considerable physiological interest. One of us (C. H. B.) had hoped to collaborate with Hill in studies of this kind at the Amsterdam Olympic Games, but it was found impossible to make the necessary arrangements. At these games the 100-metre and the 200-metre events were won by P. Williams, who since has several times equalled the world's record for the indoor 60-yards race. the women's 400-metre relay event was won by the Canadian team, and a new world's record for the distance was established. The fastest member of this team now claims the world's record for 100 metres; her times for the 50- and 60-yard indoor races are the fastest that have been officially recorded. It has been possible recently to conduct electrical timing experiments, using these Canadian athletes as subjects. The results of these observations and a discussion of them form the first part of this paper. In the second part the results of a short study of the blood sugar content of "Marathon" runners at the end of the race are given. The change in the sugar content in the blood of athletes, attributable to muscular exercise, has received considerable attention. No attempt to review the subject completely will be made here. The blood sugar content is often appreciably raised by short sprints, but this is not always the case. Several reports on the low blood sugar values found in runners at the end of long distance races have appeared. In 1924 Levine, Gordon and Derick (2) determined the blood sugar content of 11 long distance runners. The blood samples were obtained from a vein and were secured in from 2 to 30 minutes after the finish of the race. In four of these runners a blood sugar of 0·050 per cent. or less was found, and in two others the value was 0·065 per cent. In three of the others the amount was within normal limits. The remaining two had higher values, presumably due to the food they consumed before the blood sample was secured.

Personality Assessment of The Elite Women Long Distance Runners of India

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Annu Annu ◽  
◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Malkeet Kaur ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance
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