scholarly journals Effects of Antigen-Retrieval Pretreatments for Immunohistochemical Detection of Akabane Viral Antigen

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Haritani ◽  
Yasuhiro Hirogari ◽  
Masanori Kubo ◽  
Hideki Sato ◽  
Masaru Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Antigen Retrieval ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection

scholarly journals Antigen Masking During Fixation and Embedding, Dissected

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Rossana Scalia ◽  
Giovanna Boi ◽  
Maddalena Maria Bolognesi ◽  
Lorella Riva ◽  
Marco Manzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Antigen Retrieval ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Paraffin Embedding ◽  
Multiple Factors

Antigen masking in routinely processed tissue is a poorly understood process caused by multiple factors. We sought to dissect the effect on antigenicity of each step of processing by using frozen sections as proxies of the whole tissue. An equivalent extent of antigen masking occurs across variable fixation times at room temperature. Most antigens benefit from longer fixation times (>24 hr) for optimal detection after antigen retrieval (AR; for example, Ki-67, bcl-2, ER). The transfer to a graded alcohol series results in an enhanced staining effect, reproduced by treating the sections with detergents, possibly because of a better access of the polymeric immunohistochemical detection system to tissue structures. A second round of masking occurs upon entering the clearing agent, mostly at the paraffin embedding step. This may depend on the non-freezable water removal. AR fully reverses the masking due both to the fixation time and the paraffin embedding. AR itself destroys some epitopes which do not survive routine processing. Processed frozen sections are a tool to investigate fixation and processing requirements for antigens in routine specimens.

scholarly journals Clinical and Pathological Findings in SARS-CoV-2 Disease Outbreaks in Farmed Mink (Neovison vison)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jan Molenaar ◽  
Sandra Vreman ◽  
Renate W Hakze-van der Honing ◽  
Rob Zwart ◽  
Jan de Rond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Postmortem Finding

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, caused respiratory disease outbreaks with increased mortality in 4 mink farms in the Netherlands. The most striking postmortem finding was an acute interstitial pneumonia, which was found in nearly all examined mink that died at the peak of the outbreaks. Acute alveolar damage was a consistent histopathological finding in mink that died with pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infections were confirmed by detection of viral RNA in throat swabs and by immunohistochemical detection of viral antigen in nasal conchae, trachea, and lung. Clinically, the outbreaks lasted for about 4 weeks but some animals were still polymerase chain reaction–positive for SARS-CoV-2 in throat swabs after clinical signs had disappeared. This is the first report of the clinical and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in mink farms.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical detection of the androgen receptor with monoclonal antibody F39.4 in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded human tissues after microwave pre-treatment.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1169-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Janssen ◽  
A O Brinkmann ◽  
W J Boersma ◽  
T H Van der Kwast
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Antigen Retrieval ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Formalin Fixed Tissue ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Pre Treatment

We describe the immunohistochemical detection of the human androgen receptor (AR) in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue with the monoclonal antibody (MAb) F39.4. Deparaffinized sections were heated in a microwave oven for antigen retrieval. A panel of human male- and female-derived tissues was investigated. We observed a nuclear staining pattern consistent with previous results on frozen sections. Moreover, we studied the possibility of detecting AR in prolonged formalin-fixed tissue and in paraffin-embedded archival material. After prolonged fixation times or long-term storage of paraffin-embedded tissue, the staining intensity for the AR did not deteriorate. Blocking experiments with the specific synthetic peptides demonstrated the specificity of this technique. We conclude that this method is specific, allows retrospective AR studies, and offers optimally preserved morphology.

Classical Swine Fever: Pathology of Bone Marrow

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gómez-Villamandos ◽  
F. J. Salguero ◽  
E. Ruiz-Villamor ◽  
P. J. Sánchez-Cordón ◽  
M. J. Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Twenty pigs were inoculated with a virulent isolate (Quillota strain) of classical swine fever (CSF) virus to determine the chronological development of lesions in bone marrow. Histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical (detection of viral antigen gp55, myeloid-histiocyte antigen, CD3 antigen, and FVIII-rag), and morphometric techniques were employed. Viral antigen was detected from 2 days postinfection (dpi) in stromal and haematopoitic cells, and severe atrophy related to apoptosis of haematopoitic cells was observed. Megakaryocytes (MKs) did not show significant changes in number, but there were important qualitative changes including 1) increased numbers of cloud-nuclei MKs, microMKs, apoptotic MKs, and atypical nucleated MKs and 2) decreased number of typical nucleated MKs. Morphometric study of these cells showed a decrease in cytoplasmic area. MK infection was detected from 2 dpi, but in a small percentage of cells. Myeloid cells showed quantitative changes, with an increase in granulocyte numbers. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and viral infection of erythroblasts were also observed. The main changes in stroma were depletion of T lymphocytes in the middle phase of the experiment and macrophages. Viral infection was also observed in these cells. MK lesions suggest dysmegakaryocytopoiesis, which would aggravate the thrombocytopenia already present and could be responsible for it. Granulocyte changes would lead to the appearance of circulating immature forms, whereas lymphocyte apoptosis in bone marrow would contribute to lymphopenia.

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