scholarly journals Differential white blood cell counts in rabbits: a comparison of the Advia 2120 and a manual method

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110078
Author(s):  
Ioannis L. Oikonomidis ◽  
Elspeth Milne ◽  
Chiara Piccinelli
Keyword(s):  
Constant Error ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Edta Anticoagulated Blood

We evaluated the performance of the Advia 2120 (Siemens) differential leukocyte count (A-Diff) compared to the manual method (M-Diff) in rabbits. EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples collected for diagnostic purposes were analyzed within 6 h of collection. The M-Diff was performed blindly by 2 observers on blood smears by counting 200 cells. We initially included 117 samples; 25 samples were excluded because of suboptimal gating of leukocytes in the Advia peroxidase cytogram or poor blood smear quality. The correlation between the A-Diff and M-Diff was very high for heterophils (r = 0.924, p < 0.001) and lymphocytes (r = 0.903, p < 0.001), high for basophils (r = 0.823, p < 0.001), moderate for monocytes (r = 0.645, p < 0.001), and low for eosinophils (r = 0.336, p = 0.001). The Passing–Bablok regression analyses revealed a small-to-moderate constant error for lymphocytes and a slight constant error for basophils. Small proportional errors were detected for heterophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The Bland–Altman analyses revealed that the Advia significantly underestimates heterophils and overestimates lymphocytes compared to M-Diff. The biases for the other leukocytes were minimal and likely clinical insignificant; however, our results, particularly for eosinophils, should be interpreted cautiously given the observed low percentages in our samples. Given the observed biases in heterophil and lymphocyte percentages in the Advia 2120 CBC results in rabbits, method-specific reference intervals should be used. The Advia can recognize leporine basophils. Evaluation of blood smears is still recommended to investigate abnormal results and erroneous cytograms reported by the Advia.

Clinical assessment of blood leukocytes, serum cytokines, and serum immunoglobulins as responses to sleep deprivation in laboratory rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. R1054-R1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Everson
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

The specific systems and mechanisms affected by sleep deprivation that may perpetuate disease processes in humans still are speculative. In laboratory rats, prolonged sleep deprivation induces a state marked by abnormal control over indigenous bacteria that results in transient infections of internal tissues and eventual lethal septicemia. The present studies investigated changes in blood, serum, and bone marrow parameters that may provide diagnostic clues to immunopathology. Prolonged sleep deprivation was produced in rats by the disk-over-water method, a well-established and selective means that does not interfere with normal waking behaviors. Measurements included bone and blood differential white blood cell counts, multiple serum cytokines and chemokines, several major Ig classes and subclasses, and serum endotoxin concentrations. The results indicated mild, regenerative neutrophilia in sleep-deprived rats, initially accompanied by immature neutrophils and later by monocytosis. The corresponding serum cytokine profile revealed an evolving proinflammatory state, particularly by high incidence of interleukin-1β, implicating mononuclear phagocytes and resident tissue cells as main intermediary sources. In addition, multiple serum Ig classes were increased by sleep deprivation without experimental administration of an exogenous antigen. Despite this immune activation, there was failure to eradicate invading bacteria and toxins, suggesting competing anti-inflammatory processes or interference with immune effector functions during sleep deprivation. Nearly all of the immune-related events that emerged as responses to sleep deprivation have been implicated as etiological or provocative factors in other disease processes and may provide means by which sleep deprivation as a risk factor in disease may become understood.

Haematological profile in foals during the first year of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (16) ◽  
pp. 503-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Faramarzi ◽  
Lon Rich
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Foals’ haematological values change constantly during their first year of life. The use of updated age-based reference intervals (RIs) is imperative for providing accurate diagnosis and optimum care for sick foals. The authors' objective was to provide updated RIs for 13 haematological values in 2, 7, 14, 30, 90, 180 and 365-day-old foals and to investigate the changes over time in each measured value. Venous blood was collected at those ages from clinically healthy foals. Thirteen haematological values were analysed. The 95% RIs were reported using a bootstrapping method. Differences over time were examined using Friedman test. RIs for each of the measured values were calculated. Results showed noticeable trends in changes over time in several values. Nevertheless, white blood cell counts significantly increased between day 2 and day 90 (P=0.011) while lymphocyte counts increased from day 2 up to day 180 (P=0.033). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (P=0.011) significantly decreased between day 2 and day 90. Normal haematological values in foals not only differ from those in adult horses but also change throughout the first year of life; thus, it is critical that clinicians use age-based RIs when treating sick foals.

A Method for Optimizing and Validating Institution-Specific Flagging Criteria for Automated Cell Counters

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1533
Author(s):  
Anthony Sireci ◽  
Robert Schlaberg ◽  
Alexander Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

Abstract Context.—Automated cell counters use alerts (flags) to indicate which differential white blood cell counts can be released directly from the instrument and which samples require labor-intensive slide reviews. The thresholds at which many of these flags are triggered can be adjusted by individual laboratories. Many users, however, use factory-default settings or adjust the thresholds through a process of trial and error. Objective.—To develop a systematic method, combining statistical analysis and clinical judgment, to optimize the flagging thresholds on automated cell counters. Design.—Data from 502 samples flagged by Sysmex XE-2100/5000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) instruments, with at least 1 of 5 user-adjustable, white blood cell count flags, were used to change the flagging thresholds for maximal diagnostic effectiveness by optimizing the Youden index for each flag (the optimization set). The optimized thresholds were then validated with a second set of 378 samples (the validation set). Results.—Use of the new thresholds reduced the review rate caused by the 5 flags from 6.5% to 2.9% and improved the positive predictive value of the flagging system for any abnormality from 27% to 37%. Conclusions.—This method can be used to optimize thresholds for flag alerts on automated cell counters of any type and to improve the overall positive predictive value of the flagging system at the expense of a reduction in the negative predictive value. A reduced manual review rate helps to focus resources on differential white blood cell counts that are of clinical significance and may improve turnaround time.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus equigenerosi Strain Le1 Invades Equine Epithelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4248-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlie Botha ◽  
Marelize Botes ◽  
Ben Loos ◽  
Carine Smith ◽  
Leon M. T. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

ABSTRACTLactobacillus equigenerosistrain Le1, a natural inhabitant of the equine gastrointestinal tract, survived pH 3.0 and incubation in the presence of 1.5% (wt/vol) bile salts for at least 2 h. Strain Le1 showed 8% cell surface hydrophobicity, 60% auto-aggregation, and 47% coaggregation withClostridium difficileC6. Only 1% of the cells adhered to viable buccal epithelial cells and invaded the cells within 20 min after contact. Preincubation of strain Le1 in a buffer containing pronase prevented adhesion to viable epithelial cells. Preincubation in a pepsin buffer delayed invasion from 20 min to 1 h. Strain Le1 did not adhere to nonviable epithelial cells. Administration ofL. equigenerosiLe1 (1 × 109CFU per 50 kg body weight) to healthy horses did not increase white blood cell numbers. Differential white blood cell counts and aspartate aminotransferase levels remained constant. Glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and urea levels remained constant during administration withL. equigenerosiLe1 but decreased during the week after administration.

White blood cell counts in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) before and after moult and after testosterone treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Paz Nava ◽  
José Pablo Veiga ◽  
Marisa Puerta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

In this study two experiments were run in parallel. To evaluate the possible influence of moult and age on differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, we captured juvenile and adult house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and housed them in outdoor aviaries. Blood was collected twice, before and after moult. Numbers of basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were higher in juveniles than in adults, whereas numbers of eosinophilic cells were similar in the two age groups. Moult induced an increase in basophils and monocytes in both juveniles and adults. This indicates that moult and age impose different immunological challenges on house sparrows. To evaluate the effect of testosterone on differential WBC counts, some house sparrows in aviaries received testosterone during the moult period. Testosterone administration reduced, though not significantly, the number of all WBC types in juveniles, and therefore appeared to have an nonspecific effect. However, the number of lymphocytes increased only in adults, which suggests a specific effect on this cell type in this age group.

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