scholarly journals Investigation of the occurrence of Angiostrongylus vasorum in coyotes in southern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110119
Author(s):  
Jonathon D. Kotwa ◽  
Manuela Schnyder ◽  
Claire M. Jardine ◽  
Peter Deplazes ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Wild Canids

In North America, the only endemic focus for Angiostrongylus vasorum (French heartworm) was historically thought to occur in the southeastern part of the island of Newfoundland. However, reports of A. vasorum infection in wild canids in West Virginia, USA, and Nova Scotia, Canada, suggest the introduction of the parasite to mainland North America. We screened for A. vasorum in coyotes from across southern Ontario. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of ELISAs for detection of circulating A. vasorum antigen (Ag-ELISA) and antibodies against A. vasorum (Ab-ELISA) designed for use in sera or blood of foxes for use with coyotes in this region. Autopsies were performed on 397 coyotes, and lung tissue extract prepared from each carcass was tested via both ELISAs. The sensitivity and specificity for both tests were estimated in the absence of a gold standard using a 2-test single population Bayesian model; sensitivity and specificity priors were based on the performance of the assays in foxes in Switzerland. Eight coyotes tested positive for A. vasorum antigen; no animal was antibody positive. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of the Ag-ELISA were 90.8% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 83.8–95.6%) and 95.5% (95% CrI: 93.4–97.2%), respectively. For the Ab-ELISA, the estimated sensitivity and specificity were 41.9% (95% CrI: 32.1–51.9%) and 98.0% (95% CrI: 96.3–99.0%), respectively. Based on these findings and negative postmortem data for the same animals, there is insufficient evidence to suggest the presence of A. vasorum in southern Ontario coyotes.

First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum in coyotes in mainland North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (24) ◽  
pp. 747-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Marie Priest ◽  
Donald T Stewart ◽  
Michael Boudreau ◽  
Jason Power ◽  
Dave Shutler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
First Report

Insects Reared from Goldenrod Galls Caused by Eurosta solidaginis Fitch (Diptera: Trypetidae) in Southern Ontario

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Judd
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Eurosta Solidaginis ◽  
Southern Ontario

Studies of the goldenrod gall caused by Eurosta solidaginis Fitch have been made by various authors who reared insects from the galls in North America, e.g. Hughes (1934), Milne (1940) and Ping (1915). Snyder (1898) described the emergence of an adult fly from a gall in Illinois. In Canada, insects have been reared from galls collected in Manitoba and the Northwest Territories by Brodie (1892), in Quebec by Fyles (1894) and in Ontario by Harrington (1895). An opportunity has been taken recently to examine specimens reared by Dr. G. Beall from galls collected at Chatham, Ontario in 1930 and to rear insects from galls in the vicinity of London, Ontario.

Association between endometritis and urocystitis in culled sows

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Biksi ◽  
N. Takács ◽  
F. Vetési ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Urogenital Tract

Slaughterhouse sampling and examination of urogenital tracts of 499 sows and gilts culled for reproductive reasons from 21 Hungarian herds were performed over a 6-year period. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of different urogenital tract lesions, and to provide sensitivity and specificity estimates for macroscopic and bacteriological examinations in the diagnosis of urocystitis and endometritis. Furthermore, the association between endometritis and urocystitis was assessed. The prevalence of main lesions of the urogenital tract was similar to that reported in other studies. The 'sensitivity' of macroscopic and bacteriological methods was determined statistically by taking histopathology as the 'Gold Standard'. As a result, the 'sensitivity' of macroscopic methods for the diagnosis of endometritis and urocystitis was ≤ 18.1% and 47.9%, respectively, while the 'sensitivity' of bacteriology for the diagnosis of the same conditions was ≤ 31.8% and 63.0%, respectively. The presumed positive association between urocystitis and endometritis was confirmed; it was not confounded by parity. Animals affected by urocystitis had a 3.5 times higher odds to simultaneously have endometritis than animals without urocystitis.

scholarly journals The role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and diffusion-weighted imaging for the differential diagnosis of obstructive biliary disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Cetiner-Alpay ◽  
Fatma Kulali ◽  
Aslihan Semiz-Oysu ◽  
Yasar Bukte ◽  
Kamil Ozdil
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
And Diffusion

Background: Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is accepted as the gold standard, there is a place for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of obstructive biliary disorders.Aim: To compare the findings of MRCP with ERCP in patients with obstructive biliary disorders and to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of MRCP combined with DWI.Study design: Retrospective, analytic, cross-sectional study.Methods: The MRCP images of 126 patients who underwent both MRCP and ERCP owing to biliary obstruction were reviewed. Nine patients were excluded because of incomplete diagnostic workup or a long period (>3 months) between MRCP and ERCP. Ninety-two patients underwent DWI, which was also evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRCP and DWI were analysed.Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRCP according to ERCP results as the gold standard was 97%, 71% and 93% for assessment of biliary dilatation; 100%, 94.7% and 97.5% for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis; 93.7%, 100% and 99% for the identification of benign strictures; 100%, 100% and 100% for the diagnosis of malignant tumours; and 100%, 100% and 100% for the detection of complicated hydatid cysts; respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI for the diagnosis of malignant tumour was 100%. In the detection of choledocholithiasis, the sensitivity and specificity of DWI was 70.8% and 100%.Conclusions: MRCP is an alternative, non-invasive, diagnostic modality, comparable with ERCP for the evaluation of pancreaticobiliary diseases. DWI can be helpful for diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and tumours.

Distribution of the middorsal stripe dimorphism in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, in eastern North America

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1643-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Schueler ◽  
Francis R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Maritime Canada ◽  
Eurasian Species

The frequency of the middorsally striped morph of Rana sylvatica in Ontario and Manitoba varies from absence in southern Ontario to 80% on the coast of Hudson Bay, with a general value of 20–30% in the boreal forest, a rise to 50% on the forest–grassland ecotone in southern Manitoba, and a decline westward to 20% on the edge of the prairies. This morph is rare in the northeastern United States and Maritime Canada. The suggested relationship between its frequency and the "grassiness" of the background on which predators view it is reexamined, and it is suggested that a linkage with earlier transformation as demonstrated in Eurasian species may explain certain anomalies.

Child Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-806
Author(s):  
ALLAN R. DE JONG ◽  
MIMI ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Iron Pyrite ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Physical Evidence

In Reply.— We thank Dr Smith for his interesting perspective regarding screening for child abuse. We had hoped our article would help physicians focus on the verbal evidence of abuse and show how insensitive the physical evidence is in predicting which child had been abused sexually. To apply the principles of sensitivity and specificity to the assessment of child abuse or sexual abuse, we must have a gold standard which characterizes these problems. Neither a child protective services decision nor a legal determination of "no proven abuse" can be used as a gold standard, unless we can accept a "gold standard" made of iron pyrite.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnosis of Malaria by Antigen Detection

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Mesbah Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md Murshed Alam ◽  
Abdul Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Age And Sex

The study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Immunochromatographic test (ICT) for antigen, using microscopy as the "gold standard" method for diagnosis of malaria. A total of 98 clinically suspected malaria patients and another 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Thick and thin films were also prepared and examined under microscope as well as Immunochromatographic test (ICT) was performed for malaria antigen. Sensitivity and specificity of ICT for antigen were 93.22% and 94.87% respectively. Keywords: Detection of malaria antigen, Immunochromatographic test   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2965 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 14-16

scholarly journals ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
ASMA AFZAL KIANI ◽  
RANA HASSAN JAVAID ◽  
ABDUL GHAFFAR ◽  
Shamrez Khan
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Pancreatic Head ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Procedure ◽  
Preoperative Ultrasonography ◽  
Initial Imaging

Objective: To evaluate the validity of ultrasonography in patients who have obstructive jaundice. Design: Descriptive study.Place and duration of study: The study was carried out from September 2006 to May 2008 in department of Radiology Combined MilitaryHospital Quetta. Patients and Methods: A total of 30 patients; 14 male and 16 female underwent operation for obstructive jaundice. All of themhad preoperative ultrasonography. The site and nature of biliary obstruction were noted and the accuracy was determined with per-operativefindings / histological diagnosis as gold standard. Results: The cause of obstructive jaundice identified by ultrasonography with reasonablesensitivity of 90% and specificity of 90% for choledocholithiasis and sensitivity of 55.5% and specificity of 95.2% for pancreatic head tumours.Conclusions: Ultrasonography should be the first and best initial imaging procedure in patients who have obstructive jaundice and showsreasonable sensitivity and specificity to identify causes of obstruction in obstructive jaundice.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Three-dimensional Ultrasonography in Detection of Endometrial Lesions compared with Hysteroscopy in Infertile Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Firoozeh Ahmadi ◽  
Farnaz Akhbari ◽  
Fatemeh Niknejad ◽  
Hadieh Haghighi ◽  
Zahra Ghahremani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Uterine Anomalies

ABSTRACT Introduction Two of the most frequent procedures performed on infertile women are two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS). Hysteroscopy is considered as the gold standard for evaluation of acquired endometrial lesions in infertile women; however, 3DUS is used as a noninvasive, less expensive, and reliable assessment method for evaluation of the intrauterine lesions in infertile women. We aimed to compare the diagnostic efficiency between 3DUS and hysteroscopy in the detection of lesions (polyps, submucous leiomyoma, and synechiae) in infertile women. Materials and methods In this prospective observational study, infertile women (n = 155) with indication of hysteroscopy were scheduled to undergo 3DUS prior to hysteroscopy from September 2010 to 2011. Women with suspected congenital uterine anomalies were excluded. The sensitivity and specificity values of 3DUS were compared with those of hysteroscopy. Hysteroscopy was used as the gold standard for diagnosis of intrauterine lesions in infertile women. Results Of the 155 women, 50 were found to have an intracavitary abnormality, 36 had polyps, 12 had myomas, and 7 had synechiae on hysteroscopic findings. Examination with 3DUS in the diagnosis of intrauterine lesions reached an accuracy of 94%, and 92.15 and 96.9% of sensitivity and specificity respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 83.9%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) was 91.3% (LR+ = 10.75, LR+ = 0.065). Conclusion According to our results, 3DUS has a reliable diagnostic accuracy for intrauterine lesions, and it may limit unnecessary hysteroscopy in patients with normal results. How to cite this article Ahmadi F, Haghighi H, Ghahremani Z, Niknejad F, Akhbari F, Ramezanali F, Chehrazi M. Diagnostic Accuracy of Three-dimensional Ultrasonography in Detection of Endometrial Lesions compared with Hysteroscopy in Infertile Women. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(4):393-397.

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