scholarly journals Isolation of a Cytopathic Virus from Weak Pigs on Farms with a History of Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
In J. Yoon ◽  
Han S. Joo ◽  
William T. Christianson ◽  
Hyun S. Kim ◽  
James E. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reference Serum

Severe clinical signs of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) of unknown cause were observed in several Minnesota swine farms between November 1990 and March 1991. Forty-five lung samples of weak pigs were collected from 13 swine farms, and virus isolation was attempted using swine alveolar macrophage (SAM) cultures. A cytopathic virus was isolated from 19 lung samples collected from 6 different farms. Four pregnant sows were infected intranasally with a tissue suspension from which virus was isolated, and 4 6-week-old pigs and 2 contact pigs were infected intranasally with 1 of the isolates. The 4 sows farrowed 12 stillborn and 32 normal pigs. Virus was recovered from 10 of 19 pigs examined. Infected 6-week-old pigs were clinically normal except for slightly elevated rectal temperatures and mild respiratory signs. No or mild interstitial pneumonic lesions were observed in inoculated pigs, but the lesion was obvious in the 2 contact pigs. Seroconversion was observed in sows and pigs as measured by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA). Serologic identification of the isolates was carried out by IFA using reference serum prepared from an experimentally infected sow. A cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed on the SAM monolayers infected with each of the 19 different isolates. Fluorescence was also observed when the monolayers were tested with SIRS virus ATCC VR-2332-infected sow sera. Replication of the isolates was not affected in the medium containing 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine but was inhibited by treatment with ether. The isolates were relatively stable at 56 C and did not agglutinate with various erythrocytes tested. These results are similar to those of previous reports, and the isolates, designated as SIRS virus, were the cause of SIRS on the farms investigated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the fluorescent gonococcal test-heated

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
H A Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

In a 1-year evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for gonorrhea, 16,127 specimens from low-and high-risk groups were examined, and the results were compared with culture, history of exposure to a known patient, and clinical signs and symptoms. The results confirmed the usefulness of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for gonorrhea as a screening procedure, especially for women in the low-risk group. The test is more economic and probably more sensitive than culture for mass screening of asymptomatic women.

scholarly journals An Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test for the Detection of Antibody to Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Swine Sera

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
In J. Yoon ◽  
Han S. Joo ◽  
William T. Christianson ◽  
Hyun S. Kim ◽  
James E. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Time Of Infection

An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was developed and standardized to detect and quantitate antibody for swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus in swine sera. Test results were evaluated using sera of pigs infected both experimentally and naturally with SIRS virus. The IFA test used swine alveolar macrophage (SAM) monolayers prepared in 96-well microplates and infected with SIRS virus. The monolayers were incubated with test sera, washed, and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit anti-swine IgG. After another wash step, the monolayers were examined under a fluorescent microscope. A noninfected SAM control well was included for each sample. The antibody titers for each serum sample were recorded as the highest serum dilutions with specific cytoplasmic fluorescence but no fluorescence in the control wells. To evaluate the test, sera of 4 6-week-old pigs that had been infected with SIRS virus, 2 contact pigs, and 13 experimentally infected sows were used. In the experimentally infected pigs, antibody was first detected at 7 days postexposure (PE) and peaked (1:256–1,024) between 11 and 21 days PE. All 13 sow sera were negative at time of infection but were positive (1:64-> 1: 1,024) at 14–26 days PE. Seven hundred twenty sera collected from 25 different swine farms with or without a history of SIRS were also tested. Of 344 sera from 15 swine farms with a clinical history of SIRS, 257 (74.7%) sera had IFA titers ≥ 1:4, whereas 371 (98.7%) of 376 sera from herds with no history of SIRS were negative. The present results indicate that the IFA is a useful test for the detection and quantitation of SIRS virus antibody in swine sera.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with a bronchial foreign body (grass awn) in a dog: a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Palumbo Piccionello ◽  
F. Dini ◽  
AM Tambella ◽  
M. Cerquetella ◽  
C. Vullo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bone Apposition ◽  
Foreign Body Removal ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grass Awn

A five-year-old dog was referred with a five-month history of lethargy, decreased appetite, cough and intermittent forelimb lameness. Radiographs revealed an intra-thoracic lesion and a marked periosteal bone apposition of the second digit on the left forelimb. As it was palisading and circumferential, the latter appeared typical of hypertrophic osteopathy (HO). A grass awn in a sub-lobar ramification of the right caudal bronchus was identified and removed by bronchoscopy. At three months follow-up, the digit appeared clinically normal. On radiographs the periosteal bone reaction had decreased, indicative of resolving hypertrophic osteopathy. Thoracic radiographs showed no abnormalities five months after foreign body removal and the bone lesion on the digit had disappeared. Successful treatment of the pulmonary foreign body abscess led to spontaneous regression of HO and eventually to complete resolution of clinical signs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of HO secondary to a bronchial-pulmonary grass an abscess.

scholarly journals Persistence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Serum and Semen of Adult Boars

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Christopher-Hennings ◽  
Eric A. Nelson ◽  
Rebecca J. Hines ◽  
Julie K. Nelson ◽  
Sabrina L. Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Four seronegative adult boars were intranasally inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate VR-2332. Serum and semen were collected 2-3 times weekly for over 100 days postinoculation (DPI). Serum samples were assayed for PRRSV by virus isolation (VI) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened for antibodies to PRRSV using the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and virus neutralization (VN) tests. Semen was assayed for PRRSV RNA by PCR. Virus or viral RNA was detected in the serum of all boars within 1 DPI by VI and/or PCR. However, VI results indicated that viremia was transient and occurred from 1 to 9 DPI. Viral RNA was detected in serum from 1 to 31 DPI. In the acute stage of the infection, PRRSV RNA was detected in serum by PCR prior to the presence of viral RNA in semen. The PRRSV RNA was detected in semen as early as 3 DPI and persisted for 25 DPI in 2 of the boars and 56 and 92 DPI in the remaining 2 boars. Detection of PRRSV RNA in semen occurred 2-8 and 28-35 days prior to the detection of antibodies by IFA and VN, respectively. PRRSV was isolated from the bulbourethral gland of the boar that shed viral RNA in semen for 92 DPI. These results suggest that PRRSV RNA can be detected by PCR in boar serum and semen, and may persist for variable periods of time. Viremia and the serologic status of the boar are not adequate indicators of when PRRSV or PRRSV RNA is being shed in the semen. Preliminary findings also indicated that neither shipping stress nor reinoculation with homologous PRRSV resulted in viremia or viral RNA shedding in semen.

A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Bażanów ◽  
A.B. Frącka ◽  
N.A. Jackulak ◽  
Z.M. Staroniewicz ◽  
S.M. Ploch
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Vero Cell Lines ◽  
Isolation Test

Abstract The purpose of the present review was a comparison of the abortions caused by EAV and EHV-1 viruses over the 34 years. A total of 452 tissues samples from aborted fetuses (347) or foals (105) stillborn or newborn that died within 72 hours were investigated. The material for the examinations came from different farms located throughout Poland. The tissue homogenates were examined by using virus isolation test in RK-13 and Vero cell lines and the cytopathic agent was confirmed as EHV-1 by the direct fluorescent antibody test or as EAV by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The study indicated that EAV was isolated (104 cases, 23%) almost as equally often as EHV-1 (116 cases, 25.6%). Both, equid herpesvirus-associated abortion and the abortion induced by EAV were characterized by cyclicity. The percentage of EAV and EHV-1 isolation alternately reduced and increased, but the increase of isolation of one virus was accompanied by the decrease of the other. The domination of one virus over the other occurred in cycles of a few years.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Clinical Virology of Lassa Fever as Evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody Test, and Virus Isolation

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2670-2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bausch ◽  
P. E. Rollin ◽  
A. H. Demby ◽  
M. Coulibaly ◽  
J. Kanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Course Of Illness

The Lassa virus (an arenavirus) is found in West Africa, where it sometimes causes a severe hemorrhagic illness called Lassa fever. Laboratory diagnosis has traditionally been by the indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) test. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for Lassa virus antigen and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies have been developed that are thought to be more sensitive and specific. We compared ELISA and IFA testing on sera from 305 suspected cases of Lassa fever by using virus isolation with a positive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test as the “gold standard.” Virus isolation and RT-PCR were positive on 50 (16%) of the 305 suspected cases. Taken together, Lassa virus antigen and IgM ELISAs were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77 to 95%) sensitive and 90% (95% CI, 88 to 91%) specific for acute infection. Due to the stringent gold standard used, these likely represent underestimates. Diagnosis could often be made on a single serum specimen. Antigen detection was particularly useful in providing early diagnosis as well as prognostic information. Level of antigenemia varied inversely with survival. Detection by ELISA of IgG antibody early in the course of illness helped rule out acute Lassa virus infection. The presence of IFA during both acute and convalescent stages of infection, as well as significant interobserver variation in reading the slides, made interpretation difficult. However, the assay provided useful prognostic information, the presence of IFA early in the course of illness correlating with death. The high sensitivity and specificity, capability for early diagnosis, and prognostic value of the ELISAs make them the diagnostic tests of choice for the detection of Lassa fever.

scholarly journals Association of Equine Herpesvirus 5 with Mild Respiratory Disease in a Survey of EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 in 407 Australian Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3418
Author(s):  
Charles El-Hage ◽  
Zelalem Mekuria ◽  
Kemperly Dynon ◽  
Carol Hartley ◽  
Kristin McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
History Of

Equine herpesviruses (EHVs) are common respiratory pathogens in horses; whilst the alphaherpesviruses are better understood, the clinical importance of the gammaherpesviruses remains undetermined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and any association between, equine respiratory herpesviruses EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 infection in horses with and without clinical signs of respiratory disease. Nasal swabs were collected from 407 horses in Victoria and included clinically normal horses that had been screened for regulatory purposes. Samples were collected from horses during Australia’s equine influenza outbreak in 2007; however, horses in Victoria required testing for proof of freedom from EIV. All horses tested in Victoria were negative for EIV, hence archived swabs were available to screen for other pathogens such as EHVs. Quantitative PCR techniques were used to detect EHVs. Of the 407 horses sampled, 249 (61%) were clinically normal, 120 (29%) presented with clinical signs consistent with mild respiratory disease and 38 (9%) horses had an unknown clinical history. Of the three horses detected shedding EHV1, and the five shedding EHV4, only one was noted to have clinical signs referable to respiratory disease. The proportion of EHV5-infected horses in the diseased group (85/120, 70.8%) was significantly greater than those not showing signs of disease (137/249, 55%). The odds of EHV5-positive horses demonstrating clinical signs of respiratory disease were twice that of EHV5-negative horses (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.16). No quantitative difference between mean loads of EHV shedding between diseased and non-diseased horses was detected. The clinical significance of respiratory gammaherpesvirus infections in horses remains to be determined; however, this survey adds to the mounting body of evidence associating EHV5 with equine respiratory disease.

Nasopharyngeal stenosis treated with mechanical dilatation in a domestic longhair cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001061
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Michalik ◽  
Jonathan Spurgeon
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Inflammation

A seven-year-old domestic longhair cat was referred with a history of recurrent stertor following conservative treatment. Nasopharyngoscopy showed a stenosis with an opening of 2 mm, which was dilated with cotton buds of increasing size. Histopathology of the stenosed tissues revealed chronic active inflammation. Dilatation relieved the clinical signs for four years before recurrence. The same procedure was repeated after the stenosis recurred, but the improvement lasted for only two weeks. At that point, a ‘balloon dilatation’ was performed using a Foley catheter. At the time of writing of this paper, the cat is still clinically normal (six months postprocedure).

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