scholarly journals Canine Mast Cell Tumors: A Comparison of Staining Techniques

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Pedro Cannas Simoes ◽  
Polly Schoning
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Safranin O

Twelve histochemical methods; affinity staining with avidin peroxidase, wheat germ agglutinin, and concavalin-A agglutinin; and an immunohistochemical stain with Kpl (CD68) antibody were compared for their relative effectiveness in staining canine mast cell tumors. Stains were compared in 28 mast cell tumors and 19 histiocytomas. The effectiveness of the histochemical methods and the lectins decreased as the mast cells became less differentiated. None of the staining methods were positive on histiocytomas. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) gave positive results in a few cases of mast cell tumors where other histochemical stains were negative. Although avidin peroxidase and Kpl antibody stained more mast cell tumors than any other method, they did not differ significantly from Luna's method, toluidine blue pH 0.5, toluidine blue pH 4.5, alcian blue pH 2.5, safranin O, Unna's method, and Giemsa. No stain was ideal for the diagnosis of canine mast cell tumors; however, this study suggests that the use of avidin peroxidase, Kpl antibody, and PAS may give additional information for individual poorly differentiated tumors without substantial increase in time or cost.

scholarly journals Glycol methacrylate embedding for the histochemical study of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J.W. Pinto ◽  
I.F.G. De Amorim ◽  
L.J. Pinheiro ◽  
I.M.V.M. Madeira ◽  
C.C. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glycol Methacrylate

<p>In canine visceral leishmaniasis a diffuse chronic inflammatory exudate and an intense parasite load throughout the gastrointestinal tract has been previously reported. However, these studies did not allow a properly description of canine cellular morphology details. The aim of our study was to better characterize these cells in carrying out a qualitative and quantitative histological study in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected with <em>Leishmania</em> <em>infantum </em>by examining gut tissues embedded in glycol methacrylate. Twelve infected adult dogs were classified in asymptomatic and symptomatic. Five uninfected dogs were used as controls. After necropsy, three samples of each gut segment, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum were collected and fixed in Carnoy’s solution for glycol methacrylate protocols. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue borate, and periodic acid–Schiff stain. <em>Leishmania</em> amastigotes were detected by immunohistochemistry employed in both glycol methacrylate and paraffin embedded tissues. The quantitative histological analysis showed higher numbers of plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages in lamina propria of all segments of GIT of infected dogs than controls. The parasite load was more intense and cecum and colon, independently of the clinical status of these dogs. Importantly, glycol methacrylate embedded tissue stained with toluidine blue borate clearly revealed mast cell morphology, even after mast cell degranulation. Infected dogs showed lower numbers of mast cells in all gut segments than did controls.  Despite the glycol methacrylate (GMA) protocol requires more attention and care than the conventional paraffin processing, this embedding procedure proved to be especially suitable for the present histological study, where it allowed to preserve and observe cell morphology in fine detail.</p>

Some Observations upon the Cytology of the Pars Distalis of the Surgically-removed Human Pituitary

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (39) ◽  
pp. 379-391
Author(s):  
C. L. FOSTER
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Lipid Inclusions ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Human Anterior Pituitary

Human anterior pituitary tissue that had been removed at operation and immediately fixed was examined by a number of cytological and histochemical methods and by phase contrast and electron microscopy, and compared with similar material obtained post mortem. The general histological picture of good post-mortem material (not more than 4 hours post mortem) compared well with the surgically-removed tissue. For the study of silver impregnations of the Golgi substance, however, material removed at operation was found to be greatly superior. Evidence was obtained showing that the intracellular lipid inclusions seen post mortem were not artifacts resulting from cytolytic changes. There appeared to be no relationship between these lipid bodies and the Golgi material as revealed by the Aoyama method. No unequivocal dimorphism of the Golgi bodies, correlated with α- and β-cells, such as has been reported to occur in certain other mammals, was observed. Phospholipid was present in the granules of a substantial proportion of the α-cells. It was found that most of the cells which had been designated as β-cells after the application of certain routine staining methods, and most of the Gram-positive cells, reacted positively to the Periodic acid Schiff test: these cells could therefore be regarded as true β- or mucoid cells. A method for the demonstration in frozen sections of the cell-types, together with the lipid inclusions, is described.

scholarly journals Histochemical and Autoradiographic Studies on the Effects of Aging on the Mucopolysaccharides of the Periosteum

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar A. Tonna ◽  
Eugene P. Cronkite
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Schiff Reaction ◽  
Effects Of Aging

An autoradiographic study was made using S35-sulfate for the localization, distribution, and variation in the mucopolysaccharide content of the femoral periosteum of rats from birth to old age. The mucopolysaccharides were also studied histochemically, using toluidine blue O, Rinehart and Abu'l-Haj's colloidal iron method, and the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, before and after hyaluronidase treatment. Autoradiograms revealed the uptake of S35 particularly in the vicinity of the preosseous zone and adjacent osteoblasts. This labelling was highest at the period of rapid bone growth. With increasing age, the S35 uptake became progressively less. The preosseous zone showed γ-metachromatic staining at all ages after treatment with toluidine blue. Active osteoblasts were mostly orthochromatic, however, ß-metachromasia was exhibited at a later age. Abundant amounts of intra- and extracellular mucopolysaccharides of both the acid and neutral type were demonstrated in the periosteum. S35 uptake and γ-metachromasia show the presence of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, of which chondroitin sulfate predominates in the preosseous zone. Since S35 uptake is high in active osteoblasts, the inability to demonstrate metachromasia in osteoblasts may indicate either that chondroitin sulfate is liberated as fast as it is being produced, or that it may be present within the cells in a precursor form not detectable by histochemical methods.

scholarly journals METACHROMASIA INHIBITING COMPONENTS IN AMYLOID

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
BØRGE LARSEN
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Tissue Sections

I): The degree of inhibitory effect of serum proteins and a periodic acid Schiff-positive amyloid fraction on metachromasia resulting from a metachromatic amyloid fraction was studied and compared to the metachromatic potency of chondroitin sulfate exposed to the same type of inhibition. The metachromatic properties of chondroitin sulfate were close to those of the metachromatic amyloid fraction. II): In comparing the metachromasia obtained with toluidine blue and methyl violet, it was noted that on incubation with the periodic acid Schiff-positive amyloid fraction, amyloid metachromosia after methyl violet staining was inhibited less than after toluidine blue staining. III): It is emphasized that a competition between dye and proteins occurs in metachromatic staining reactions. IV): Inhibition of amyloid metachromasia in histological tissue sections could not be demonstrated with the techniques used.

Mast cell infiltration associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichao Wu ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Weixin Hu ◽  
Leishi Li
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Aristolochic Acid ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy

Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy (AAN) is regarded as a kind of toxic nephropathy caused by the formation of DNA- aristolochic acid adducts in renal parenchymal cells. However, the underlying mechanisms driving the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in AAN still remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of some immunological factors, especially mast cells (MCs), in the pathogenesis of AAN. Sixteen patients with AAN were enrolled in this study, including five acute and 11 chronic AAN. Monoclonal antibodies against human tryptase, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and CD68 were applied on serial sections, which were further counterstained with Periodic Acid-Schiff. It was found that massive tryptase-positive MCs were observed in the fibrotic areas in chronic AAN, especially around thickened tubular basement membranes where myofibroblasts accumulated too. In contrast, MCs infiltrated to a less extent in acute AAN, and were barely found in normal control kidneys. In chronic AAN, the number of MCs in the tubulointerstitium was positively correlated with the degree of renal fibrosis ( r=0.64, P<0.05), but not with serum creatinine levels. Meanwhile, the recruitment of MCs into the renal interstitium is accompanied with local proliferation of myofibroblasts. Macrophages were not abundant, neither in acute nor in chronic AAN. Our findings show for the first time that mast cell infiltration seems to be associated with the progression of fibrosis in the renal tubulointerstitium in chronic AAN.

scholarly journals The presence of mast cell precursors in rat peripheral blood

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Zucker-Franklin ◽  
G Grusky ◽  
N Hirayama ◽  
E Schnipper
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Agar Culture

Abstract Soft agar culture of mononuclear cell fractions prepared from rat peripheral blood yielded numerous colonies consisting of mast cells. The mast cell nature of the cells was established by ultrastructural and histochemical analyses as well as by the demonstration the the colonies contained histamine and that the cells possessed receptors for the Fc component of IgE. Stringent criteria for the distinction of mast cells from monocytes/macrophages that could have metachromatic inclusions were applied. The alcian-blue-safranin technique delineated the maturation of mast cell granules by showing the loss of alcian-blue and increase in safranin-positive organelles presumed to reflect the increase in N-sulfated polysaccharides representing heparin. The mast cells exhibited low or absent reactions for peroxidase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate, periodic acid Schiff, and Sudan black reacting lipid, whereas macrophages stained in parallel were positive for these substances. Since it is known that extracellular conditions may cause variations in phenotypic expression, the observations have led to the hypothesis that mast cells and macrophages may have a common precursor.

scholarly journals Relationship between the morphologic alterations of vocal cords from adult autopsies and the cause of death

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karina Marques Salge ◽  
Eumenia Costa da Cunha Castro ◽  
Mara Lúcia Fonseca Ferraz ◽  
Marlene Antônia dos Reis ◽  
Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the possible alteration in the thickness of the epithelium basal membrane of the vocal cords and correlate it with the cause of death. METHOD: Larynxes collected from adult autopsies during the period of 1993 to 2001 were utilized. We used the hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining methods for the morphological and morphometric analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-six vocal cords were analysed; increased thickness was identified in 14 cases (21.2%), with equal proportions between the genders. Increased vocal-cord thickness was more frequent in patients of the white ethnicity (12 cases, 85.7%). Respiratory alterations were found in 10 (71.4%) of the cases with increased vocal-cord thickness. Of the patients that were maintained with mechanical ventilation before death, 7 (18.4%) had thickening of the basal membrane. Among the smokers, 9 (19.63%) had basal membrane thickening. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant differences were found between the cases in which the cause of death was related to respiratory diseases as compared to non-respiratory diseases and the thickening of the basal membrane of the vocal cords. However, new studies are needed in order to verify the etiopathogenesis of this thickening.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION RESISTANCE OF SUDAN STAINED MAST CELLS AFTER PREVIOUS ACID TREATMENT

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. FEAGLER ◽  
J. F. A. MCMANUS
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chemical Property ◽  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Sudan Dye

1. Sudan black B alone stains the mast cells very faintly. The granules do not appear very distinct or numerous. 2. The periodic acid Schiff (PAS) technique stains the mast cells; however, the results are variable. When stained, the mast cell granules appear slightly darker than the cytoplasm. 3. When PAS and Sudan black are used together, the mast cell granules gain an avidity for the dye and are stained black. 4. Brief acid treatment prior to immersion in Sudan black results in granules gaining an avidity for the Sudan dye that is extraction resistant. The reaction appears dependent upon modifying the mast cell granules by acid treatment. It appears as though the hydrogen ion changes some physical or chemical property of the granules so that they gain an avidity for the dye. 5. Acetylated Sudan black shows an affinity for the mast cell granules greater than Sudan black alone. This is not increased by previous acid treatment. Acetylated Sudan black also stains the mast cell nucleus.

scholarly journals The presence of mast cell precursors in rat peripheral blood

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-551
Author(s):  
D Zucker-Franklin ◽  
G Grusky ◽  
N Hirayama ◽  
E Schnipper
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Agar Culture

Soft agar culture of mononuclear cell fractions prepared from rat peripheral blood yielded numerous colonies consisting of mast cells. The mast cell nature of the cells was established by ultrastructural and histochemical analyses as well as by the demonstration the the colonies contained histamine and that the cells possessed receptors for the Fc component of IgE. Stringent criteria for the distinction of mast cells from monocytes/macrophages that could have metachromatic inclusions were applied. The alcian-blue-safranin technique delineated the maturation of mast cell granules by showing the loss of alcian-blue and increase in safranin-positive organelles presumed to reflect the increase in N-sulfated polysaccharides representing heparin. The mast cells exhibited low or absent reactions for peroxidase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate, periodic acid Schiff, and Sudan black reacting lipid, whereas macrophages stained in parallel were positive for these substances. Since it is known that extracellular conditions may cause variations in phenotypic expression, the observations have led to the hypothesis that mast cells and macrophages may have a common precursor.

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