The Dark Side of Entrepreneurs’ Creativity: Investigating How and When Entrepreneurs’ Creativity Increases the Favorability of Potential Opportunities That Harm Nature

2020 ◽  
pp. 104225872091558
Author(s):  
Xin Qin ◽  
Dean A. Shepherd ◽  
Daomi Lin ◽  
Sujuan Xie ◽  
Xueji Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Disengagement Theory

Entrepreneurs’ creativity is the starting point of opportunity identification, exploitation, and innovation, so it is generally lauded by journalists, citizen observers, practitioners, and scholars. However, they may overstate the benefits of creative entrepreneurs while neglecting their potential costs. Building on moral disengagement theory, we theorize that a creative mindset enables entrepreneurs to generate reasons to justify their potentially environment-destroying behaviors (i.e., nature disengagement), which in turn increases their favorability of potential opportunities that harm nature. We first developed and validated a scale for measuring nature disengagement and then conducted two randomized between-subject experiments with active entrepreneurs. The empirical results largely supported our theoretical model of the dark side of creativity in the entrepreneurship context.

scholarly journals Health and Risk Behaviors of Bystanders: An Integrative Theoretical Model of Bystanders’ Reactions to Mistreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5552
Author(s):  
Yariv Itzkovich ◽  
Ella Barhon ◽  
Rachel Lev-Wiesel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
New Applications

This article constructs a comprehensive theoretical model that outlines bystanders’ emotional and behavioral responses to the mistreatment of adolescent peers. The model captures bystanders’ risk and health risk behaviors, which have been overlooked in the context of their reactions; when addressed at all in connection with bystanders of bullying among adolescents, they have been treated separately. Here, we present bystanders’ emotional and cognitive reactions and their impact on bystanders’ responses including a set of responses that demonstrate risk and health risk behaviors that are directed to the bystander as a victim by proxy. The theoretical framework is the conservation of resources theory, which posits that personal resources (i.e., potency and moral disengagement) and social resources impact the process that leads to bystanders’ reactions. Previous models have overlooked the integrative viewpoint of bystanders, and comprehensive models that explain bystanders’ behavioral and emotional responses have received little attention especially with regards to adolescents. Two recent models overlooked core features embedded in the current model, including the risk and health risk behaviors that it integrates. The proposed model presents a novel and more comprehensive view of bystanders’ reactions and the process underlying these reactions. It integrates existing knowledge embedded in other existing models. At the same time, this perspective indicates the centricity of potency as a key resource that dictates the emotional response and behaviors of bystanders. This potentially allows for new applications in the mitigation of adverse impacts that follow the witnessing of mistreatment. The article discusses these applications, which are based on previous findings, their implications for practice, and directions for future empirical research necessary to validate the model.

“If not Mine, She Won't Belong to Another”: Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement in a Femicide Perpetrator from Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110389
Author(s):  
Amanda Regis-Moura ◽  
Leonardo B. Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Bonfá-Araujo ◽  
Fabio Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Case File ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
Brazilian Case

Case files can show how aggressors use different explanations to reduce the seriousness of their crime. We aimed to identify and categorize a 2016 Brazilian case file from a perpetrator of femicide, based on moral disengagement theory. Content analysis yielded 47 verbalized excerpts, with 70 disengagement occurrences. The most frequently used mechanisms throughout the aggressor's speeches consisted of moral justification and blaming the victim herself. Results indicated that he reduced the seriousness of the femicide and sought reduction of the consequences. We discuss how speeches in criminal cases can serve as a secondary source for producing data on violence.

Do Imports Increase Unemployment? Empirical Estimates That Are Not Model Dependent

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-469
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Leightner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

Some Ricardian models would predict a fall in unemployment with trade liberalization. In contrast, the Heckscher-Ohlin model (Stolper Samuelson Theorem) would predict trade liberalization would cause a fall in wages for labor scarce countries, resulting in greater unemployment if there are wage rigidities. The choice of which theoretical model is used affects the empirical results obtained. This paper produces estimates of the change in unemployment due to a change in imports that are not model dependent. The estimates produced are total derivatives that capture all the ways that imports and unemployment are correlated. I find that unemployment increases with increased imports for Austria, Greece, Japan, Portugal, South Korea, Slovenia, and Sweden, but that unemployment decreases with increased imports for Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the UK, and the US.

Examining the dark side of human resource analytics: an empirical investigation using the privacy calculus approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheshadri Chatterjee ◽  
Ranjan Chaudhuri ◽  
Demetris Vrontis ◽  
Evangelia Siachou
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employee Privacy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Privacy Calculus

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the negative consequences of human resource analytics applications using the privacy calculus approach.Design/methodology/approachBy using the existing literature and privacy calculus theory, a theoretical model has been developed. This model helps to examine the benefits and risks associated with HR analytics applications. The theoretical model was validated using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique with 315 respondents from different organizations.FindingsHR analytics provides multiple benefits to employees and organizations. But employee privacy may be compromised due to unauthorized access to employee data. There are also security concerns about the uncontrolled use of these applications. Tracking employees without their consent increases the risk. The study suggests that appropriate regulation is necessary for using HR analytics.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on cross-sectional data from a specific region. A longitudinal study would have provided more comprehensive results. This study considers five predictors, including other boundary conditions that could enhance the model’s explanative power. Also, data from other countries could improve the proposed model.Practical implicationsThe proposed model is useful for HR practitioners and other policymakers in organizations. Appropriate regulations are important for HR analytics applications. The study also highlights various employee privacy and security-related issues emerging from HR analytics applications. The study also discusses the role of leadership support for the appropriate usage of HR analytics.Originality/valueOnly a few research studies have explored the issues of HR analytics and its consequences. The proposed theoretical model is the first to consider the negative consequence of HR analytics through privacy calculus theory. In this perspective, the research is considered to be novel.

Using Demonstration to Increase New Product Acceptance: Controlling Demonstration Time

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Heiman ◽  
Eitan Muller
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
New Products ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
New Product ◽  
Computer Industry ◽  
Experience Goods ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Motor Vehicle Industry

One of the major ways that manufacturers decrease the uncertainty that is involved in making a choice between competing brands of experience goods is through demonstrations of their new products. The authors investigate the issue of the length of a demonstration and, in particular, provide answers to the following three questions: What is the optimal length of a demonstration? Does the optimal length vary between different products? Does the optimal length vary between different consumers? They analyze 225 cases from the motor vehicle industry and 46 cases from the computer industry with regard to number and length of demonstrations offered and relate the findings to their theoretical model. The empirical results yield strong support for their theory. They also find that most firms offered a longer demonstration than needed and failed to use an appropriate segmentation technique for optimizing the demonstration with respect to different consumer groups.

Origins of Early Democracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI T. AHMED ◽  
DAVID STASAVAGE
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Information Asymmetries ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Information Problem

The idea that rulers must seek consent before making policy is key to democracy. We suggest that this practice evolved independently in a large fraction of human societies where executives ruled jointly with councils. We argue that council governance was more likely to emerge when information asymmetries made it harder for rulers to extract revenue, and we illustrate this with a theoretical model. Giving the population a role in governance became one means of overcoming the information problem. We test this hypothesis by examining the correlation between localized variation in agricultural suitability and the presence of council governance in the Standard Cross Cultural Sample. As a further step, we suggest that executives facing substantial information asymmetries could also have an alternative route for resource extraction—develop a bureaucracy to measure variation in productivity. Further empirical results suggest that rule by bureaucracy could substitute for shared rule with a council.

scholarly journals Doubtfulness – A Dialogical Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puchalska-Wasyl ◽  
Piotr Oleś
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Internal Dialogue ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inner Dialogue ◽  
Human Thinking

Abstract The current globalizing world stimulates many doubts. Doubtfulness is a starting point for inner dialogue. Internal dialogical activity often reduces the experience of uncertainty by integration of contrasting ideas. Sometimes, however, the result is quite opposite - doubts grow rather than being reduced. The paper proposes a dialogical model of doubtfulness and presents empirical findings which are consistent with the model. Additionally, the functions of doubtfulness and internal dialogue in philosophy and science are discussed. On one hand, as empirical results show, doubtfulness can be linked to anxiety which blocks human thinking and acting. On the other hand, as exemplified by Galileo, doubt demands a deeper analysis of the situation and is conducive to human development, in personal or even in socio-cultural space.

Employee Contributions to Local Government Retirement Systems: A Theoretical Analysis of Effects

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-456
Author(s):  
Gene E. Mumy
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Employee Compensation ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Retirement System ◽  
Retirement Systems ◽  
Theoretical Results

The purpose of this article is to construct a theoretical model capable of assessing the extent to which required employee contributions to a local government retirement system necessitate increased levels of employee compensation. It is found that increased compensation is required if the before-tax yield on retirement system assets is less than the before-tax yield on alternative assets that would be held by employees. It is also found that such increased levels of compensation generally take the form of increased pensions rather than increased wages. These theoretical results are compared with some recent empirical results obtained by Ehrenberg.

Socially mediated authenticity

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn R. Gilpin ◽  
Edward T. Palazzolo ◽  
Nicholas Brody
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Essential Components

PurposeUse of digital media channels is growing in public communication. Given the importance of public trust in government figures and agencies, combined with the risk and fear of misrepresentation inherent in online interaction, it is important to develop theoretical frameworks for investigating the ways in which authenticity is constructed in online public affairs communication. The purpose of this paper is to produce a preliminary model of authenticity in online communication, with particular emphasis on public institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first develops a theoretical model of authenticity from existing literature in various disciplines. It then uses that model to explore a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the comments on the US State Department blog, DipNote, from its inception to the end of the Bush Administration.FindingsDespite limited interactions between DipNote authors and commenters, the types and quantity of responses to posts indicate a desire by some readers to discuss the topics raised in the blog space. These responses also suggest that at least some commenters find that the blog meets their criteria for authenticity to the extent necessary to engage in community‐type interaction within its virtual boundaries. A functional‐structural analysis of the blog responses supports the essential components of the theoretical model proposed, which suggests that DipNote presents a mixed form of authenticity.Originality/valueAuthenticity is particularly important in the public sphere, and public institutions are increasingly engaging with social media as a means of connecting with constituencies. This paper proposes a starting‐point for theory development regarding this significant emerging area of communication.

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