“If not Mine, She Won't Belong to Another”: Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement in a Femicide Perpetrator from Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110389
Author(s):  
Amanda Regis-Moura ◽  
Leonardo B. Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Bonfá-Araujo ◽  
Fabio Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Case File ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
Brazilian Case

Case files can show how aggressors use different explanations to reduce the seriousness of their crime. We aimed to identify and categorize a 2016 Brazilian case file from a perpetrator of femicide, based on moral disengagement theory. Content analysis yielded 47 verbalized excerpts, with 70 disengagement occurrences. The most frequently used mechanisms throughout the aggressor's speeches consisted of moral justification and blaming the victim herself. Results indicated that he reduced the seriousness of the femicide and sought reduction of the consequences. We discuss how speeches in criminal cases can serve as a secondary source for producing data on violence.

scholarly journals Moral Justifications for Negative Screen Tourist Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Taran Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Breaking Bad ◽  
Leisure Involvement ◽  
Tourist Behaviour ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
Moral Justifications ◽  
Negative Behaviour

<p><b>Screen tourism has become increasingly more popular over the last two decades, and while it has positive benefits for stakeholders and destinations, screen tourists engaging in negative tourist behaviour has become a problem at popular screen tourism destinations. However, little is known about how screen tourists justify engaging in this negative behaviour. Bandura’s Moral Disengagement theory has been used in various non-tourism and tourism contexts to examine and explain how individuals justify negative behaviours. This thesis applies Moral Disengagement theory to negative tourist behaviour in a screen tourism context, aiming to examine screen tourists’ use of moral disengagement mechanisms to justify negative on-site tourist behaviour. It further draws on previous research and literature on fandom and level of leisure involvement to provide a better understanding of how these factors might influence screen tourists’ moral justification of negative behaviour. Data was collected using a self-administered online survey, distributed to individuals who self-identified as members of either the Breaking Bad or Game of Thrones fandoms, and received 243 eligible responses. The survey measured level of fandom involvement, participants’ use of moral disengagement mechanisms in three hypothetical scenarios presenting negative screen tourism related behaviours, and responses to Bandura’s Moral Disengagement scale. </b></p> <p>Findings from this research suggest that some screen tourists morally justify engaging in negative behaviour in some contexts. This aligns with findings from previous research on moral disengagement and tourism. Furthermore, this research finds that mechanisms that are centred on disregarding/distorting the perceived harm on the victim were most frequently used. Lastly, groups were found to differ in their use of moral justification mechanisms, indicating that fandom identification, the moral alignment of the fandom object, and level of involvement influence individuals’ use of moral justification. It is also argued that (screen) tourism and fandom communities both have characteristics that facilitate moral disengagement. This knowledge can support screen tourism stakeholders in screen tourism development, and in mitigation of negative behaviours.</p>

scholarly journals Moral Justifications for Negative Screen Tourist Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Taran Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Breaking Bad ◽  
Leisure Involvement ◽  
Tourist Behaviour ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
Moral Justifications ◽  
Negative Behaviour

<p><b>Screen tourism has become increasingly more popular over the last two decades, and while it has positive benefits for stakeholders and destinations, screen tourists engaging in negative tourist behaviour has become a problem at popular screen tourism destinations. However, little is known about how screen tourists justify engaging in this negative behaviour. Bandura’s Moral Disengagement theory has been used in various non-tourism and tourism contexts to examine and explain how individuals justify negative behaviours. This thesis applies Moral Disengagement theory to negative tourist behaviour in a screen tourism context, aiming to examine screen tourists’ use of moral disengagement mechanisms to justify negative on-site tourist behaviour. It further draws on previous research and literature on fandom and level of leisure involvement to provide a better understanding of how these factors might influence screen tourists’ moral justification of negative behaviour. Data was collected using a self-administered online survey, distributed to individuals who self-identified as members of either the Breaking Bad or Game of Thrones fandoms, and received 243 eligible responses. The survey measured level of fandom involvement, participants’ use of moral disengagement mechanisms in three hypothetical scenarios presenting negative screen tourism related behaviours, and responses to Bandura’s Moral Disengagement scale. </b></p> <p>Findings from this research suggest that some screen tourists morally justify engaging in negative behaviour in some contexts. This aligns with findings from previous research on moral disengagement and tourism. Furthermore, this research finds that mechanisms that are centred on disregarding/distorting the perceived harm on the victim were most frequently used. Lastly, groups were found to differ in their use of moral justification mechanisms, indicating that fandom identification, the moral alignment of the fandom object, and level of involvement influence individuals’ use of moral justification. It is also argued that (screen) tourism and fandom communities both have characteristics that facilitate moral disengagement. This knowledge can support screen tourism stakeholders in screen tourism development, and in mitigation of negative behaviours.</p>

scholarly journals Self-reported Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis or Ankylosing Spondylitis Has Low Accuracy: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1134-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke Videm ◽  
Ranjeny Thomas ◽  
Matthew A. Brown ◽  
Mari Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Case File ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Accuracy Data

Objective.Self-reported diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis are not accurate. The primary study aim was to ascertain self-reported diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Norwegian population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) using hospital case files. The secondary aim was to provide updated estimates of the prevalence and incidence of RA and AS.Methods.All inhabitants ≥ 20 years old from the county of Nord-Trøndelag were invited. Data from 70,805 unique participants from HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) were included. For participants who self-reported RA or AS, case files from all 3 hospitals in the catchment area were evaluated using standardized diagnostic criteria.Results.Of 2703 self-reported cases of RA, 19.1% were verified in hospital files. Of 1064 self-reported cases of AS, 15.8% were verified. Of 259 cases self-reporting both RA and AS, 8.1% had RA and 5.4% had AS. Overall, a self-report of 1 or both diagnoses could not be verified in 82.1%, including 22.8% with insufficient information or no case file. The prevalence of RA was 768 (95% CI 705–835) per 100,000. The incidence of RA from HUNT2 to HUNT3 was 0.48 (0.41–0.56) per 1000 per year. The prevalence of AS was 264 (228–305) per 100,000. The incidence of AS from HUNT2 to HUNT3 was 0.19 (0.15–0.24) per 1000 per year.Conclusion.Self-reported diagnoses of RA and AS are often false-positive. The prevalence and incidence of RA were comparable to reports from similar populations. The incidence of AS was higher than previously reported in a mixed population from Norway.

scholarly journals Implementasi Rule Based Expert Systems untuk Realtime Monitoring Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana Menggunakan Teknologi Radio Frequency Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Mar Fuah
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Case File ◽  
Rfid Reader ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Frequency Identification

One of the problems in the criminal case completions is that the difficulty of making decision to estimate when the settlement of the case file will be fulfilled. It is caused by the number of case files handled and detention time changing. Therefore, the fast and accurate information is needed. The research aims to develop a monitoring system tracking and tracking of scheduling rules using Rule Based Expert Systems method with 17 rules, and supported by Radio Frequency Identification technology (RFID) in the form of computer applications. Based on the output of the system, an analysis is performed in the criminal case settlement process with a set of IF-THEN rules. The RFID reader read the data of case files through radio wave signals emitted by the antenna toward active-Tag attached in the criminal case file. The system is designed to monitor the tracking and tracing of RFID-based scheduling rules in realtime way that was built in the form of computer application in accordance with the system design. This study results in no failure in reading active tags by the RFID reader to detect criminal case files that had been examined. There were many case files handled in three different location, they were the constabulary, prosecutor, and judges of district court and RFID was able to identify them simultaneously. So, RFID supports the implementation of Rule Based Expert Systems very much for realtime monitoring in criminal case accomplishment.

Reconsidering Homicide Clearance Research: The Utility of Multifaceted Data Collection Approaches

2020 ◽  
pp. 108876792093961
Author(s):  
Shila René Hawk ◽  
Dean A. Dabney ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Case File ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Homicide Clearance ◽  
Data Collection Approach

This study explores issues associated with the data commonly used in homicide clearance research. Data collected from 2009 to 2011 case files ( n = 252) were reviewed during interviews with investigators ( n = 29). The multifaceted data collection approach produced a more comprehensive dataset than was available based solely upon case file reviews, with alterations to the data occurring in as many as 69% of the cases. The process advanced the precision of the data recorded, reduced missingness, and heightened detail on key variables. Significant differences were noted in multivariate analyses of the datasets when modeling clearances. Findings suggest contextualizing case file data is valuable.

OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TO PROVIDE INFORMATION FROM THE CASE FILE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (XX) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Urszula Nowicka
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Case File ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Insight Into

The obligations of public administration to make case file available to parties to proceedings are regulated in Art. 73-74 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. The access to the file includes the form of insight into the case file, make notes based on them, make duplicates or copies and authenticating duplicates or copies of the case files or to issue certified copies from the case files, if it is justified by the important interest of the party. In turn, the refusal of access to the file is justified by the protection of classified information or important interest of the state. Based on these issues, many discussions and theories have appeared in doctrine and jurisprudence, which are analyzed in this article.

scholarly journals Cognitive Distortions and Moral Disengagement in Sex Offenders: A Study in Order to Develop a Possible Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
I. Petruccelli ◽  
◽  
G. D’ Urso ◽  
A. Gherardini ◽  
S. Grilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Attribution Of Blame

Objective: The literature on sexual offenders (SOs) has considered cognitive distortions, defence mechanisms and moral disengagement mechanisms as risk factors in the individual history. Recent literature focuses on how both the concepts of moral disengagement (Bandura et al. 1996) and self-serving cognitive distortions (Barriga and Gibbs 1996) constitute a group of cognitive processes. These processes help to cognitively overcome dissonance between personal moral standards and behavioral transgressions, facilitating violent or, in general, wrong acts (Ribeaud and Eisner 2010). This pilot study investigates moral disengagement mechanisms and cognitive distortions in detained male SO to make treatment effective, taking into account the link between these two constructs. Design and Method: The study sample consisted of 101 males detained in some Italian prisons. Participants were administered a Socio-demographic Data Grid, the Moral Disengagement Scale, the Vindictive Rape Attitudes Questionnaire and the Hanson Supportive Attitudes Questionnaire. Results: Moral disengagement presents a significant correlation with all aspects of examined cognitive distortions (CD) [CD (child): r=.336, p<.01; CD “Sex Kids: r= .278, p<.01; CD “Sexual Entitlement”: r= .375, p<.01; CD (rapist): r= .299, p<.01]. Child molesters’ cognitive distortions are correlated with displacement of responsibility [r= .381; p<.01] and distortion of consequences [r= .278; p<.01]. Cognitive distortions about “sexual entitlement” are correlated with moral justification (r= .284; p<.01), attribution of blame [r= .304; p<.01], euphemistic labeling [r= .274; p<.01], displacement of responsibility (r= .418; p<.01) and distortions of consequences [r= .273; p<.01]. Rapist cognitive distortions present significant correlations with attribution of blame [r= .348; p<.01] and displacement of responsibility [r= .265; p<.01]. Cognitive Distortions, measured by “Sex Kids” subscale, present a moderate correlation with moral justification [r= .222; p<.05], displacement of responsibility [r= .234; p<.05] and distortion of consequences [r= .242; p<.05]. Conclusions: Our results suggest that moral disengagement and self-serving cognitive distortions often are present in the very same cognitive processes and that these processes tend to influence sex offenders’ behaviour (Ribeaud and Eisner, 2010). The correlation between child molester cognitive distortion and Displacement of Responsibility might be explained by an immaturity of the subject and the relative difficulty in relating to an adult preferring contact with child. The correlations between cognitive distortions rapist and Attribution of Blame and Displacement of Responsibility (MDM) could be referred to the offender’s idea that some aspects of the victim (Ex. Being too provocative) justify his violent behaviour against him/her. This study could be interesting to organize specific guidelines for treatment of the offenders and especially for the relapse prevention.

scholarly journals So, We Meat Again...

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Jesler Francesca Van Houdt ◽  
Arthur Bribosia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Disengagement Theory

The meat industry is being blamed for its role regarding climate change, environmental degradations as well as food insecurity in the Global-South. Additionally, the conditions in which animals are being raised and slaughtered in industrial farms are often denounced as cruel and morally unacceptable. Assuming that most meat consumers in developed countries are to a certain extent aware of the negative consequences inherent to meat consumption, how can the increasing consumption of meat be explained? In an attempt to understand what Ricard (2014) describes as a “moral schizophrenia” (p.15), this paper applies Bandura’s Moral Disengagement Theory to industrial meat production in developed countries.

scholarly journals Symbolic violence on social media: Covid-19 and the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e37010515060
Author(s):  
Elaine dos Santos Santana ◽  
Arianna Oliveira Santana Lopes ◽  
Alessandra Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Nádia Cristina Moraes Sampaio Gobira ◽  
Layanne Christinne dos Passos Miguens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Investigation Strategy ◽  
Brazilian Case

Objective: To analyze the symbolic violence related to COVID-19 and the elderly on social media. Methods: Qualitative research with a Brazilian case study as investigation strategy. The data collected for analysis were Brazilian memes published on the internet via Instagram social media. Such memes were randomly selected by searching the words “elderly” and “quarantine”. In order to analyze as much material as possible, nineteen memes were selected. Content analysis, as proposed by Bardin, was used to investigate data supported by QSR NVivo® software. Results: Two categories for analysis emerged from the connection observed on the content of the memes selected: the elderly stigmatization and their autonomy denial. Final Considerations: The analysis of the study allowed interpreting that aged people have been constantly experiencing symbolic violence linked to COVID-19 on social media.

scholarly journals Patients' access to their psychiatric notes: a review

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 753-754
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Case File ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Similar Legislation

Recent legislation, the Access to Health Records Act (1991), which came into force in November, will mean that patients will be able to apply for access to their written case file. This law will not be retrospective, and notes written before this date will not therefore fall under the scope of the act. Similar legislation has already been passed enabling access to Social Services case files (Access to Personal Files Act, 1987). The legislation follows increasing pressure for consumer rights in various areas and follows similar developments allowing access to health records in other countries.

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