Integrated Moral Conviction Theory of Student Cheating: An Empirical Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foster Roberts ◽  
Christopher H. Thomas ◽  
Milorad M. Novicevic ◽  
Anthony Ammeter ◽  
Bart Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Moral Conviction ◽  
Student Cheating

In this article, we develop an integrated moral conviction theory of student cheating by integrating moral conviction with (a) the dual-process model of Hunt–Vitell’s theory that gives primacy to individual ethical philosophies when moral judgments are made and (b) the social cognitive conceptualization that gives primacy to moral identity. We found empirical support for our proposed model in a study with 311 business students where moral conviction predicted student moral disengagement and subsequent unethical decision making related to academic dishonesty not only directly but also indirectly through ethical philosophy and moral identity. Based on these results, we derive specific implications for teaching and learning practice.

scholarly journals The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement: A Decade on

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Stroebe ◽  
Henk Schut
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Basic Parameters

The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (DPM; Stroebe & Schut, 1999) is described in this article. The rationale is given as to why this model was deemed necessary and how it was designed to overcome limitations of earlier models of adaptive coping with loss. Although building on earlier theoretical formulations, it contrasts with other models along a number of dimensions which are outlined. In addition to describing the basic parameters of the DPM, theoretical and empirical developments that have taken place since the original publication of the model are summarized. Guidelines for future research are given focusing on principles that should be followed to put the model to stringent empirical test.

scholarly journals An Extended Dual-Process Model of Entertainment Effects on Political Information Processing and Engagement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Schneider ◽  
Anne Bartsch ◽  
Larissa Leonhard
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
The One

This chapter reviews the controversial relationship of entertainment and political communication and presents a theoretical framework to integrate seemingly contradicting concepts and research findings. On the one hand, concerns have been raised about the decay of news quality and political culture due to the growing influence of entertainment media. On the other, researchers have highlighted the potential of entertainment in terms of audience interest, cognitive accessibility, and public outreach. A literature overview shows theoretical and empirical support for both sides of the controversy about the (dys-)functionality of entertainment in political communication. Therefore, in an attempt to reconcile the divergent findings, the chapter presents an extended dual-process model of entertainment effects on political information processing and engagement. This framework offers substantial extensions to existing dual-process models of entertainment by conceptualizing the effects of entertainment on different forms of political engagement that have not been incorporated so far.

scholarly journals Iterative dilemmas demonstrate that there is more to sacrificial harm than utilitarianism and deontology.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Hannes Bostyn ◽  
Arne Roets
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Do No Harm

When are sacrificial harms morally appropriate? The dual process model for moral cognition states that peoples’ judgments of sacrificial harm are driven by two competing processes: a fast, automatic process leading to deontological “do no harm” judgments, and a slower, deliberative process leading to utilitarian “minimize overall harm” judgments. Traditionally, research within moral psychology has investigated this issue by asking participants to render moral judgments on single-shot, sacrificial dilemmas. The present series of studies goes beyond this limitation by presenting participants with iterative versions of sacrificial dilemmas that involve the same set of targets across multiple iterations. Using this novel approach, and across four preregistered studies (n = 1538), we provide clear evidence that participants’ moral judgments are often motivated by a third, distinct moral concern that is not captured by the utilitarianism versus deontology dichotomy: a concern to spread out harm across all possible targets.

scholarly journals Overload

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Stroebe ◽  
Henk Schut
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Major Shortcoming ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (DPM) was put forward as a framework to help understand reactions to the death of a loved person. Since its inception, there have been various developments and further specifications regarding the model’s parameters. A number of researchers have assessed the model’s contribution and put some of its parameters to empirical test. It has also been applied in clinical practice. Despite generally positive assessment among both scientific and applied communities, we recently discovered what we consider to be a major shortcoming. The concept of overload has been neglected. Incorporation of this feature helps explain the preponderance of mental and physical health problems beyond the previous DPM focus on complications of grief. In this article, we incorporate the phenomenon of overload within the original framework, illustrating its application, and we discuss broader implications for coping and adaptation to bereavement.

scholarly journals Testing of a Dual Process Model to Resolve the Socioeconomic Health Disparities: A Tale of Two Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Cecilia Cheng ◽  
Fanny Cheng ◽  
Saloni Atal ◽  
Sarlito Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Coping Flexibility ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

A wealth of past studies documented that individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are more susceptible to both acute and chronic life stress than those of higher SES, but some recent evidence documents that not all individuals from the lower SES group experience immense stress. The present study was grounded in theories of coping and psychological adjustment, and a dual process model was formulated to address some resolved issues regarding socioeconomic disparities in health. For a robust test of the proposed dual process model, data were collected from two Asian countries—Hong Kong and Indonesia—with different socioeconomic heritage and conditions. Consistent with the predictions of our model, the present findings revealed that coping flexibility was a psychological mechanism underlying the positive association between social capital and health for the lower SES group, whereas active coping was a psychological mechanism underlying this positive association for the higher SES group. These patterns of results were largely replicable in both Asian samples, providing robust empirical support for the proposed dual process model.

scholarly journals An Extended Dual-Process Model of Entertainment Effects on Political Information Processing and Engagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 536-557
Author(s):  
Frank M. Schneider ◽  
Anne Bartsch ◽  
Larissa Leonhard
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
The One

This chapter reviews the controversial relationship of entertainment and political communication and presents a theoretical framework to integrate seemingly contradicting concepts and research findings. On the one hand, concerns have been raised about the decay of news quality and political culture due to the growing influence of entertainment media. On the other, researchers have highlighted the potential of entertainment in terms of audience interest, cognitive accessibility, and public outreach. A literature overview shows theoretical and empirical support for both sides of the controversy about the (dys)functionality of entertainment in political communication. Therefore, in an attempt to reconcile the divergent findings, the chapter presents an extended dual-process model of entertainment effects on political information processing and engagement. This framework offers substantial extensions to existing dual-process models of entertainment by conceptualizing the effects of entertainment on different forms of political engagement that have not been incorporated so far.

scholarly journals Identifying The Salient Dimensions Of Student Cheating And Their Key Determinants In A Private University

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob S. Brown ◽  
Peggy Choong
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Private University ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Academic Behavior ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Student Cheating

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">Extensive research has been conducted over the years about the academic dishonesty or cheating among university students. Most of these studies usually involve surveys of students to determine the extent of their participation in unethical practices, reasons for their participation in these practices and how each unethical academic behavior is related to some student characteristics. While that approach offers good insights it fails to uncover the underlying salient dimensions or commonalties among these behaviors and motivations.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">This paper reports the results of a survey of business students concerning their academic honesty. Student self-reports on participation and reasons for participating in unethical practices are factor analyzed to uncover three salient dimensions of cheating and four compelling motivations for student cheating. Key determinants of the various forms of cheating are identified and policy implications are discussed.</span></p>

scholarly journals Reduced empathic concern leads to utilitarian moral judgments in trait alexithymia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajeet Patil ◽  
Giorgia Silani
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Greater Good

Recent research with moral dilemmas supports dual-process model of moral decision making. This model posits two different paths via which people can endorse utilitarian solution that requires personally harming someone in order to achieve the greater good (e.g., killing one to save five people): (i) weakened emotional aversion to the prospect of harming someone due to reduced empathic concern for the victim; (ii) enhanced cognition which supports cost-benefit analysis and countervails the prepotent emotional aversion to harm. Direct prediction of this model would be that personality traits associated with reduced empathy would show higher propensity to endorse utilitarian solutions. As per this prediction, we found that trait alexithymia, which is well-known to have deficits in empathy, was indeed associated with increased utilitarian tendencies on emotionally aversive personal moral dilemmas and this was due to reduced empathic concern for the victim. Results underscore the importance of empathy for moral judgments in harm/care domain of morality.

scholarly journals How is analytical thinking related to religious belief? A test of three theoretical models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Baimel ◽  
Cindel White ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Rationality Model

A growing literature has documented a negative association between analytical thinking style and belief in God. However, the replicability, magnitude, and theoretical importance of this correlation has recently been debated. Moreover, the existing literature has not examined distinct psychological accounts of this relationship. In Study 1, we (1) tested the replicability of the correlation and assessed its magnitude in a large sample (N = 5284; comprising of undergraduate students at a Canadian university, and broader samples of Canadians, Americans and Indians); and (2) tested three distinct theoretical accounts of how cognitive style might come to be related to a diverse set of religious beliefs including belief in God, in karma, and in witchcraft. The first, the dual process model, posits that analytical thinking is inversely related to belief in God and in other supernatural entities. The second, the expressive rationality model, posits that analytical thinking is specifically recruited in supporting already-held beliefs in an identity-protective manner. And the third, the counter-normativity rationality model, posits that analytical thinking is recruited to question beliefs supported by prevailing cultural norms. We tested specific predictions derived from these models regarding the association between analytic thinking and religious beliefs in a Bayesian framework. In Study 2, we tested the replicability of our results in a re-analysis of previously-published data. We conclude that whereas the counter-normativity rationality model was contradicted by the data, both the dual process and expressive rationality models received limited empirical support.

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