Scoping Review of Nursing Case Management in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Young Joo ◽  
Diane L. Huber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Confusion

The purpose of this study is to identify issues of case management (CM) interventions in the United States in recent studies and to identify implications for future research into CM. This study was guided by the following framework for a scoping review. Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify studies published between 2007 and 2016 in the United States and related to nursing CM. Five weaknesses were identified: no clear and consistent definition of CM, lack of theoretical frameworks, lack of standard guidelines in CM practice, lack of precise CM dosage and of process measures, and limited reports of explicit role of nurse case managers and role confusion by nurses. Three strengths were also identified. More rigorous and continuous efforts to develop theoretical frameworks and evaluation tools, as well as clear definitions and precise role descriptions, are required for future research and practice into CM.

Encouraging Participation in Virtual Communities of Practice within the United States Air Force

2011 ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Air Force ◽  
United States Air Force ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Virtual Communities Of Practice

With the growth of information and communication technology (ICT) such as the internet, email, and video conferencing, the United States Air Force has become more efficient and productive in conducting its daily business. However, not only do computer technologies increase daily productivity rates among the employees; they also increase the Air Force’s capability to digest larger amounts of information while supporting an end goal of being able to share that information across the entire organization. Perhaps one of the most popular methods by which to share such large amounts of organizational information is through informal learning environments such as communities of practice. The Air Force has no doubt embraced the concept of communities of practice. However, as popular as these “communities” are among many employees, there is still a majority of Air Force employees who choose not to use them. The purpose of this chapter is to provide practical ways in which the United States Air Force can increase participation in Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs) among its workforce, as well as providing theoretical frameworks upon which further research can be conducted. Finally, this chapter will propose a set of testable propositions that may serve as the basis for future research.

Keyworkers for Elderly People in the Community: Case Managers and Care Co-ordinators

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Dant ◽  
Brian Gearing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Frail Elderly People ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACTIn the United Kingdom a range of services for elderly people in the community has developed that is delivered by a variety of professionals and administered within different organisations. This has resulted in a problem of co-ordinating services to meet the individual needs of the most frail elderly people. In the United States ‘case management’ has been introduced as a way of improving the co-ordination of care. Despite structural differences in the provision of health and social services between the United States and the United Kingdom, the concept of case management has influenced the design of a number of innovatory schemes in the United Kingdom, including the Gloucester Care for Elderly People at Home project (CEPH). These innovatory schemes have demonstrated the need for a ‘keyworker’ and clarified the tasks that are involved in taking responsibility for co-ordinating services to meet the needs of elderly people at risk of failing to cope at home. There is, however, a danger of proliferating the complexity of service provision by creating a new breed of professional; an alternative might be to alter the responsibilities, attitudes and team orientation of existing professional workers so as to include taking on the key worker role for some of their clients.

Configuring a Construct Definition of Teacher Working Conditions in the United States: A Systematic Narrative Review of Researcher Concepts

2021 ◽  
pp. 003465432098561
Author(s):  
Becca C. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Teacher Working Conditions ◽  
Construct Definition ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Definition Of

Teacher working conditions (TWCs) are, in many ways, student learning conditions. Furthermore, they have also been linked to teacher retention. These connections make TWCs important to understand; yet there is no accepted construct definition delineating and defining what TWCs are. Through a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature from the United States, I define TWCs and organize the topics that emerged from the literature into a catalog of TWCs. After defining what TWCs are, I employ findings from the narrative synthesis to discuss what TWCs are not. Additionally, I document sources of variation in operationalizing TWCs as well as areas of homogeneity in how researchers study TWCs. I find that researchers agree on the underlying concept of TWCs, vary widely in how they decompose the concept, and overwhelmingly use survey methods to study TWCs. Last, I offer three suggestions to consider in future research.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Sex Trafficking of Children and Adolescents in the United States: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802093387
Author(s):  
Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen ◽  
Brittney R. Chesworth ◽  
Colleen Boyle ◽  
Cynthia Fraga Rizo ◽  
Sandra L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Prevalence Proportion

Topic: This scoping review investigated research regarding the magnitude of minor sex trafficking (domestic minor sex trafficking and/or commercial sexual exploitation of children) in the United States, summarizing estimates, methodologies, and strengths and weaknesses of the studies. Method: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, peer-reviewed articles and the gray literature were accessed via databases searches, reference harvesting, and expert advice. Articles were included if they provided a count or prevalence proportion estimate of trafficked or at-risk minors across or within a region of the United States. Six empirical studies, published from 1999 to 2017, were included in the review. Results: Included studies produced count estimates ( n = 3) or prevalence proportion estimates ( n = 3) for youth at risk of minor sex trafficking ( n = 2) or reporting victimization ( n = 5). Studies examined sex trafficking risk and victimization in different geographical areas, including across the United States ( n = 2), in New York City ( n = 1), and in Ohio ( n = 1). Further, several studies focused on particular populations, such as street and shelter youths ( n = 1) and adjudicated males ( n = 1). Sampling methodologies of reviewed estimates included traditional random sampling ( n = 1), nationally representative sampling ( n = 2), convenience sampling ( n = 1), respondent-driven sampling ( n = 1), purposive sampling ( n = 1), and use of census data ( n = 2). Conclusion: Little research has estimated the prevalence of minor sex trafficking in the United States. The existing studies examine different areas and populations and use different categories to estimate the problem. The estimates reviewed here should be cited cautiously. Future research is needed on this important topic, including methodologies to produce more representative estimates of this hard-to-reach population.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of How Financial Hardship Is Measured Among Older Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
Reginald Tucker-Seeley ◽  
Ryan DoyLoo ◽  
Leora Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The association between socioeconomic status and health/healthcare related outcomes across the life course is well established; however, the specific mechanisms that underlie this complex association are not well understood. There have been calls in the health disparities literature for greater explication of the socioeconomic factors associated with differential outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities and socioeconomic groups. Recent research offers an expanded notion of socioeconomic circumstances by including indicators of financial hardship; however, there has been little conceptual and measurement clarity for gerontology research. To fill this gap, we conducted a scoping review of how financial hardship has been defined and measured in research with older adults. Using an adapted version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, N=25 articles were identified through the following indexes: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, and Embase. Articles were included if they were published after January 1, 2000, published in the United States, and conducted with adults aged 50 and older. Our study found neither a consistently used term for nor a definition of the financial hardship experience; however, two key domains were consistently measured across studies with older adults: food insecurity and medical expenses were measured in N=9 and N=13 studies, respectively. Greater conceptual and measurement clarity in research on financial hardship among older adults helps to unpack the complex ways in which socioeconomic circumstance are experienced, make comparisons across studies measuring the financial hardship experience, and to identify the specific aspects of financial hardship for intervention.

Palliative Care for the Asian American Adult Population: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 104990912092806
Author(s):  
In Seo La ◽  
Mei Ching Lee ◽  
Katherine A. Hinderer ◽  
Iris Chi ◽  
Ruotong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background: The Asian American (AA) population is rapidly becoming one of the largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Despite this growth and advances in palliative care (PC) programs in the United States, the scope and nature of the literature regarding PC for AAs remains unclear. This review provides an overview of existing research on PC for AAs, identifies gaps in the research with recommendations for future research and delineates practice implications. Methods: A scoping review of studies published in English was conducted. Electronic Databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases) were searched up to December 2019. No starting date limit was set. Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was followed for scoping reviews. Results: Of 2390 publications initially identified, 42 studies met our inclusion criteria for this review. Southeast AA subgroups remain understudied compared to East and South AAs. Most studies were descriptive; a few (n = 3) evaluated effectiveness of PC interventions for AAs. Research synthesized in this review addresses the following topics and includes considerations in PC related to care recipients and their relatives: treatment choice discussions (73%), coordination of care with health care providers (26%), symptom management (14%), and emotional support (10%). This review identified various factors around PC for AAs, specifically the influence of cultural aspects, including levels of acculturation, traditional norms and values, and religious beliefs. Conclusion: A culturally inclusive approach is vital to providing appropriate and accessible PC for AAs. Further research is needed concerning core PC components and effective interventions across diverse AA subgroups.

The Hispanic/Latinx Perinatal Paradox in the United States: A Scoping Review and Recommendations to Guide Future Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Montoya-Williams ◽  
Victoria Guazzelli Williamson ◽  
Michelle Cardel ◽  
Elena Fuentes-Afflick ◽  
Mildred Maldonado-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research

Fragments of the American Dream: Immigration, Race, and Medical Care in the Segregated South, 1929

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John R Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sunflower County

The cover photograph for this issue of Public Voices was taken sometime in the summer of 1929 (probably June) somewhere in Sunflower County, Mississippi. Very probably the photo was taken in Indianola but, perhaps, it was Ruleville. It is one of three such photos, one of which does have the annotation on the reverse “Ruleville Midwives Club 1929.” The young woman wearing a tie in this and in one of the other photos was Ann Reid Brown, R.N., then a single woman having only arrived in the United States from Scotland a few years before, in 1923. Full disclosure: This commentary on the photo combines professional research interests in public administration and public policy with personal interests—family interests—for that young nurse later married and became the author’s mother. From the scholarly perspective, such photographs have been seen as “instrumental in establishing midwives’ credentials and cultural identity at a key transitional moment in the history of the midwife and of public health” (Keith, Brennan, & Reynolds 2012). There is also deep irony if we see these photographs as being a fragment of the American dream, of a recent immigrant’s hope for and success at achieving that dream; but that fragment of the vision is understood quite differently when we see that she began a hopeful career working with a Black population forcibly segregated by law under the incongruously named “separate but equal” legal doctrine. That doctrine, derived from the United States Supreme Court’s 1896 decision, Plessy v. Ferguson, would remain the foundation for legally enforced segregation throughout the South for another quarter century. The options open to the young, white, immigrant nurse were almost entirely closed off for the population with which she then worked. The remaining parts of this overview are meant to provide the following: (1) some biographical information on the nurse; (2) a description, in so far as we know it, of why she was in Mississippi; and (3) some indication of areas for future research on this and related topics.

Questions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The U.S

We have investigated the differences in support for the U.S. Supreme Court among black, Hispanic, and white Americans, catalogued the variation in African Americans’ group attachments and experiences with legal authorities, and examined how those latter two factors shape individuals’ support for the U.S. Supreme Court, that Court’s decisions, and for their local legal system. We take this opportunity to weave our findings together, taking stock of what we have learned from our analyses and what seem like fruitful paths for future research. In the process, we revisit Positivity Theory. We present a modified version of the theory that we hope will guide future inquiry on public support for courts, both in the United States and abroad.

Populism and Liberal Democracy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takis S. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
The People ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Definition Of

Based on an original definition of modern populism as “democratic illiberalism” and many years of meticulous research, Takis Pappas marshals extraordinary empirical evidence from Argentina, Greece, Peru, Italy, Venezuela, Ecuador, Hungary, the United States, Spain, and Brazil to develop a comprehensive theory about populism. He addresses all key issues in the debate about populism and answers significant questions of great relevance for today’s liberal democracy, including: • What is modern populism and how can it be differentiated from comparable phenomena like nativism and autocracy? • Where in Latin America has populism become most successful? Where in Europe did it emerge first? Why did its rise to power in the United States come so late? • Is Trump a populist and, if so, could he be compared best with Venezuela’s Chávez, France’s Le Pens, or Turkey’s Erdoğan? • Why has populism thrived in post-authoritarian Greece but not in Spain? And why in Argentina and not in Brazil? • Can populism ever succeed without a charismatic leader? If not, what does leadership tell us about how to challenge populism? • Who are “the people” who vote for populist parties, how are these “made” into a group, and what is in their minds? • Is there a “populist blueprint” that all populists use when in power? And what are the long-term consequences of populist rule? • What does the expansion, and possibly solidification, of populism mean for the very nature and future of contemporary democracy? Populism and Liberal Democracy will change the ways the reader understands populism and imagines the prospects of liberal democracy.

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