scholarly journals A Scoping Review of How Financial Hardship Is Measured Among Older Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
Reginald Tucker-Seeley ◽  
Ryan DoyLoo ◽  
Leora Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The association between socioeconomic status and health/healthcare related outcomes across the life course is well established; however, the specific mechanisms that underlie this complex association are not well understood. There have been calls in the health disparities literature for greater explication of the socioeconomic factors associated with differential outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities and socioeconomic groups. Recent research offers an expanded notion of socioeconomic circumstances by including indicators of financial hardship; however, there has been little conceptual and measurement clarity for gerontology research. To fill this gap, we conducted a scoping review of how financial hardship has been defined and measured in research with older adults. Using an adapted version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, N=25 articles were identified through the following indexes: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, and Embase. Articles were included if they were published after January 1, 2000, published in the United States, and conducted with adults aged 50 and older. Our study found neither a consistently used term for nor a definition of the financial hardship experience; however, two key domains were consistently measured across studies with older adults: food insecurity and medical expenses were measured in N=9 and N=13 studies, respectively. Greater conceptual and measurement clarity in research on financial hardship among older adults helps to unpack the complex ways in which socioeconomic circumstance are experienced, make comparisons across studies measuring the financial hardship experience, and to identify the specific aspects of financial hardship for intervention.

Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110621
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Kim ◽  
Joshua F. Betz ◽  
Nicholas S. Reed ◽  
Bryan K. Ward ◽  
Carrie L. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforations ◽  
The Life Course

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can occur at any age, but limited population-level data are available. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and population estimates for TM perforations among individuals ≥12 years old in the United States. Overall, TM perforations have a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%), corresponding to 5.8 million Americans. Across the life course, older adults have the highest prevalence of TM perforations at 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.6%), corresponding to nearly 3 million Americans, as opposed to a prevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.9%) in adolescents, which equates to 0.2 million Americans. Males and females have a similar prevalence at 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.0%) among males and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.6%) among females. These prevalence and population estimates provide the first US-based population estimates of the burden of TM perforations over the life course.

Scoping Review of Nursing Case Management in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Young Joo ◽  
Diane L. Huber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Confusion

The purpose of this study is to identify issues of case management (CM) interventions in the United States in recent studies and to identify implications for future research into CM. This study was guided by the following framework for a scoping review. Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify studies published between 2007 and 2016 in the United States and related to nursing CM. Five weaknesses were identified: no clear and consistent definition of CM, lack of theoretical frameworks, lack of standard guidelines in CM practice, lack of precise CM dosage and of process measures, and limited reports of explicit role of nurse case managers and role confusion by nurses. Three strengths were also identified. More rigorous and continuous efforts to develop theoretical frameworks and evaluation tools, as well as clear definitions and precise role descriptions, are required for future research and practice into CM.

scholarly journals What is the societal economic cost of poor oral health among older adults in the United States? A scoping review

Gerodontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulamite S. Huang ◽  
Analia Veitz‐Keenan ◽  
Richard McGowan ◽  
Richard Niederman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Diverse, Culturally Rich Approaches to Family Care in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Lauren Parker ◽  
Manka Nkimbeng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Culturally Tailored ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ethnic Minority Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Despite the projected rise in the diversity of caregivers and caregiving in the US, the health system is not prepared to accommodate this growth. Interventions and supports often are not adequately tailored to meet the cultural needs of older adults. Additionally, the limited interventions available for racial/ethnic minority populations frequently fail to capture and report culturally tailored perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this presentation is to describe how culture influences caregiving in the US. Specifically, it will: (1) provide a contemporary definition of culture; (2) identify cultural domains that impact caregiving; (3) offer examples of how caregiving is influenced by different cultural/demographic backgrounds; (4) provide examples of culturally tailored caregiving programs, and (5) discuss how to approach cultural needs that may not be addressed by current interventions.

scholarly journals THE USE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE FRAILTY IN OLDER ADULTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. BUTA ◽  
D. LEDER ◽  
R. MILLER ◽  
N.L. SCHOENBORN ◽  
A.R. GREEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Figurative Expressions

Introduction: Frailty affects 15% of non-institutionalized older adults in the United States, yet confusion remains in defining and, in turn, assessing frailty. Figurative language, such as metaphor, can help to explain difficult scientific concepts and to form new theories. We aimed to examine the use of figurative language to describe frailty and to identify themes in the way figurative expressions are used. Understanding how frailty is described figuratively may offer insights for developing useful communication approaches in research settings. Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of editorials in the scientific literature to explore figurative language used to describe frailty in older adults. We categorized themes among the figurative expressions, which may help to inform how to effectively communicate about frailty. Results: We found 24 editorials containing 32 figurative expressions. The figurative expressions conceptualized frailty in six ways: 1) a complex, multifaceted concept; 2) an important issue in health and medicine; 3) indicative of something that is failing or faulty; 4) indicative of fragility; 5) representative of vulnerable, ignored persons; and 6) an opportunity for self-awareness and reflection. Discussion: Our review highlights the heterogeneity in depictions of frailty, which is consonant with the lack of a standardized definition of frailty. We also found a novel aspect to the concept of frailty, which merits attention: frailty characterized as an opportunity for self-awareness and reflection. Figurative language, which often juxtaposes familiar with challenging, complex concepts, can offer insights on issues in frailty research and holds potential as a tool for researchers to improve communication about this important and debated medical condition.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

Populism and Liberal Democracy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takis S. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
The People ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Definition Of

Based on an original definition of modern populism as “democratic illiberalism” and many years of meticulous research, Takis Pappas marshals extraordinary empirical evidence from Argentina, Greece, Peru, Italy, Venezuela, Ecuador, Hungary, the United States, Spain, and Brazil to develop a comprehensive theory about populism. He addresses all key issues in the debate about populism and answers significant questions of great relevance for today’s liberal democracy, including: • What is modern populism and how can it be differentiated from comparable phenomena like nativism and autocracy? • Where in Latin America has populism become most successful? Where in Europe did it emerge first? Why did its rise to power in the United States come so late? • Is Trump a populist and, if so, could he be compared best with Venezuela’s Chávez, France’s Le Pens, or Turkey’s Erdoğan? • Why has populism thrived in post-authoritarian Greece but not in Spain? And why in Argentina and not in Brazil? • Can populism ever succeed without a charismatic leader? If not, what does leadership tell us about how to challenge populism? • Who are “the people” who vote for populist parties, how are these “made” into a group, and what is in their minds? • Is there a “populist blueprint” that all populists use when in power? And what are the long-term consequences of populist rule? • What does the expansion, and possibly solidification, of populism mean for the very nature and future of contemporary democracy? Populism and Liberal Democracy will change the ways the reader understands populism and imagines the prospects of liberal democracy.

Weight Identity Among Older Adults in the United States: Genetic and Environmental Influences

2018 ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
Robbee Wedow ◽  
Daniel A. Briley ◽  
Susan E. Short ◽  
Jason Boardman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Midlife Adults

This chapter uses twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study to investigate the genetic and environmental influences on perceived weight status for midlife adults. The inquiry builds on previous work investigating the same phenomenon in adolescents, and it shows that perceived weight status is not only heritable, but also heritable beyond objective weight. Subjective assessment of physical weight is independent of one’s physical weight and described as “weight identity.” Importantly, significant differences are shown in the heritability of weight identity among men and women. The chapter ends by discussing the potential relevance of these findings for broader social identity research.

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