scholarly journals Predictors of Aggression Among Sample-Specific Young Adult Offenders: Continuation of Violent Behavior Within South African Correctional Centers

2021 ◽  
pp. 105756772199843
Author(s):  
Jacques Jordaan ◽  
Anni Hesselink
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Adult Male Offenders

Offenders in South Africa face dehumanizing conditions in overcrowded correctional centers known for constant violence and corruption. These offenders need to cope and adjust to life within a correctional center. However, the majority of young adult male offenders use aggression to adjust to the correctional environment. It is, therefore, essential to identify which predictor variables predict aggression the best among incarcerated young adult male offenders. This study focused on 243 young adult male maximum-security offenders sampled through convenience sampling. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate which variable(s) or set(s) of variables explain a significant percentage of the variance of aggression. The results indicated that problem-solving, seeking social support, and avoidance, as a set of predictors, significantly predicted physical aggression, anger, and hostility. These findings seem to suggest that to decrease physical aggression, anger, and hostility among young adult offenders, it would be advisable to implement interventions that would (i) increase their problem-solving skills, (ii) improve their social support, and (iii) teach them to refrain from making use of avoidance as a coping strategy.

The Development and Evaluation of a Life Skills Programme for Young Adult Offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 3077-3096
Author(s):  
Jacques Jordaan ◽  
Roelf Beukes ◽  
Karel Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Adult Male Offenders

The purpose of this research project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a Life Skills programme for young adult male long-term offenders with the aim of improving their life skills that, in turn, could enable them to adjust more effectively in the correctional environment. Experimental research was used to investigate the effectiveness of the programme. In this study, 96 literate young adult male offenders between the ages of 21 and 25 years, with long sentences, were selected randomly. The participants were assigned randomly into an experimental and a control group. The Solomon four-group design was utilized to control for the effect of pretest sensitization. The measurements of the effectiveness of the programme were conducted before the programme commenced, directly (short term) after, 3 months (medium term) after, and 6 months (long term) after. The findings indicated that the programme had limited success in equipping the offenders with the necessary skills crucial to their survival in a correctional centre. The programme did, however, have significant effects, especially on problem solving and anger management in the short and medium term. These improvements were not long lived.

Decision-making, aggression, age, and type of crime as predictors of coping among young adult male maximum-security incarcerated offenders

2022 ◽  
pp. 174889582110679
Author(s):  
Sheree Elizabeth Pretorius ◽  
Jacques Jordaan ◽  
Karel Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
South African ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Young Adult Male

Correctional environments are regarded as degrading, dangerous, difficult, stigmatizing, stressful, unsafe, and violent. Young adult male incarcerated offenders need to acquire the necessary coping skills to survive in the correctional environment. This research study aimed to determine which variable(s) or set of variables explain a significant percentage of the variance in coping among young adult male incarcerated offenders in a South African private maximum-security correctional center. The research approach in this study was quantitative, and the nature of the research was nonexperimental. A correlational research design was used. The sample consisted of 187 young adult male incarcerated offenders. The hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that vigilance was the only predictor variable that statistically and practically significantly predicted seeking social support and problem-solving. This finding implies that young adult offenders who are more vigilant regarding decision-making are more inclined to solve problems better and use social support to cope better.

Infected urachal duct cyst in a young adult male

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 100975
Author(s):  
Ellen Duncan ◽  
Suneet Bhansali ◽  
Ee Tein Tay
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Young Adult Male

scholarly journals Efficacy of Electromyographic-Biofeedback Supplementation Training with Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Strengthening in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome among Young Adult Male Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4514
Author(s):  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
Suhel Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Patellar Taping ◽  
Experimental Group

This study compares the effects of electromyographic-biofeedback (EMG-BF)-guided isometric quadriceps strengthening with patellar taping and isometric exercise alone in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) among young adult male athletes. Sixty young adult male athletes with PFPS participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) EMG-BF-guided isometric exercise training with patellar taping (experimental group, n = 30), and (2) sham EMG-BF training with an isometric exercise program (control group, n = 30). Participants conducted their respective exercise programs for five days per week across four weeks. Study outcomes were pain (measured by the visual analog scale), functional disability (measured by the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain scale), and quadriceps strength (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer). Measurements were taken at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and during a follow-up at Week 6. The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower VAS score at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to that of the control group (p = 0.008 and 0.0005, respectively). The score remained significantly lower at the Week 6 follow-up compared to the control group (p = 0.0005). There were no differences in knee function at Weeks 2 and 4 between the two groups (p = 0.086 and 0.171, respectively); however, the experimental group showed significantly better knee function at Week 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.002). There were no differences in quadriceps strength at Week 2 between the two groups (p = 0.259); however, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher quadriceps strength at Weeks 4 and 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.0008). Four weeks of EMG-BF supplementation training with patellar taping demonstrated significant improvements in pain intensity, functional disability, and quadriceps muscle strength in young adult male athletes with PFPS.

Client-Clinician Relationships and Concomitant Factors in Stuttering Therapy

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Concomitant Factors ◽  
Client Progress ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

Interrelationships among client progress in stuttering therapy, the nature of the affect interchange between client and clinician, and certain personality characteristics of both client and clinician were studied. Sixteen young adult male stutterers and their 11 graduate student clinicians served as subjects. Results support observations that the clinicians' and clients' personalities are significant variables in the stuttering therapy situation, support observations that important similarities exist between stuttering therapy and psychotherapy, and suggest that it is more accurate to note stages in the therapeutic relationship, rather than to characterize the relationship as if it were the same throughout therapy.

scholarly journals Fostering itself increases nicotine self-administration in young adult male rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Roguski ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Burt M. Sharp ◽  
Shannon G. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Young Adult Male
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