Ciprofloxacin-Induced Psychosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 930-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy R. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mild Headache

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of ciprofloxacin-induced psychosis and to discuss occurrence rates, risk factors, possible etiologies, preventive measures, and treatment courses for this adverse reaction. DATA SOURCES: Case reports and review articles identified by MEDLINE. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from pertinent published sources were reviewed and abstracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: A 49-year-old man developed symptoms of severe psychosis concomitant with ciprofloxacin (250 mg bid) treatment. Central nervous system effects secondary to ciprofloxacin treatment are uncommon and usually consist only of minor dizziness or mild headache, although rare occurrences of seizures and hallucinations have been reported. The mechanism by which ciprofloxacin causes these adverse effects is not fully understood. It has been suggested that quinolones may produce an epileptogenic effect by inhibiting the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid to its receptor sites in the brain. There is yet no explanation for the occurrence of hallucinations or psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: Caution should be exercised when using ciprofloxacin in the treatment of patients with personality abnormalities or symptoms of psychosis.

Nonthrombocytopenic Purpura Associated Sequentially with Nifedipine and Diltiazem

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Kuo ◽  
Nancy Winiarski ◽  
Serafino Garella
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cutaneous Vasculitis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Purpuric Rash

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a patient who developed nonthrombocytopenic purpura sequentially following the administration of nifedipine and diltiazem. DATA SOURCES: Case reports, MEDLINE review of pertinent literature, and review of relevant studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted from direct patient observation and review of laboratory studies and published reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nonthrombocytopenic purpura secondary to cutaneous vasculitis is a known, although rare, adverse effect of nifedipine. It has not been reported in association with diltiazem. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman in whom a purpuric rash demonstrated by biopsy to be attributable to cutaneous vasculitis developed in the course of nifedipine therapy. The rash disappeared after discontinuation of the drug; however, it recurred when diltiazem therapy was initiated. CONCLUSIONS: Nonthrombocytopenic purpura may be associated with diltiazem as well as with nifedipine. When this adverse effect occurs following administration of a calcium-channel blocker, caution is advised in using other agents of the same class.

Isoniazid-Associated Psychosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Pallone ◽  
Morton P. Goldman ◽  
Matthew A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Language Literature

Objective To describe a case of isoniazid-associated psychosis and review the incidence of this adverse effect. Data Sources Information about the patient was obtained from the medical chart. A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature published from 1950 to 1992 was conducted and Index Medicus was manually searched for current information. Study Selection All case reports describing isoniazid-associated psychosis were reviewed. Data Extraction Studies were evaluated for the use of isoniazid, symptoms of psychosis, onset of symptoms, and dosage of isoniazid. Data Synthesis The case report is compared with others reported in the literature. The incidence of isoniazid-associated psychosis is rare. Conclusions The mechanism of isoniazid-associated psychosis is uncertain. It appears that isoniazid was associated with the psychosis evident in our patient and in the cases reviewed.

Weight Gain Associated with Cinnarizine

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 928-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Navarro-Badenes ◽  
Inocencia Martínez-Mir ◽  
Vicente Palop ◽  
Elena Rubio ◽  
Francisco J. Morales-Olivas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Previous Level ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: To report four cases of cinnarizine-induced weight gain. DATA SOURCES: Case reports from a local obesity center and review articles. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted from spontaneous comments made by patients to one of the authors, who was a doctor at the clinic, and reviewed by the remaining authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: We reviewed the cases of four women, aged 50–57 years without endocrine or metabolic pathologies, that showed weight gain associated with the intake of cinnarizine for one to two years. No other drugs usually were administered during the period in which the women gained weight, although in two cases cinnarizine was associated with dihydroergocristine in the same medicine (Clinadil). The mean weight increase was 6.25 kg (range 4–10). The increases do not appear to be related to whether the patients' initial weight was ideal or excessive. The weight gain was always associated with increased appetite and food intake. One patient discontinued cinnarizine treatment and her weight returned to its previous level. CONCLUSIONS: Cinnarizine is a piperazine derivative used in the treatment of vertigo and in the prophylaxis of migraine. In contrast to related drugs, data about cinnarizine are scarce because randomized trials of cinnarizine have been inconclusive. Our observations indicate that cinnarizine may cause weight gain, as observed with other drugs in the same class.

scholarly journals Prioritising recommendations following analyses of adverse events in healthcare: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e000843
Author(s):  
Kelly Bos ◽  
Maarten J van der Laan ◽  
Dave A Dongelmans
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
User Friendly

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to identify an appropriate method—a user-friendly and validated method—that prioritises recommendations following analyses of adverse events (AEs) based on objective features.Data sourcesThe electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (Ovid) and ERIC (Ovid) were searched.Study selectionStudies were considered eligible when reporting on methods to prioritise recommendations.Data extractionTwo teams of reviewers performed the data extraction which was defined prior to this phase.Results of data synthesisEleven methods were identified that are designed to prioritise recommendations. After completing the data extraction, none of the methods met all the predefined criteria. Nine methods were considered user-friendly. One study validated the developed method. Five methods prioritised recommendations based on objective features, not affected by personal opinion or knowledge and expected to be reproducible by different users.ConclusionThere are several methods available to prioritise recommendations following analyses of AEs. All these methods can be used to discuss and select recommendations for implementation. None of the methods is a user-friendly and validated method that prioritises recommendations based on objective features. Although there are possibilities to further improve their features, the ‘Typology of safety functions’ by de Dianous and Fiévez, and the ‘Hierarchy of hazard controls’ by McCaughan have the most potential to select high-quality recommendations as they have only a few clearly defined categories in a well-arranged ordinal sequence.

Recovery and Return to Activity Following Exertional Heat Stroke: Considerations for the Sports Medicine Staff

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
Matthew S. Ganio ◽  
Lawrence E. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Exertional Heat Stroke ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Initial Care ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Return To Activity

Objective:To describe the current scientific evidence of recovery and return to activity following exertional heat stroke (EHS).Data Sources:Information was collected using MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus databases in English using combinations of key words, exertional heat stroke, recovery, rehabilitation, residual symptoms, heat tolerance, return to activity, and heat illness.Study Selection:Relevant peer-reviewed, military, and published text materials were reviewed.Data Extraction:Inclusion criteria were based on the article’s coverage of return to activity, residual symptoms, or testing for long-term treatment. Fifty-two out of the original 554 sources met these criteria and were included in data synthesis.Data Synthesis:The recovery time following EHS is dependent on numerous factors, and recovery length is individually based and largely dependent on the initial care provided.Conclusion:Future research should focus on developing a structured return-to-activity strategy following EHS.

Foscarnet-Associated Penile Ulcerations

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-217
Author(s):  
Richard M. Cadle ◽  
Richard J. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Search Index ◽  
Genital Hygiene

Objective: To report a case of foscarnet-induced penile ulcerations and review literature related to this adverse effect. Data Sources: Case reports and review articles identified by a computerized search (MEDLINE) and manual search (Index Medicus). Data Synthesis: Foscarnet is a pyrophosphate analog antiviral agent that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. It also is used investigationally for other indications and human herpesvirus infections. Adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, anemia, ionized calcium abnormalities, and penile ulcerations. The majority of penile ulcers have developed within two weeks following initiation of foscarnet therapy with dosages of 180–200 mg/kg/d. Most cases required discontinuation of foscarnet to resolve the penile lesions. A postulated mechanism for this effect is inflammatory contact dermatitis from exposure to urine with elevated concentrations of foscarnet. We report a case of foscarnet-induced penile ulcerations that resolved after discontinuing this agent. Conclusions: Foscarnet can induce penile ulcerations. Increased awareness of this phenomenon, along with meticulous genital hygiene and urination practices, are required for its prevention.

Linearity in Dose—Response from Zinc Lozenges in Treatment of Common Colds

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A Eby
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Zinc Speciation

Objective: To test the hypothesis that major variations in daily zinc ion availability (ZIA) between lozenge formulations caused greatly differing results and to describe the biologically closed electric circuit between the mouth and nose. Data Sources: Data sources included clinical and in vitro reports, zinc speciation computations, and unpublished data from the original researchers and manufacturers. Data Extraction: Data were extracted to determine the composition and usage of lozenges and resultant changes in common cold duration. Lozenge ZIA values were determined from Zn2+ ion concentrations and oral contact time. Data Synthesis: Data synthesis disclosed that lozenges releasing Zn2+ ions at physiologic pH (positive ZIA values) shortened the duration of colds. Conversely, lozenges that released negatively charged zinc complexes (ZnLN−) at physiologic pH (negative ZIA values) lengthened the duration of colds. ZIA 100 lozenges reduced the duration of colds by 7 days. ZIA 0 lozenges had no effect. ZIA −55 lozenges lengthened the duration of colds by 4.4 days. Conclusions: The hypothesis is valid that major variations in ZIA from different zinc lozenge formulations used in clinical trials caused greatly differing results. A linear dose-response relationship exists between ZIA values of zinc lozenges and changes in duration of common colds. In agreement with in vitro activity, Zn2+ ions from lozenges inhibit replication of rhinoviruses, induce interferon release, and stabilize cell membranes in common cold treatment. Linearity in dose-response shows efficacy against common cold duration from clinically untested lozenges to be predictable on the basis of readily determined ZIA values of experimental lozenges.

scholarly journals Levels of biogenic amines in the brain of rats at experimental post-traumatic stress disorder development

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-810
Author(s):  
R V Deev ◽  
Yu M Shatrova ◽  
A I Sinitskiy ◽  
N S Molchanova ◽  
A K Yunusova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain

Aim. To study the changes in levels of biogenic amines-neurotransmitters in the brain at experimental post-traumatic stress disorder development in rats. Methods. Post-traumatic stress disorder was modeled by keeping 48 outbred male rats in under constant and inescapable strong unconditioned stimulus. The control group included 16 intact animals, not exposed to stress influences. The levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid were determined by fluorometric methods. Behavioral activity of animals was evaluated on the day 3, 7, 10 and 14 by «open field» and «elevated plus maze» actinographs. Results. When comparing the concentrations of studied neurotransmitters in the brain of control animals with experimental groups, reflecting the development of post-traumatic stress disorder at the time, adrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels were increased on the third day, level of norepinephrine was reduced on the seventh day, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, norepinephrine levels were elevaled, gamma-aminobutyric acid level was reduced on the tenth day, gamma-aminobutyric acid level was increased on the fourteenth day after the stress. Conclusion. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the largest contribution to the development of behavioral disorders are made by altered brain level of gamma-aminobutyric acid at the time of post-traumatic stress disorder formation (tenth and fourteenth day). At the earlier stages (third and seventh day), the relationship of rats behavioral activity and altered 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and norepinephrine brain levels was shown.

The Effects of Agonists of Ionotropic GABAAand Metabotropic GABABReceptors on Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Zyablitseva ◽  
Nikolay S. Kositsyn ◽  
Galina I. Shul'gina
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Conditioned Inhibition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Internal Inhibition ◽  
Selective Agonist ◽  
The Brain

The research described here investigates the role played by inhibitory processes in the discriminations made by the nervous system of humans and animals between familiar and unfamiliar and significant and nonsignificant events. This research compared the effects of two inhibitory mediators of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): 1) phenibut, a nonselective agonist of ionotropic GABAAand metabotropic GABABreceptors and 2) gaboxadol a selective agonist of ionotropic GABAAreceptors on the process of developing active defensive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes in alert non-immobilized rabbits. It was found that phenibut, but not gaboxadol, accelerates the development of defensive reflexes at an early stage of conditioning. Both phenibut and gaboxadol facilitate the development of conditioned inhibition, but the effect of gaboxadol occurs at later stages of conditioning and is less stable than that of phenibut. The earlier and more stable effects of phenibut, as compared to gaboxadol, on storage in memory of the inhibitory significance of a stimulus may occur because GABABreceptors play the dominant role in the development of internal inhibition during an early stage of conditioning. On the other hand this may occur because the participation of both GABAAand GABABreceptors are essential to the process. We discuss the polyfunctionality of GABA receptors as a function of their structure and the positions of the relevant neurons in the brain as this factor can affect regulation of various types of psychological processes.

scholarly journals Metabolomic changes in animal models of depression: a systematic analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juncai Pu ◽  
Yiyun Liu ◽  
Siwen Gui ◽  
Lu Tian ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Pimelic Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
The Brain

AbstractExtensive research has been carried out on the metabolomic changes in animal models of depression; however, there is no general agreement about which metabolites exhibit constant changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify consistently altered metabolites in large-scale metabolomics studies of depression models. We performed vote counting analyses to identify consistently upregulated or downregulated metabolites in the brain, blood, and urine of animal models of depression based on 3743 differential metabolites from 241 animal metabolomics studies. We found that serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, anandamide, and tryptophan were downregulated in the brain, while kynurenine, myo-inositol, hydroxykynurenine, and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio were upregulated. Regarding blood metabolites, tryptophan, leucine, tyrosine, valine, trimethylamine N-oxide, proline, oleamide, pyruvic acid, and serotonin were downregulated, while N-acetyl glycoprotein, corticosterone, and glutamine were upregulated. Moreover, citric acid, oxoglutaric acid, proline, tryptophan, creatine, betaine, L-dopa, palmitic acid, and pimelic acid were downregulated, and hippuric acid was upregulated in urine. We also identified consistently altered metabolites in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, serum, and plasma. These findings suggested that metabolomic changes in depression models are characterized by decreased neurotransmitter and increased kynurenine metabolite levels in the brain, decreased amino acid and increased corticosterone levels in blood, and imbalanced energy metabolism and microbial metabolites in urine. This study contributes to existing knowledge of metabolomic changes in depression and revealed that the reproducibility of candidate metabolites was inadequate in previous studies.

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