Accessible In-Flight Entertainment Systems for Blind and Deaf Passengers

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Caesar Eghtesadi ◽  
Larry Goldberg ◽  
Bradley Botkin ◽  
Trisha O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Sensory Disabilities ◽  
Audio Information ◽  
The U.S

This article describes the development of a prototype accessible in-flight entertainment (IFE) system for people with sensory disabilities. For passengers who are deaf or hard of hearing, the system provides access to content through user-selectable caption display of audio information. Those who are blind or have low vision can find content via talking menus and audio description of key visual content. Findings support the feasibility of project solutions and informed development of recommendations for accessible designs within industry IFE standards. Results are under review by the U.S. Department of Transportation in support of a proposed supplemental rulemaking on requirements for accessible IFE systems.

Composite Sleeve Repair in the North American Regulatory Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Ortiz ◽  
Dan Jungwirth ◽  
Yashar Behnamian ◽  
Hossein Jiryaei Sharahi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
The North ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
American Society ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Composite sleeve repairs have been used in the pipeline industry for the last 25+ years. Fiberglass sleeves (e.g., Clock Spring®) were initially introduced in the market and are still being used as a proven pipeline repair method. For the last 15+ years, new composite materials have been introduced in the industry to provide a wider variety of repair options depending on the type of imperfections being repaired. Regulations in the U.S.A. and Canada share some requirements regarding design, installation, testing, and assessment of composite sleeve repairs. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) through the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) recommends the use of repair methods consistent with industry standards. The 2019 version of the Canadian CSA Z662 Oil and Gas Pipeline Standard includes requirements for testing and qualification according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) regulation PCC-2 or ISO/TS 24817, and requirements for conducting an engineering assessment to determine the subsequent maximum stress on the pipe sleeve. This paper compares the regulatory requirements for pipeline composite sleeve repairs in the U.S.A. and Canada; it describes some of the options for composite sleeve repair, and reviews engineering assessments of methodologies for composite sleeve repair.

The Fourth Troll Prerequisite

Cyberwar ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Kathleen Hall Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Content ◽  
Communication Climate ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

Chapter 7 explores the fourth troll prerequisite for hacked and generated content to influence the U.S. election: was it persuasive, that is, was it convincing, viral, and memorable? Jamieson discusses how the trolls flooded the communication climate in key areas, the way in which liking and sharing amplified the reach of their messages, and the strength of their evocative visual content, which increased both their virality and memorability.

scholarly journals Designing Talking ATM System for People with Visual Impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Damodar Magdum ◽  
Tejaswini Patil ◽  
Dr Maloji Suman ◽  
Dr T.B. Mohite Patil
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Speech Synthesis ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Speech Corpus ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Automated Teller Machine ◽  
Audio Information ◽  
Financial Transactions

In this paper, we discuss process of design and development of talking ATM for visually impaired people. Automated Teller Machine (ATM) has become vital part of our life to perform financial transactions without intervention of human banker. ATM facilitates cash withdrawal, balance check, mini statement and fund transfer. But, these banking services using ATM cannot be directly used by some set of people of society such as people with low vision, visually impaired, illiterate as lack of accessing ATM through screens. Even they can be defrauded at ATM centers. To digitally include these set of people, talking ATMs are evolved. Talking ATM provides accessibility to ATM services by providing audio component. Many ATMs employ headphone jack that facilitates user to do transaction with security. The audio information is generated either using pre-recorded speech corpus or through speech synthesis engine. The paper summarizes how ATM works, need, proposed solution of talking ATM for visually impaired users, design and development talking ATM using concatenated Text To Speech.  

scholarly journals The Present and Future of Audio Description and Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Utray ◽  
Ana María Pereira ◽  
Pilar Orero
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

Abstract The aim of this article is to describe the state of the art in Spain of the two most popular media accessible modalities: audio description and subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing. The article traces their origin and development up to the present time. It also examines standards and laws and analyses the economic and operative implications of media accessibility, which does not follow traditional economic parameters. The article aims to define the profile of future describers and subtitlers in Spain, who are currently being trained in the field of Audiovisual Translation. It concludes by proposing a wide variety of measures to be taken in order to reach full media accessibility and raise popular awareness of these services which are available now and will be increasingly so in the future with the change from analogous to digital broadcasting.

Who’s devising your theatre experience? A director’s approach to inclusive theatre for blind and low vision theatregoers

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala D Naraine ◽  
Margot R Whitfield ◽  
Deborah I Fels
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Entertainment Value ◽  
First Time ◽  
Delivery Style ◽  
Insight Into

In this article, the authors present the first documented implementation of a director-produced and delivered audio description (AD) for devising theatre. In a single live, audio-described performance of Highway 63: The Fort Mac Show at Theatre Passe Muraille in Toronto, Canada, the director/describer’s artistically informed approach focuses on entertainment value for blind and low vision (B/LV) theatregoers. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with the director/screenwriter/describer garnered insight into a director’s unique perspective on the development process for the integrated approach to AD, including her artistic choices, expectations and delivery style as a first-time amateur director/describer. The process of developing and delivering integrated AD had a transformative effect on her as a director.

scholarly journals The Rogue Poster-Children of Universal Design: Closed Captioning and Audio Description

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Patrick Udo ◽  
Deborah I. Fels
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Closed Captioning ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Television Film ◽  
Do So

To abide by the tenants of universal design theory, the design of a product or service needs to not only consider the inclusion of as many potential users and uses as possible but also do so from conception. Control over the creation and adaption of the design should, therefore, fall under the purview of the original designer. Closed captioning has always been touted as an excellent example of an design or electronic curb-cut because it is a system designed for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, yet is used by many others for access to television in noisy environments such as gyms or pubs, or to learn a second language. Audio description is poised to have a similar image. In this paper, we will demonstrate how the processes and practices associated within closed captioning and audio description, in their current form, violate some of the main principles of universal design and are thus not such good examples of it. In addition, we will introduce an alternative process and set of practices through which directors of television, film and live events are able to take control of closed captioning and audio description by integrating them into the production process. In doing so, we will demonstrate that closed captioning and audio description are worthy of directorial attention and creative input rather than being tacked on at the very end of the process and usually to only meet regulatory or legislative mandates.

scholarly journals Improving and Evaluating a Software Tool for Providing Animated Text Enhancements to Close Captions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mori
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Closed Captions ◽  
Audio Information

While television and film technologies have changed according to user preferences, Closed Captions (CC) have suffered from a lack of innovation since their inception in the 1970’s. For the Deaf and Hard of Hearing communities CC provides only limited access to non-speech audio information. This thesis explores the usability of a new captioning application, EnACT that provides animated text for non-speech audio information such as the emotions portrayed and their corresponding intensities. Reactions from software users were collected and evaluated. Participants found the software easy to use and a suitable alternative to conventional CC options for non-speech audio however, they disliked the amount of time it took for them to adjust timing for the animations of the captions. Overall, participants rated EnACT easy to use and the task of assigning emotions and their corresponding intensities to the video script as relatively simple, however, additional emotional labels were requested by participants overall.

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