Weightbearing Computed Tomography of the Foot and Ankle: Emerging Technology Topical Review

In the last decade, cone-beam computed tomography technology with improved designs allowing flexible gantry movements has allowed both supine and standing weight-bearing imaging of the lower extremity. There is an increasing amount of literature describing the use of weightbearing computed tomography in patients with foot and ankle disorders. To date, there is no review article summarizing this imaging modality in the foot and ankle. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of relevant clinical studies targeting the use of weightbearing computed tomography in diagnosis of patients with foot and ankle disorders. Furthermore, this review aims to offer insight to those with interest in considering possible future research opportunities with use of this technology. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.

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Weight Bearing Cone Beam Computed Tomography (WBCT) in the Foot and Ankle

10.1007/978-3-030-31949-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Martinus Richter ◽

Francois Lintz ◽

Cesar de Cesar Netto ◽

Alexej Barg ◽

Arne Burssens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Foot And Ankle

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Correction to: Weight Bearing Cone Beam Computed Tomography (WBCT) in the Foot and Ankle

Weight Bearing Cone Beam Computed Tomography (WBCT) in the Foot and Ankle ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-31949-6_24 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. C1-C1

Author(s):

Martinus Richter ◽

Francois Lintz ◽

Cesar de Cesar Netto ◽

Alexej Barg ◽

Arne Burssens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Foot And Ankle

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Hindfoot alignment using weight-bearing computed tomography

Journal of the Foot & Ankle ◽

10.30795/jfootankle.2020.v14.1214 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 239-242

Author(s):

Eduardo Pires ◽

Carlos Lôbo ◽

Cesar De Cesar Netto ◽

Alexandre Godoy-Santos

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Treatment Decision ◽

Metatarsal Head ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Hindfoot Alignment ◽

Treatment Decision Making ◽

First Metatarsal ◽

Block Test

Measurement of hindfoot malalignment and flexibility is essential for treatment decision-making in cavovarus foot deformity. Weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) shows greater diagnostic accuracy and allows the study of osteoarticular alignment in the physiological upright position. The most commonly used method for measurements on WBCT scans is the foot and ankle offset (FAO), which is based on the structural tripod of the foot: the calcaneus and the first and fifth metatarsal heads. During the Coleman block test, the first metatarsal head is not resting on the ground and, therefore, does not represent the physiological support of the tripod. We describe a new measurement, the forefoot/hindfoot offset (FHO), for assessing hindfoot alignment on WBCT scans. Level of Evidence V; Diagnostic Studies; Expert Opinion.

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WEIGHT-BEARING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE: AN UPDATE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Acta Ortopédica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1413-785220182602188482 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 135-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

ALEXANDRE LEME GODOY-SANTOS ◽

CESAR DE CESAR NETTO

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Decision Making ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Standing Position ◽

Acquisition Time ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Spatial Understanding ◽

Therapeutic Decision Making

ABSTRACT Spatial understanding of osteoarticular deformities of the foot and ankle is vital to correct diagnosis and therapeutic decision making. Poor reproducibility in conventional standing radiography in three orthogonal views has driven the development of weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) technology over the last decade. We analyzed the available literature on WBCT imaging in patients with foot and ankle disorders by performing a literature review of relevant clinical studies in multiple databases including PubMed, MedLine, and Scopus from January 1999 to October 2017. WBCT imaging allows correct evaluation of foot and ankle anatomy with the patient in a standing position, providing images with high spatial resolution, short image acquisition time, low dose of radiation, and costs which are similar to other available imaging technologies. This diagnostic tool can be used for decision making in the treatment of deformities of the ankle, hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Level of Evidence III; Systematic review of level III studies.

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Weight-bearing cone-beam computed tomography in the foot and ankle specialty: where we are and where we are going - an update

Radiologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 177-184

Author(s):

Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos ◽

Alessio Bernasconi ◽

Marcelo Bordalo-Rodrigues ◽

François Lintz ◽

Carlos Felipe Teixeira Lôbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Ankle Surgery ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

Three Dimensional Models

Abstract Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been applied in dentistry and medicine for nearly two decades. Its application in the foot and ankle specialty has grown exponentially in recent years. Weight-bearing CBCT allows clinicians to obtain weight-bearing images that can be viewed in all three planes and to construct three-dimensional models, similar to those constructed from traditional CT scans, as well as exposing patients to less radiation than do traditional CT scans. This technology has revolutionized diagnoses, improving the understanding of various lesions and surgical planning in the foot and ankle specialty. Ongoing studies of the use of weight-bearing CBCT in foot and ankle surgery are focused on fully automated and semi-automated three-dimensional measurements, as well as bone segmentation, mapping of the distances/orientation of the joints, and the production of customized implants. The aims of this review article are to show the evolution of this emerging tool in the foot and ankle specialty, to update those in related specialties on its use in current clinical practice, and to indicate where the research community is heading.

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Diagnosis of invasive cervical resorption by using cone beam computed tomography: report of two cases

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402012000500023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 602-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Karla de Faria Vasconcelos ◽

Yuri Nejaim ◽

Francisco Haiter Neto ◽

Frab Norberto Bóscolo

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Short Period ◽

Radiographic Interpretation

A radiographic interpretation is essential to the diagnosis of invasive cervical resorption (ICR) and the difficulty in distinguishing this lesion from internal root resorption has been highlighted in the literature. This paper reports the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis of ICR. The cases reports describe how CBCT can be used to make a differential diagnosis and also show that the use of this technology can provide relevant information on the location and nature of root resorption, which conventional radiographs cannot. As a result, the root canal treatment was not initially considered. The patients will be monitored and will undergo a scan after a short period of time to detect any small changes. It was observed that both cases benefited from CBCT in the diagnosis of ICR, because this imaging modality determined the real extent of resorption and possible points of communication with the periodontal space.

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Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: An Evidence-Based Review

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7020052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert Weiss ◽

Andrew Read-Fuller

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Future Research ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Evidence Based ◽

3 Dimensional

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a valuable imaging technique in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) that can help direct a surgeon’s approach to a variety of conditions. A 3-dimensional analysis of head and neck anatomy allows practitioners to plan appropriately, operate with confidence, and assess results post-operatively. CBCT imaging has clear indications and limitations. CBCT offers the clinician 3-dimensional and multi-planar views for a more accurate diagnosis and treatment without the financial burden and radiation exposure of conventional computed tomography (CT) scans. Furthermore, CBCT overcomes certain limitations of 2-dimensional imaging, such as distortion, magnification, and superimposition. However, CBCT lacks the detailed depiction of soft tissue conditions for evaluation of pathologic conditions, head and neck infections, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc evaluation. This review evaluates the evidence-based research supporting the application of CBCT in the various fields of oral and maxillofacial surgery, including dentoalveolar surgery, dental implants, TMJ, orthognathic surgery, trauma, and pathology, and will assess the value of CBCT in pre-operative assessment, surgical planning, and post-operative analysis when applicable. Additionally, the significant limitations of CBCT and potential areas for future research will be discussed.

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Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Allows Accurate Registration to Surgical Navigation Systems: A Multidevice Phantom Study

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/1945892419861849 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 691-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin J. Talks ◽

Karan Jolly ◽

Hanna Burton ◽

Hitesh Koria ◽

Shahzada K. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Surgical Navigation ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Field Of View ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Navigation Systems ◽

Registration Error ◽

Surgical Navigation Systems ◽

Phantom Head

Background Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a fast imaging technique with a substantially lower radiation dosage than conventional multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for sinus imaging. Surgical navigation systems are increasingly being used in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery, reducing perioperative morbidity. Objective To investigate CBCT as a low-radiation imaging modality for use in surgical navigation. Methods The required field of view was measured from the tip of the nose to the posterior clinoid process anteroposteriorly and the nasolabial angle to the roof of the frontal sinus superoinferiorly on 50 consecutive MDCT scans (male = 25; age = 17–85 years). A phantom head was manufactured by 3-dimensional printing and imaged using 3 CBCT scanners (Carestream, J Morita, and NewTom), a conventional MDCT scanner (Siemens), and highly accurate laser scanner (FARO). The phantom head was registered to 3 surgical navigation systems (Brainlab, Stryker, and Medtronic) using scans from each system. Results The required field of view (mean ± standard deviation) was measured as 107 ± 7.6 mm anteroposteriorly and 90.3 ± 9.6 mm superoinferiorly. Image error deviations from the laser scan (median ± interquartile range) were comparable for MDCT (0.19 ± 0.09 mm) and CBCT (CBCT 1: 0.15 ± 0.11 mm; CBCT 2: 0.33 ± 0.18 mm; and CBCT 3: 0.13 ± 0.13 mm) scanners. Fiducial registration error and target registration error were also comparable for MDCT- and CBCT-based navigation. Conclusion CBCT is a low-radiation preoperative imaging modality suitable for use in surgical navigation.

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Women’s Networking and Career Development: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature

International Journal of Business and Management ◽

10.5539/ijbm.v11n11p231 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

W. M. S. K. Wanigasekara

Keyword(s):

Career Development ◽

Conference Proceedings ◽

Literature Review ◽

Network Structure ◽

Gender Stereotype ◽

Review Article ◽

Future Research ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Critical Aspects

Women behave differently from men in the development of their career. Additionally, women use networking relationships for advancement of their careers. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to analyze the different empirical views on barriers in women’s networking and its impact on their career development. The literature review comprises journal articles, conference proceedings and institutional reports by multidimensional organizations on the topic of women’s networking and their career development. This review article identifies five critical aspects in the literature as old boy’s networks, gender stereotype for networks, women network structure, network preference and attitude on women’s networking. Finally, this paper presents the deficiencies of existing literature and directions to future research.

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