Pressure Distribution under Symptom-Free Feet during Barefoot Standing

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Cavanagh ◽  
Mary M. Rodgers ◽  
Akira liboshi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Transverse Arch ◽  
Peak Pressures

The plantar pressure distributions for a large heterogeneous sample of feet (N = 107) were collected during barefoot standing using a capacitance mat. From these data, the function of the foot during standing was characterized. Peak pressures under the heel (139 kPa) were, on average, 2.6 times greater than forefoot pressures (53 kPa). Forefoot peak pressures were usually located under the second or third metatarsal heads. No significant relationship was found between body weight and the magnitude of peak pressure. The concepts of a transverse arch at the level of the metatarsal heads and a “tripod” theory of load distribution were not substantiated by this study. Load distribution analysis showed that the heel carried 60%, the midfoot 8%, and the forefoot 28% of the weightbearing load. The toes were only minimally involved in the weightbearing process. Examples of unusual distributions are shown; finally, a checklist is provided to aid the clinician in evaluating plantar pressure findings.

Foot Function in Patients With Surgically Treated Preaxial Polydactyly of the Foot Compared With Age- and Sex-Matched Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Elise B. Burger ◽  
Shaktie A. Lalé ◽  
Steven E. R. Hovius ◽  
Christianne A. van Nieuwenhoven ◽  
Sicco A. Bus
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Treatment of preaxial foot polydactyly, a duplication of the first ray, consists of excision of an extra ray, aiming to improve shoe fitting and aesthetic appearance, while maintaining foot function. Currently, the effect of excision on foot function and foot-related patient experiences is unclear. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison between 37 children treated for preaxial foot polydactyly and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was performed. Dynamic foot function was assessed using plantar pressure measurements and static foot characteristics by physical examination. Patient-reported outcomes for foot function and footwear were evaluated, using the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (score, 0-100). Results: Compared with controls, patients had significantly lower median peak pressures at the hallux (148 kPa [IQR, 98-245] vs 272 kPa [IQR, 205-381], P < .001) and significantly higher peak pressures at the second metatarsal (217 kPa [IQR, 147-338] vs 166 kPa [IQR, 141-235], P = .002) and third to fifth metatarsals (214 kPa [IQR, 147-290] vs 161 kPa [IQR, 135-235], P < .001). Additionally, patients had a more medially deviated hallux, both while seated (15 degrees (IQR, 11-20) vs 12 degrees [IQR, 10-15], P = .001) and standing (20 degrees [IQR, 15-26] vs 18 degrees [IQR, 15-20], P = .001). No significant correlation between peak pressure distribution and hallux deviation was found. Patients reported minimal problems with foot function (87.5 [IQR, 64.6-100]), but distinct problems with footwear use (50.0 [IQR, 25.0-100]). Conclusion: Patients with surgically treated preaxial foot polydactyly had a substantially altered plantar pressure distribution with more lateral foot progression than healthy controls. Although an increased hallux deviation was not related to altered foot function, it seemed to be the reason for the patient-perceived problems with footwear. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.

Measurement of Seat Pressure Distributions

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Treaster ◽  
W. S. Marras
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
Optical Reflection ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Image Digitization ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Chair Design

Knowledge of seating pressures is important for proper chair design. This study demonstrates the usefulness of a new methodology for measuring pressure distributions. It refines and advances an optical-reflection technique introduced several years ago. In this way precise quantitative measures of the pressure distribution can be obtained. Video image digitization, which converts analog video signals to digital ones, provided data in a form that could be easily submitted for computer analysis. Additionally, a novel method of analysis is presented that allows for the measurement and evaluation of the distribution of seated pressures, rather than peak pressures alone. A preliminary experiment with eight subjects was conducted to demonstrate the validity of the experimental apparatus and the data treatment.

scholarly journals Plantar pressure distribution evaluation in children with down syndrome from 2 to 5 years old

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas ◽  
Riuraly Caroline Barreiros Fortunato Rangel ◽  
Sulamita Saile de Jesus Oliveira Dornelas ◽  
Anderson Daibert Amaral ◽  
Flávio Augusto Teixeira Ronzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution

Abstract Introduction: Some peculiar features of Down Syndrome (DS), such as ligament laxity, hypotonia, delay in gait acquisition, among others, may generate alterations in the distribution of plantar pressures, modifying the plantar support. Objective: To verify whether there are differences in the evaluation of plantar pressure distributions in standing posture between the measurement instruments (Baropodometer, SAPO, and Radiography). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, evaluating ten children with SD and ten children with normal development (ND), aged from two to five years old. Bio-photogrammetry, baropodometry, and foot radiography were used to assess the plantar pressure distribution. Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the agreement index between the different instruments. Results: Children with DS and ND had a higher prevalence of pronated feet in all three instruments, with poor to substantial agreement among the instruments. Conclusion: According to this study instruments, there was a greater prevalence of pronated feet in the two groups . Differences in the evaluation of the distribution of plantar pressures in the standing posture between the Baropodometer, SAPO, and radiography were observed. These instruments should be used in a complementary manner, as they propose to evaluate different aspects of the feet alignment.

scholarly journals Elhízott populációra jellemző talpnyomásminták vizsgálata

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (48) ◽  
pp. 1919-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Leidecker ◽  
Péter Kellermann ◽  
Mónika Galambosné Tiszberger ◽  
Bálint Molics ◽  
Aliz Bohner-Beke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plantar Area

Introduction: Although the role of body weight on foot health and load has been widely documented in research, the effect of the extra load due to body weight on plantar pressure characteristics is not well known. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of obesity on plantar pressure patterns among the working-age population. Method: 180 participants were involved. Two groups were evaluated according to body mass index categories regarding eight regions of the plantar area, focusing on the following parameters: contact area, maximum pressure and peak pressure. Results: Compared with non-obese subjects, the peak pressure was the highest on the midfoot (p<0.001) and the forefoot (p<0.001). Regarding the maximum force, significant statistical difference was detected on the toes (p<0.001), with a value lower among the obese group. The contact area on the total foot and the midfoot was lower among the non-obese subjects (p<0.001). Conclusions: Loading is greatly increasing on the whole plantar area, especially at the midfoot and the forefoot region. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(48), 1919–1925.

scholarly journals The Combination of Modified Mitchell’s Osteotomy and Shortening Oblique Osteotomy for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Analysis of Changes in Plantar Pressure Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 9948
Author(s):  
Hyunho Lee ◽  
Hajime Ishikawa ◽  
Tatsuaki Shibuya ◽  
Chinatsu Takai ◽  
Tetsuya Nemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Joint Deformity ◽  
Oblique Osteotomy ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Joint Preserving Surgery

The present study aims to evaluate changes in plantar pressure distribution after joint-preserving surgery for rheumatoid forefoot deformity. A retrospective study was performed on 26 feet of 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent the following surgical combination: modified Mitchell’s osteotomy (mMO) of the first metatarsal and shortening oblique osteotomy of the lateral four metatarsals. Plantar pressure distribution and clinical background parameters were evaluated preoperatively and one year postoperatively. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative values indicated a significant improvement in the visual analog scale, Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot scale, and radiographic parameters, such as the hallux valgus angle. A significant increase in peak pressure was observed at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) (0.045 vs. 0.082 kg/cm2; p < 0.05) and a significant decrease at the second and third MTPJs (0.081 vs. 0.048 kg/cm2; p < 0.05, 0.097 vs. 0.054 kg/cm2; p < 0.05). While overloading at the lateral metatarsal heads following mMO has been reported in previous studies, no increase in peak pressure at the lateral MTPJs was observed in our study. The results of our study show that this surgical combination can be an effective and beneficial surgical combination for RA patients with mild to moderate joint deformity.

Pedobarometric Evaluation of the Normal Adult Male Foot

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Imamura ◽  
Satiko Tomikawa Imamura ◽  
Osny Salomão ◽  
César Augusto Martins Pereira ◽  
Antonio Egydio De Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
White Men ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Dominant Side ◽  
Limb Dominance

Static and dynamic pedobarometric evaluations were performed on the feet of 100 normal adult white men aged from 20 to 49 years old (mean = 29.9±6.9), using version 3.848 of the F-SCAN system. All evaluations were performed using new pressure sensor insoles with standardized conditions. Maximum vertical forces and plantar peak pressure measurements were taken during 7.88 seconds each of walking in a straight line at subject's own pace and standing. Feet were separated based on their side and lower limb dominance. The means of three consecutive and three alternate tests provided quantitative data. Maximum static and vertical dynamic forces were found to be greater on the dominant side and were significantly correlated with body weight. There were significant differences between dominant and non-dominant sides in static plantar peak pressure evaluations at the forefoot and midfoot, and in the dynamic evaluations at the midfoot. There was a significant correlation between dynamic plantar peak pressures at the midfoot and body weight.

Assessment of Plantar Pressure in Hindfoot Relief Shoes of Different Designs

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hahn ◽  
Hans-Dieter Carl ◽  
Andreas Jendrissek ◽  
Matthias Brem ◽  
Bernd Swoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Peak Pressures

Background Although there are several different concepts of hindfoot relief footwear, there are no studies on the extent of pressure reduction to be achieved by this footwear. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the reduction in plantar pressure to be achieved with two different hindfoot relief shoes. Methods Ten healthy volunteers performed three trials at a self-selected speed. Peak pressure values in mass-produced shoes (normal gait) were considered as 100% and were compared with measurements in two differently designed hindfoot relief shoes. Foot portions were defined as heel (0%–15% of total insole length), hindfoot (16%–30%), midfoot (31%–60%), and forefoot (61%–100%). Results Heel and hindfoot peak pressures were significantly reduced in both shoes compared with normal gait (P &lt; .05), but the extent of peak pressure reduction under the heel and hindfoot varied significantly between the tested shoes. Midfoot peak pressure was not significantly reduced in tested shoes compared with baseline (P &gt; .05) but differed significantly between the two shoes. Forefoot peak pressure was significantly reduced with one of the tested shoes (to a median 73% baseline; P = .004) but not with the other (median, 88% baseline). Conclusions Hindfoot relief shoes leave a considerable amount of peak pressure, predominantly under the hindfoot. The extent of peak pressure reduction for the heel and the hindfoot varies between different hindfoot relief shoes. Depending on the affected foot area, the kind of hindfoot relief shoe should be carefully chosen.

scholarly journals Influence of schoolbag carriage on pattern changes in plantar pressure during walking among first-grade schoolchildren

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Kasović ◽  
Martin Zvonar ◽  
Larisa Gomaz ◽  
Filip Bolčević ◽  
Vincent Anton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
First Grade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dependent Samples

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of schoolbag carriage on pattern changes in plantar pressure during walking among schoolchildren of first grade. The sample consisted of 127 schoolchildren, 48.8% male (n = 62) and 51.2% female (n = 65), aged 6.7 (±0.5) years. The mean schoolbag weight was 4.2 kg (±0.7), which represented 16.9% (±3.9) of children’s body weight, thus exceeding the upper limit of the recommended 15% of the body weight and generally affecting their posture. The study has shown the statistically significant influence of the schoolbag on changes in plantar pressure pattern when walking in relation to walking without the schoolbag. Using a t-test for large dependent samples and by setting statistical significance at p≤.05, the significant increase was noticed in peak pressure for the forefoot (p=.000; 17.1%), midfoot (p=.000; 5.7%) and hindfoot (p=.004; 3.9%) as well as in average pressure for the midfoot (p=.005; 6.2%). Also, due to the compensatory mechanisms activated while the bag was being carried, the statistically significant increase in the contact surface at the forefoot (p=.000; 3.6%) and midfoot (p=.000, 8.8%) occurred. Changes in the distribution of pressure between different parts of the foot are a source of potential foot problems which is why the results of this study have a high applicability in the prevention of foot pathology in the future

Obesity is Associated With Altered Plantar Pressure Distribution in Older Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Gonçalves Ricci Neri ◽  
André Bonadias Gadelha ◽  
Ana Luiza Matias Correia ◽  
Juscélia Cristina Pereira ◽  
Ana Cristina de David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
Gynoid Fat

Increased plantar pressure has been found to be related with greater risk of falling. Although there is evidence suggesting that obesity is linked to foot disorders, the association between obesity and plantar pressure of older adults has been poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between obesity and plantar pressure distribution and to explore its relationship with body fat distribution. Two hundred and eleven older women took part in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index was taken for obesity classification. Whole body, android, and gynoid fat percentage was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Peak plantar pressure was evaluated during gait using an Emed AT-4 pressure platform. Obese volunteers generated greater peak pressure at midfoot (187.26 kPa) compared to both normal weight (128.52 kPa, p < .001) and overweight (165.74 kPa, p < .001). Peak plantar pressure at midfoot was also greater in overweight compared to normal weight (p < .001). At forefoot, peak pressure was higher in the obese (498.15 kPa) compared to normal weight volunteers (420.41 kPa, p = .007). Additionally, whole body, android, and gynoid fat percentage were significantly associated with peak pressure at midfoot and forefoot. Therefore, clinicians dealing with falls should consider the effect of increased body weight on plantar pressure.

Plantar Pressure Distribution Patterns of Young School Children in Comparison to Adults

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald M. Hennig ◽  
Anke Staats ◽  
Dieter Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
School Children ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Peak Pressures

Peak pressures and relative loads were determined under the feet of 125 children between 6 and 10 years of age. These results were compared with previously published data from 111 adults. A capacitive pressure distribution platform with a resolution of 2 sensors/cm 2 was used for data collection during walking. As compared with the group of adults, the school children showed considerably lower peak pressures under all anatomical structures. Larger foot dimensions with respect to body weight result in reduced foot pressures for the children by distributing the ground reaction forces across larger contact areas. With increasing age, a medial load shift in the forefoot could be observed for the older children. Data analysis of the pressures under the midfoot revealed that the longitudinal foot arch development is almost complete before the age of 6. Contrary to the findings in adults, body weight was identified to be of major influence on the magnitude of the pressures under the feet of school children. No differences were found for the foot pressures between boys and girls.

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