Examining The Medium In Which Feedback Is Delivered on Young Drivers’ Speed Management Behavior: An On-Road Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2013-2017
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Molloy ◽  
Brett Molesworth ◽  
Ann Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Graphical Feedback ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
Road Study

The aim of the present research was to examine the effect of the medium in which feedback is delivered (verbal, written, graphical) on young drivers’ speed management behavior in two speed zones (i.e., 50km and 80km/h), immediately post-training and one week post-training. Sixty young drivers, randomly allocated to one of four feedback groups (i.e., Control, Verbal feedback, Written feedback, Graphical feedback) completed one training and two test drives using an instrumented vehicle. The results showed that feedback presented graphically was most effective in reducing the maximum speed travelled in the two speed zones under examination. This effect was present immediately following training as well as one week later. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

The Effect of Cognitive-Based Training on Young Drivers’ Speed Management Behavior: An On-Road Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1970-1974
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Molloy ◽  
Brett Molesworth ◽  
Ann Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
Road Study

The aim of the present study was to examine the utility of two cognitive-based training methods, namely self-explanation and feedback (i.e., combined and auditory alert) on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. Seventy-five young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three on-road drives in an instrumented vehicle. Four groups received training (e.g., combined feedback, auditory alert feedback, self-explanation, and self-explanation with combined feedback). The fifth group received no training, hence was the control. The results showed that combined feedback was the most successful in reducing the maximum speed travelled in the two speed zones under examination – 50km/h and 80km/h. These effects were present immediately following training as well as one week later. Surprisingly, the auditory alert feedback provided from technology tested in the present research, in some cases adversely affected young drivers’ speed management behavior. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

Understanding the Effect of Feedback on Young Drivers’ Speeding Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1986-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Krasnova ◽  
Brett Molesworth ◽  
Ann Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
Computer Based

The aim of the present study was to empirically investigate the effect of various types of feedback on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. One hundred young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three test drives using a computer-based driving simulator. For four groups, feedback was provided after an 11km drive and focused on speeding behavior, the safety implications of speeding or the financial penalties if caught speeding or all three. The fifth group was a no-feedback control. Driver speed management performance was examined in two 11km drives immediately following the receipt of feedback and one week post feedback. The results showed that all types of Feedback were effective in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior compared to the control group. Providing feedback about financial implications of speeding was found to be the best in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior across all tested conditions. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

scholarly journals Modal Kinematic Analysis of a Parallel Kinematic Robot with Low-Stiffness Transmissions

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Paolo Righettini ◽  
Roberto Strada ◽  
Filippo Cortinovis
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Parallel Robots ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Kinematic Structure ◽  
End Effector ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
Parallel Kinematic ◽  
Actuated Joints

Several industrial robotic applications that require high speed or high stiffness-to-inertia ratios use parallel kinematic robots. In the cases where the critical point of the application is the speed, the compliance of the main mechanical transmissions placed between the actuators and the parallel kinematic structure can be significantly higher than that of the parallel kinematic structure itself. This paper deals with this kind of system, where the overall performance depends on the maximum speed and on the dynamic behavior. Our research proposes a new approach for the investigation of the modes of vibration of the end-effector placed on the robot structure for a system where the transmission’s compliance is not negligible in relation to the flexibility of the parallel kinematic structure. The approach considers the kinematic and dynamic coupling due to the parallel kinematic structure, the system’s mass distribution and the transmission’s stiffness. In the literature, several papers deal with the dynamic vibration analysis of parallel robots. Some of these also consider the transmissions between the motors and the actuated joints. However, these works mainly deal with the modal analysis of the robot’s mechanical structure or the displacement analysis of the transmission’s effects on the positioning error of the end-effector. The discussion of the proposed approach takes into consideration a linear delta robot. The results show that the system’s natural frequencies and the directions of the end-effector’s modal displacements strongly depend on its position in the working space.

scholarly journals Estimation of Arrival Time of Coronal Mass Ejections in the Vicinity of the Earth Using SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory Observations

Solar Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Ravishankar ◽  
Grzegorz Michałek
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Heliospheric Observatory ◽  
The Earth

Abstract The arrival time of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the vicinity of the Earth is one of the most important parameters in determining space weather. We have used a new approach to predicting this parameter. First, in our study, we have introduced a new definition of the speed of ejection. It can be considered as the maximum speed that the CME achieves during the expansion into the interplanetary medium. Additionally, in our research we have used not only observations from the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft but also from Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecrafts. We focus on halo and partial-halo CMEs during the ascending phase of Solar Cycle 24. During this period the STEREO spacecraft were in quadrature position in relation to the Earth. We demonstrated that these conditions of the STEREO observations can be crucial for an accurate determination of the transit times (TTs) of CMEs to the Earth. In our research we defined a new initial velocity of the CME, the maximum velocity determined from the velocity profiles obtained from a moving linear fit to five consecutive height–time points. This new approach can be important from the point of view of space weather as the new parameter is highly correlated with the final velocity of ICMEs. It allows one to predict the TTs with the same accuracy as previous models. However, what is more important is the fact that the new approach has radically reduced the maximum TT estimation errors to 29 hours. Previous studies determined the TT with a maximum error equal to 50 hours.

Motion planning of redundant robot manipulators using constrained optimization: A parallel approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-L Chen ◽  
C-J Lin
Keyword(s):  
Motion Planning ◽  
Constrained Optimization ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Redundancy Resolution ◽  
Tracking Errors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Resolution Problem

A redundant manipulator can achieve a principal task and additional tasks by utilizing the degrees of redundancy. In the present paper, the redundancy resolution problem is formulated as a local equality constrained optimization problem. A motion planning solution corresponding to a design objective is then obtained using a new approach, called the perturbation method. In contrast to conventional approaches, the inverse of the Jacobian matrix is not required in the method proposed. Tracking errors can be bounded by a permissible zone, which is a function of normal tracking error and a safety factor. Positioning of the end effector within the permissible zone is satisfactory for the completion of any given step and signals the beginning of the next step. The position angle change of each joint is also bounded in each sampling interval as a function of robot maximum speed. Computer simulations written in the parallel processing language occam and computed on a transputer-based computation network are used to study the behaviour of the method proposed. Results validate the approach.

High-speed running performance: a new approach to assessment and prediction

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1955-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Bundle ◽  
Reed W. Hoyt ◽  
Peter G. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Trained Runners

We hypothesized that allout running speeds for efforts lasting from a few seconds to several minutes could be accurately predicted from two measurements: the maximum respective speeds supported by the anaerobic and aerobic powers of the runner. To evaluate our hypothesis, we recruited seven competitive runners of different event specialties and tested them during treadmill and overground running on level surfaces. The maximum speed supported by anaerobic power was determined from the fastest speed that subjects could attain for a burst of eight steps (∼3 s or less). The maximum speed supported by aerobic power, or the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake, was determined from a progressive, discontinuous treadmill test to failure. All-out running speeds for trials of 3-240 s were measured during 10-13 constant-speed treadmill runs to failure and 4 track runs at specified distances. Measured values of the maximum speeds supported by anaerobic and aerobic power, in conjunction with an exponential constant, allowed us to predict the speeds of all-out treadmill trials to within an average of 2.5% ( R2 = 0.94; n = 84) and track trials to within 3.4% ( R2 = 0.86; n = 28). An algorithm using this exponent and only two of the all-out treadmill runs to predict the remaining treadmill trials was nearly as accurate (average = 3.7%; R2 = 0.93; n = 77). We conclude that our technique 1) provides accurate predictions of high-speed running performance in trained runners and 2) offers a performance assessment alternative to existing tests of anaerobic power and capacity.

scholarly journals Graphical enhancements of the Virtual Programming Lab

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Mooney ◽  
Emlyn Hegart Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Virtual Learning Environment ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Graphical Feedback ◽  
Automated Feedback ◽  
User Friendly

It is generally recognised that providing consistent, meaningful written feedback is not an easy task, especially when dealing with large classes. Feedback does needs to be effective, meaning it has to be appropriate and timely and needs to be individual, where possible. Automated feedback within Computer Science has been around since the 1960’s with the main goals in relation to computer programming being to implement an automatic assessment tool to provide consistent feedback and to alleviate examiners' workloads. The Virtual Programming Lab, a plugin for the Virtual Learning Environment Moodle, is one such tool that allows for Automated Feedback on computer code. This paper presents enhancements to the Virtual Programming that have been developed to make interacting with the tool more user-friendly and provide more graphical feedback to teachers. The enhancements developed provide in-depth graphical feedback on assessment grades within a class and also teacher focused graphical views which provide more in-depth analysis of assessment submissions. Discussed feedback shows that the enhancements developed were all positively received with feedback highlighting the benefits of each.

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