The Effect of Cognitive-Based Training on Young Drivers’ Speed Management Behavior: An On-Road Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1970-1974
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Molloy ◽  
Brett Molesworth ◽  
Ann Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
Road Study

The aim of the present study was to examine the utility of two cognitive-based training methods, namely self-explanation and feedback (i.e., combined and auditory alert) on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. Seventy-five young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three on-road drives in an instrumented vehicle. Four groups received training (e.g., combined feedback, auditory alert feedback, self-explanation, and self-explanation with combined feedback). The fifth group received no training, hence was the control. The results showed that combined feedback was the most successful in reducing the maximum speed travelled in the two speed zones under examination – 50km/h and 80km/h. These effects were present immediately following training as well as one week later. Surprisingly, the auditory alert feedback provided from technology tested in the present research, in some cases adversely affected young drivers’ speed management behavior. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

Examining The Medium In Which Feedback Is Delivered on Young Drivers’ Speed Management Behavior: An On-Road Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2013-2017
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Molloy ◽  
Brett Molesworth ◽  
Ann Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Graphical Feedback ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
Road Study

The aim of the present research was to examine the effect of the medium in which feedback is delivered (verbal, written, graphical) on young drivers’ speed management behavior in two speed zones (i.e., 50km and 80km/h), immediately post-training and one week post-training. Sixty young drivers, randomly allocated to one of four feedback groups (i.e., Control, Verbal feedback, Written feedback, Graphical feedback) completed one training and two test drives using an instrumented vehicle. The results showed that feedback presented graphically was most effective in reducing the maximum speed travelled in the two speed zones under examination. This effect was present immediately following training as well as one week later. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

Understanding the Effect of Feedback on Young Drivers’ Speeding Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1986-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Krasnova ◽  
Brett Molesworth ◽  
Ann Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
Computer Based

The aim of the present study was to empirically investigate the effect of various types of feedback on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. One hundred young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three test drives using a computer-based driving simulator. For four groups, feedback was provided after an 11km drive and focused on speeding behavior, the safety implications of speeding or the financial penalties if caught speeding or all three. The fifth group was a no-feedback control. Driver speed management performance was examined in two 11km drives immediately following the receipt of feedback and one week post feedback. The results showed that all types of Feedback were effective in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior compared to the control group. Providing feedback about financial implications of speeding was found to be the best in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior across all tested conditions. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

scholarly journals Modal Kinematic Analysis of a Parallel Kinematic Robot with Low-Stiffness Transmissions

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Paolo Righettini ◽  
Roberto Strada ◽  
Filippo Cortinovis
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Parallel Robots ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Kinematic Structure ◽  
End Effector ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
Parallel Kinematic ◽  
Actuated Joints

Several industrial robotic applications that require high speed or high stiffness-to-inertia ratios use parallel kinematic robots. In the cases where the critical point of the application is the speed, the compliance of the main mechanical transmissions placed between the actuators and the parallel kinematic structure can be significantly higher than that of the parallel kinematic structure itself. This paper deals with this kind of system, where the overall performance depends on the maximum speed and on the dynamic behavior. Our research proposes a new approach for the investigation of the modes of vibration of the end-effector placed on the robot structure for a system where the transmission’s compliance is not negligible in relation to the flexibility of the parallel kinematic structure. The approach considers the kinematic and dynamic coupling due to the parallel kinematic structure, the system’s mass distribution and the transmission’s stiffness. In the literature, several papers deal with the dynamic vibration analysis of parallel robots. Some of these also consider the transmissions between the motors and the actuated joints. However, these works mainly deal with the modal analysis of the robot’s mechanical structure or the displacement analysis of the transmission’s effects on the positioning error of the end-effector. The discussion of the proposed approach takes into consideration a linear delta robot. The results show that the system’s natural frequencies and the directions of the end-effector’s modal displacements strongly depend on its position in the working space.

A Comparative Study of Two Hazard Handling Training Methods for Novice Drivers

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Wang ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
G. Salvendy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Novice Drivers

scholarly journals 3D Exoscope-Assisted Microvascular Anastomosis: An Evaluation on Latex Vessel Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3373
Author(s):  
Valentina Pinto ◽  
Federico A. Giorgini ◽  
Maria Elisa Lozano Miralles ◽  
Achille Tarsitano ◽  
Maria Martina Panella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
High Definition ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Convenient Setting ◽  
User Friendly

Background. Over the last few years, advances in technologies and digital imaging have led to the introduction of systems that enable a new approach to microsurgery and supermicrosurgery. The exoscope is a new magnification system that provides a 3D image of the surgical field: microsurgical procedures can be performed with the aid of this instrument. Here, we describe our preliminary experience with a high-definition 3D exoscope (VITOM®, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), evaluating the characteristics of the instrument, and also its use as a magnification device for microanastomosis training. Methods. Six microsurgeons with various levels of experience were asked to perform three end-to-end anastomoses and two end-to-side anastomoses on latex vessel models, using, as a magnification system, the VITOM® 3D 4K exoscope. None of the surgeons involved had previous experience with the exoscope, with robotic surgery, with endoscopic surgery, nor with training simulators. Results. The results of the reported evaluation of the tool’s qualities, (VITOM Quality Assessment Tool) included: a good focusing of the surgical field; high image quality; strong luminance; good magnification; clear stereoscopy; and excellent freedom of movement. The exoscope proved to be user-friendly. A constant reduction in the time needed to perform the microsurgical anastomosis at each exercise was recorded. Among other advantages were the easy switching from the magnified image to the macroscopic view, superior ergonomics allowing a relaxed posture while performing the anastomosis, adequate space, and a convenient setting for the assistants to view the operating field. Conclusions. Our study showed that the exoscope VITOM 3D can be successfully used as a magnification tool for microsurgical anastomosis on synthetic vessels, and that it can also be helpful during training courses in microsurgery.

The self-reported driving behaviour of young drivers in Lithuania: An application of the behaviour of young novice drivers scale – Lithuania (BYNDS-Li)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Šeibokaitė ◽  
A. Endriulaitienė ◽  
K. Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė ◽  
O. Oviedo-Trespalacios ◽  
N. Watson-Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Young Drivers

Examining the Effect of Social Influence on Young Drivers’ Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1394-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangda Zhang ◽  
Shashank Mehrotra ◽  
Shannon C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15 to 20-year olds. Young/novice drivers have long been thought to be vulnerable to the impact of peer passengers, and thus have a higher crash risk. It has been proven that perceived risky behavior of close friends was the best psychosocial predictor of risk. Additionally, young drivers (18-20 years) have the highest involvement in distraction-related crashes. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of social influence and driver distraction on young drivers’ behavior. Twenty-four pairs of participants took part in the study. Participants drove in pairs and by themselves while completing four distraction tasks. Results showed that the presence of a passenger did not show statistical significance related to drivers’ behavior. However, other social influence factors did significantly impact drivers’ behavior, including stimulating companionship, type of friendship, and their interactions.

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