A Visual Channel Theory Approach to Pilot Performance and Simulator Imagery

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
David Regan ◽  
Ronald Kruk ◽  
Ken Beverley ◽  
Tom Longridge
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Channel Theory

There is a body of experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that an early stage of visual processing consists of analyzing retinal image information into a number of abstract categories or features, called channels. This paper briefly reviews the channel hypothesis and cites potential implications for flight simulator visual display design. The results of a preliminary study designed to investigate the relationships between channel sensitivity and flight simulator landing performance are presented.

Visual Channel Sensitivity and Pilot Performance in a Flight Simulator

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 885-889
Author(s):  
Ronald Kruk ◽  
David M. Regan ◽  
Ken I. Beverley ◽  
Thomas M. Longridge
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Formation Flight ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Psychophysical Test

In previous research significant correlations were found between measures of sensitivity in certain hypothetical visual channels and simulated landing performance under degraded visibility. The present study replicated the earlier findings, and extended the approach to a broader cross section of flight tasks. An additional psychophysical test of superthreshold velocity discrimination was found to exhibit significant correlation with formation flight precision and with manual weapons delivery performance.

Visual channel sensitivity and pilot performance in a flight simulator

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Kruk ◽  
David M. Regan ◽  
Ken I. Beverley ◽  
Thomas M. Longridge
Keyword(s):  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Visual Channel

Computing with Self-Excitatory Cliques: A Model and an Application to Hyperacuity-Scale Computation in Visual Cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Miller ◽  
Steven W. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Spatiotemporal Response

We present a model of visual computation based on tightly inter-connected cliques of pyramidal cells. It leads to a formal theory of cell assemblies, a specific relationship between correlated firing patterns and abstract functionality, and a direct calculation relating estimates of cortical cell counts to orientation hyperacuity. Our network architecture is unique in that (1) it supports a mode of computation that is both reliable and efficent; (2) the current-spike relations are modeled as an analog dynamical system in which the requisite computations can take place on the time scale required for an early stage of visual processing; and (3) the dynamics are triggered by the spatiotemporal response of cortical cells. This final point could explain why moving stimuli improve vernier sensitivity.

The “Mosaic Stage” in Amodal Completion as Characterized by Magnetoencephalography Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1394-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs Plomp ◽  
Lichan Liu ◽  
Cees van Leeuwen ◽  
Andreas A. Ioannides
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Amodal Completion ◽  
Peak Latency ◽  
Per Se

We investigated the process of amodal completion in a same-different experiment in which test pairs were preceded by sequences of two figures. The first of these could be congruent to a global or local completion of an occluded part in the second figure, or a mosaic interpretation of it. We recorded and analyzed the magnetoencephalogram for the second figures. Compared to control conditions, in which unrelated primes were shown, occlusion and mosaic primes reduced the peak latency and amplitude of neural activity evoked by the occlusion patterns. Compared to occlusion primes, mosaic ones reduced the latency but increased the amplitude of evoked neural activity. Processes relating to a mosaic interpretation of the occlusion pattern, therefore, can dominate in an early stage of visual processing. The results did not provide evidence for the presence of a functional “mosaic stage” in completion per se, but characterize the mosaic interpretation as a qualitatively special one that can rapidly emerge in visual processing when context favors it.

High serum concentration of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 at early stage of obesity – preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Olejnik ◽  
Iwona Bil-Lula ◽  
Anna Krzywonos-Zawadzka ◽  
Łukasz Kozera
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Preliminary Study

Background: Adipose tissue has been recognized as an endocrine organ of considerable complexity, able to secrete adipose-derived factors named adipokines. The secretion of adipokines depends greatly on the volume of body fat, which in turn significantly changes their activity towards a diabetogenic, proinflammatory, and atherogenic pattern. One of the discovered adipokines is dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4).<br>Objectives: The aim of this preliminary study was to establish an association between serum concentration of DPP4 and obesity at early stage.<br>Material and methods: A total of 32 obese adult volunteers and 40 lean controls were studied. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and glucose concentrations were assessed in serum/plasma samples by using commercial tests. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were determined. Serum concentrations of DPP4, leptin, visfatin, CRP (C-reactive protein), and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) were measured using commercial ELISA immunoassay tests.<br>Results: Serum concentrations of DPP4, leptin and visfatin were significantly higher in obese than in lean subjects. The concentration of DPP4 positively correlated with BMI and body mass. Serum CRP and TNF-alpha were increased in obese compared to non-obese, and had a positive correlation with BMI, WHR and body mass.<br>Conclusions: We showed that there is an association between the DPP4, leptin and visfatin concentration in serum and elevated body weight and BMI even at early stage of obesity (I stage of obesity). It suggest the importance of adipose tissue reduction to prevent rise of adipokines levels and further negative metabolic and inflammatory changes.

scholarly journals Visual attention spreads broadly but selects information locally

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shioiri ◽  
Hajime Honjyo ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kashiwase ◽  
Kazumichi Matsumiya ◽  
Ichiro Kuriki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Unified View ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
P3 Component

Abstract Visual attention spreads over a range around the focus as the spotlight metaphor describes. Spatial spread of attentional enhancement and local selection/inhibition are crucial factors determining the profile of the spatial attention. Enhancement and ignorance/suppression are opposite effects of attention, and appeared to be mutually exclusive. Yet, no unified view of the factors has been provided despite their necessity for understanding the functions of spatial attention. This report provides electroencephalographic and behavioral evidence for the attentional spread at an early stage and selection/inhibition at a later stage of visual processing. Steady state visual evoked potential showed broad spatial tuning whereas the P3 component of the event related potential showed local selection or inhibition of the adjacent areas. Based on these results, we propose a two-stage model of spatial attention with broad spread at an early stage and local selection at a later stage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document