Prevention & Conservation: Historicizing the Stigma of Hearing Loss, 1910-1940

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaipreet Virdi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Hearing Tests ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
New Research

During the early twentieth century, otologists began collaborating with organizers of the New York League for the Hard of Hearing to build a bridge to “adjust the economic ratio” of deafness and create new research avenues for alleviating or curing hearing loss. This collegiality not only defined the medical discourse surrounding hearing impairment, anchoring it in hearing tests and hearing aid prescription, but, in so doing, solidified the notion that deafness was a “problem” in dire need of a “solution.” Public health campaigns thus became pivotal for spreading this message on local and national levels. This paper focuses on how, from the 1920s to 1950s, as otologists became more involved with social projects for the deaf and hard of hearing — advocating lip-reading, community work, and welfare programs — at the same time, they also mandated for greater therapeutic regulation, control of hearing aid distribution, and standardization of hearing tests. The seemingly paradoxical nature of their roles continued to reinforce the stigmatization of deafness: with widespread availability of effective help, the hearing impaired were expected to seek out therapeutic or technological measures rather than live with their affliction.

Promoting Hearing Loss Prevention in Audiology Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Byrne ◽  
Christa L. Themann ◽  
Deanna K. Meinke ◽  
Thais C. Morata ◽  
Mark R. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Loss Prevention ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Occupational Programs ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Self Protection

An audiologist should be the principal provider and advocate for all hearing loss prevention activities. Many audiologists equate hearing loss prevention with industrial audiology and occupational hearing conservation programs. However, an audiologist’s involvement in hearing loss prevention should not be confined to that one particular practice setting. In addition to supervising occupational programs, audiologists are uniquely qualified to raise awareness of hearing risks, organize public health campaigns, promote healthy hearing, implement intervention programs, and monitor outcomes. For example, clinical audiologists can show clients how to use inexpensive sound level meters, noise dosimeters, or phone apps to measure noise levels, and recommend appropriate hearing protection. Audiologists should identify community events that may involve hazardous exposures and propose strategies to minimize risks to hearing. Audiologists can help shape the knowledge, beliefs, motivations, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals toward self-protection. An audiologist has the education, tools, opportunity, and strategic position to facilitate or promote hearing loss surveillance and prevention services and activities. This article highlights real-world examples of the various roles and substantial contributions audiologists can make toward hearing loss prevention goals.

Hearing-Aid Performance and Hearing-Aid Selection

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Charles Speaks ◽  
Carolyn Malmquist
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Rank Ordering ◽  
Intelligibility Test ◽  
Sentence Intelligibility

A sentence intelligibility test was used to evaluate listener performance with three hearing aids differing substantially in physical characteristics. Thirty six hard-of-hearing listeners, representing various types and degrees of hearing loss, were tested. Results showed that, although the sentence intelligibility test reflected meaningful average differences among the aids, the rank ordering of aids was essentially equivalent for all listeners.

Literacy Attainment Among Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Margaret Harris ◽  
Emmanouela Terlektsi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Literacy Outcomes ◽  
Looking Back

The chapter begins by looking back at the review of literacy outcomes among children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), published in 1996 by Marschark and Harris. In the light of developments in hearing aid technology and the age at which hearing loss is now identified, the chapter considers whether the picture described in the review has changed significantly in the two decades that have elapsed since its publication. It assesses evidence about levels of literacy attainment across the two decades and shows that, while spoken language has improved for many children, levels of literacy have not seen a commensurate improvement. The chapter also considers how views of the skills that predict success and failure in learning to read have evolved. It ends by considering how children who are DHH can be taught most effectively to read, and it speculates about future developments both in technology and in teaching.

Measles cases will spur US vaccines debate

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Media Firms

Subject Measles cases and vaccinations in the United States. Significance The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in late May there had been 971 reported cases of measles in 2019, surpassing the previous US record of 963 in 1994. Measles is highly contagious but had been eliminated in the United States in 2000. Now, however, it is back. The current outbreak is particularly affecting parts of New York City and within that, the Orthodox Jewish community. Impacts Social media firms could face government and public pressure further to help with public health campaigns. There will likely be court cases against local governments’ legal moves to compel people to be vaccinated. If vaccination levels do not increase markedly, inroads could be created into the problem by increasing US border health checks.

Disposable

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit Hughes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World's Fair ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Early American ◽  
Corporate Speech ◽  
New York World's Fair ◽  
Critical Resource ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Small Screen

When television was introduced to the American public at the New York World’s Fair, its prerecorded content was dominated by sponsored film. These programs, designed to achieve goals ranging from securing participation in public health campaigns to cultivating viewer goodwill, were produced by diverse civic, governmental, educational, and industrial institutions. For many fairgoers being introduced to television, the marvel of the new medium would have been interlaced not with Hollywood and entertainment programming, but with the tropes of industrial and civic progress, corporate goodwill, and national expansion so often found in the period’s sponsored films. This article traces these intersections beyond the Fair, when sponsored films found their way to television in high numbers thanks to their ability to mediate between the needs and interests of several key groups within early American broadcasting (stations, networks, industrial film producers, and the government). Operating as “filler” for stations hoping to nourish and grow their local schedules, sponsored film provided a critical resource that supported the development of broadcasting infrastructure (and, of course, flow) while reinforcing the medium’s commercial status through the provision of an additional, alternative avenue of corporate speech on the small screen. Returning to a wide set of texts that continue to persist—despite assumptions regarding early American television programming’s irrevocability—this article works with and against disposability, positioning ephemerality as a problem of attention.

scholarly journals Are Need for Affect and Cognition Culture-Dependent? Implications for Global Public health Campaigns: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Bei Zhu ◽  
Chunlan Yuan ◽  
Chao Chao ◽  
Jiaofeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Need For Affect ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

Abstract Background: Cultural differences in affective and cognitive intrinsic motivations could introduce challenges to global public health campaigns, which use cognitive or affective goals to evoke desired attitudes and proactive health-promoting actions. This study aimed to demonstrate cross-cultural differences in affective and cognitive intrinsic motivations, and discuss the potential value of this information in public health promotion.Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using cross-culturally validated need for affect (NFA) and need for cognition (NFC) scales, was carried out among 1166 Chinese participants and compared to published data from 980 American participants. Additionally, we assessed a highly prevalent symbolic geriatric health condition, hearing loss, in 500 community-dwelling seniors. MANOVA test and Hedge’s g statistic were employed to compare the NFA and NFC levels between individuals from different countries and between seniors with and without hearing loss. The relation of early healthcare seeking intention to NFA and NFC was also explored.Results: The primary Chinese sample demonstrated decreased NFA and NFC in contrast to their American peers. This difference was preserved in the senior sample. Moreover, seniors with hearing loss had even lower NFA and NFC than those without hearing loss. Intention for early healthcare seeking was low but was associated with intrinsic motivation.Conclusions: There was a general lack of affective and cognitive intrinsic motivation in Chinese individuals, particularly in seniors with hearing loss, compared with their American peers. These differences, point to a potential challenge in framing effective messages for some cultures in the geriatric public health domain. Ideally, recognizing and understanding this challenge will inspire consideration of novel persuasive strategies for these audiences.

Risky Business: New York City’s Experience With Fear-Based Public Health Campaigns

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Fairchild ◽  
Ronald Bayer ◽  
James Colgrove
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Risky Business

scholarly journals AT HØRE, AT HØRE EFTER, AT HØRE TIL: Strategier i forbindelse med høretab og høreapparater

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Bisgaard
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Bodily Appearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

As long as the sense of hearing remains intact, the individual can participate in the negotiation and production of social and cultural values in the contexts to which she or he ascribes a meaning. But what happens when the sounds are muffled? The handling of hearing loss is subject to substantial individual differences – some wish to participate in all social contexts, others wish only to uphold contact to specific segments of the lifeworld. The hard of hearing may be excluded from a number of contexts, but the hearing aid may be a help to retain a position. Some use them in all their waking hours, others only in specific contexts. The difference is due to physiological and technological circumstances, because no two hearing losses are perceived in the same way. Moreover, the technology of the hearing aid may help the user to hear better, but it does not restore natural hearing. Typically, the hard of hearing go through a process, in which the physical hearing loss is related to the lifeworld. In this process the individual moves from being a normal hearing person to being hard of hearing. Being hard of hearing differed for the informants from a wish to participate in social life to an utter loss of one’s functioning and a concern with bodily appearance.  

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