scholarly journals Pregnancy and Childbearing Among Young Adults Who Experienced Foster Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Massey Combs ◽  
Stephanie Begun ◽  
Deborah J. Rinehart ◽  
Heather Taussig
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Young Parents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

This study explores rates of early pregnancy and parenthood among a sample of young adults ( N = 215), ages 18–22, with a history of foster care. The study also compares the educational attainment, financial resources, and homelessness experiences of young adults who became parents to those who did not. By age 21, 49% of the young women became pregnant, and 33% of young men reported getting someone pregnant. Over a quarter of participants experienced parenthood, which was associated with lower educational attainment, less employment, not having a checking or savings account, and a history of homelessness. Gender moderated the association between parenthood and employment such that males who were parents were more likely than female parents to be employed. Given that these young adults were at risk of early pregnancy and parenthood regardless of emancipation status and across several racial/ethnic groups, the results suggest a need for early pregnancy prevention efforts for all youth with child welfare involvement as well as improving resources and support for those who become young parents.

scholarly journals Tobacco Advertisement Liking, Vulnerability Factors, and Tobacco Use Among Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna A Lienemann ◽  
Shyanika W Rose ◽  
Jennifer B Unger ◽  
Helen I Meissner ◽  
M Justin Byron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Advertising Exposure ◽  
Marketing Messages ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract Introduction Young adulthood (aged 18–24) is a crucial period in the development of long-term tobacco use patterns. Tobacco advertising and promotion lead to the initiation and continuation of smoking among young adults. We examined whether vulnerability factors moderated the association between tobacco advertisement liking and tobacco use in the United States. Methods Analyses were conducted among 9109 US young adults in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study wave 1 (2013–14). Participants viewed 20 randomly selected sets of tobacco advertisements (five each for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) and indicated whether they liked each ad. The outcome variables were past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco use. Covariates included tobacco advertisement liking, age, sex, race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, poverty level, military service, and internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms. Results Liking tobacco advertisements was associated with tobacco use, and this association was particularly strong among those with lower educational attainment (cigarettes, cigars) and living below the poverty level (e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco). Conclusions The association between tobacco advertisement liking and tobacco use was stronger among young adults with lower educational attainment and those living below the poverty level. Policies that restrict advertising exposure and promote counter-marketing messages in this population could reduce their risk. Implications This study shows that liking tobacco advertisements is associated with current tobacco use among young adults, with stronger associations for vulnerable young adults (ie, lower education levels and living below the poverty level). Findings suggest a need for counter-marketing messages, policies that restrict advertising exposure, and educational interventions such as health and media literacy interventions to address the negative influences of tobacco advertisements, especially among young adults with a high school education or less and those living below the poverty level.

scholarly journals Natural History of Social Participation in the Very Old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1561
Author(s):  
Merja Rantakokko ◽  
Rachel Duncan ◽  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Ross Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Objective: To describe the natural history of social participation in people aged 85 years and over. Methods: Prospective cohort study; Newcastle 85+ study. Data were collected at baseline ( n = 850) and at 18-, 36- and 60-month follow-ups ( n = 344). Participation in 19 social activities (e.g. playing bingo, doing volunteer work and watching television) was measured at each time point. Results: The mean number of activities reported at baseline was 8.7 ( SD 2.6). The number of activities was higher in those with higher educational attainment and intact walking ability (both p < .001). Social participation decreased significantly over time ( p < .001) and at a similar rate in both sexes and for those with/without limited walking ability but at a higher rate in those with higher than lower educational attainment ( p = .019). Discussion: Social participation seems to decrease significantly between ages 85 and 90 years; ways of encouraging social participation in this age group are needed.

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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