scholarly journals Prevalence of Injuries Among Medicaid Enrolled Infants Prior to Child Abuse and Neglect

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755952110316
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Shanahan ◽  
Anna E. Austin ◽  
Molly C. Berkoff
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Well Child Visit ◽  
Child Visit ◽  
Prior Injury

Prior research has identified common injuries among children who experience child maltreatment; however, most of this work has focused on inpatient settings and has excluded many cases of neglect. This study examines the prevalence of injuries that occur prior to a diagnosis of child maltreatment, as well as the proportion of children with well-child visits prior to the injury and child maltreatment diagnosis. Based on a secondary analysis of Medicaid data from four states, we found that among infants with 12 months of continuous enrollment ( N = 4817), 30.6% of those diagnosed with maltreatment were previously diagnosed with an injury. Among infants diagnosed with child maltreatment, 88.4% had at least one well-child visit prior to the maltreatment diagnosis. Among children with a maltreatment diagnosis and a prior injury, 84% had at least one well-child visit preceding the injury. These results indicate that most children had at least one well-child visit prior to being diagnosed with child maltreatment or an injury, indicating opportunities for prevention.

scholarly journals Trends, Diagnoses, and Hospitalization Costs of Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7585
Author(s):  
Armeda Stevenson Wojciak ◽  
Brandon Butcher ◽  
Aislinn Conrad ◽  
Carol Coohey ◽  
Resmiye Oral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Care Database

We conducted a secondary analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to examine child abuse and neglect hospitalization from 1998–2016. The NIS is the largest all-payer, inpatient care database in the United States and is maintained by the Health Care Utilization Project. Participants were youth 18 years and younger with discharged diagnoses of child abuse and neglect from hospitals. The rate of child abuse or neglect hospitalizations did not vary significantly over the study period (1998–2016), which on average was 6.9 per 100,000 children annually. Males (53.0%), infants (age < 1; 47.3%), and young children (age 1–3; 24.2%) comprised most of the child maltreatment cases. Physical abuse was the most frequent type of maltreatment leading to hospitalization. Government insurance was the most common payer source, accounting for 77.3% of all child maltreatment hospitalizations and costing 1.4 billion dollars from 2001–2016. Hospitalizations due to child abuse and neglect remain steady and are costly, averaging over $116 million per year. The burden on government sources suggests a high potential for return on investment in effective child abuse prevention strategies.

Risk Factors in Child Abuse and Neglect

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Lea Tufford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

This chapter examines the risk factors for child abuse and neglect from the perspective of the child, parent, family, community, and culture. There are many issues that may contribute to child abuse, but some factors increase the risk to children and make them more vulnerable to abuse. They can be found in the background of parents, in the environmental situation, and in attributes of the child themselves. The child’s culture and level of community support may also be risk factors in child abuse and/or neglect. Risk factors are characteristics associated with child maltreatment and may or may not be direct causes.

What evidence is there that parenting interventions reduce child abuse and neglect among maltreating families? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-393
Author(s):  
Sarah Whitcombe-Dobbs ◽  
Michael Tarren-Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

In families where child abuse and neglect have already occurred, there is a strong imperative to provide interventions that reduce or eliminate harm done to children. Parenting programs lack tailoring for the needs of maltreating parents, and maltreating parents themselves are a heterogeneous group with varying needs. The literature on the effectiveness of parenting interventions for high-risk parents is limited, and this scarcity of knowledge can result in child protection cases being treated as a natural experiment. For children who experience ongoing maltreatment by their parents, the most stringent test for effectiveness goes beyond an improvement in positive parenting skills—child abuse and neglect must reduce or be eliminated. The present review addressed the research question What evidence is there that parenting interventions conducted with parents who maltreat their children, reduce the incidence of further child maltreatment? Databases were searched for trials of parenting interventions where participants were maltreating parents and outcome data included an objective measure of child abuse and neglect. Nine studies satisfied the selection criteria and are summarized. Four studies reported a statistically significant difference between groups in favor of the intervention group for two parenting interventions, Parent–Child Interaction Therapy and SafeCare. However, the review concludes that none of the reviewed parenting interventions have been demonstrated to be effective at reducing all types of child maltreatment through a high-quality RCT. Previous research is compromised by several critical methodological limitations, including low participant recruitment and retention, and narrow selection criteria. Recommendations are offered for future research on parenting interventions that aim to reduce child abuse and neglect.

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