Pregnancy-Associated Deaths in Virginia Due to Homicides, Suicides, and Accidental Overdoses Compared With Natural Causes

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1620-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bronson ◽  
Rebecca Reviere
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Accidental Overdose ◽  
Natural Cause Of Death

This research is a case study of 309 pregnancy-associated deaths that occurred in Virginia from 1999-2005. Pregnancy-associated deaths due to homicide, suicide, or accidental overdose were compared with natural deaths. Violent deaths accounted for almost 30% of the cases. Homicides accounted for 13% of all the deaths in the sample, larger than any single natural cause of death. Homicide was the leading manner of death for Black women and was 4.5 times the rate of White decedents. Recommendations include expanding maternal death surveillance, committing to ending violence against women, and promoting universal screenings for domestic or interpersonal violence.

Investigating the Increase in Domestic Violence Post Disaster: An Australian Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2333-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Published Research

Interviews with 30 women in two shires in Victoria, Australia, confirmed that domestic violence increased following the catastrophic Black Saturday bushfires on February 7, 2009. As such research is rare, it addresses a gap in the disaster and interpersonal violence literature. The research that exists internationally indicates that increased violence against women is characteristic of a postdisaster recovery in developing countries. The relative lack of published research from primary data in developed countries instead reflects our resistance to investigating or recognizing increased male violence against women after disasters in developed countries. This article begins with an overview of this literature. The primary research was qualitative, using in-depth semistructured interviews to address the research question of whether violence against women increased in the Australian context. The sample of 30 women was aged from 20s to 60s. Recruitment was through flyers and advertisements, and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and checked by participants. Analysis was inductive, using modified grounded theory. Seventeen women gave accounts of new or increased violence from male partners that they attribute to the disaster. A key finding is that, not only is there both increased and new domestic violence but formal reporting will not increase in communities unwilling to hear of this hidden disaster. Findings are reported within a framework of three broad explanations. In conclusion, although causation is not claimed, it is important to act on the knowledge that increased domestic violence and disasters are linked.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal Mortality in the United States Using Enhanced Vital Records, 2016‒2017

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e9
Author(s):  
Marian F. MacDorman ◽  
Marie Thoma ◽  
Eugene Declcerq ◽  
Elizabeth A. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
White Women ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Hispanic White

Objectives. To better understand racial and ethnic disparities in US maternal mortality. Methods. We analyzed 2016–2017 vital statistics mortality data with cause-of-death literals (actual words written on the death certificate) added. We created a subset of confirmed maternal deaths that had pregnancy mentions in the cause-of-death literals. Primary cause of death was identified and recoded using cause-of-death literals. We examined racial and ethnic disparities both overall and by primary cause. Results. The maternal mortality rate for non-Hispanic Black women was 3.55 times that for non-Hispanic White women. Leading causes of maternal death for non-Hispanic Black women were eclampsia and preeclampsia and postpartum cardiomyopathy with rates 5 times those for non-Hispanic White women. Non-Hispanic Black maternal mortality rates from obstetric embolism and obstetric hemorrhage were 2.3 to 2.6 times those for non-Hispanic White women. Together, these 4 causes accounted for 59% of the non-Hispanic Black‒non-Hispanic White maternal mortality disparity. Conclusions. The prominence of cardiovascular-related conditions among the leading causes of confirmed maternal death, particularly for non-Hispanic Black women, necessitates increased vigilance for cardiovascular problems during the pregnant and postpartum period. Many of these deaths are preventable. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 12, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306375 )

GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AMONGST WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF MWENEZI DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Rugoho ◽  
France Maphosa
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

This article is based on a study of gender-based violence against women with disabilities. The study sought to examine the factors that make such women vulnerable, to investigate the community’s responses to gender-based violence against women with disabilities, and to determine the impact of gender-based violence on the wellbeing and health of women with disabilities. The study adopted a qualitative research design so as to arrive at an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The study sample consisted of 48 disabled women living in marital or common law unions, selected using purposive sampling. Of the 48 women in the sample, 16 were visually impaired while the remaining 32 had other physical disabilities. Focus group discussions were used for data collection. The data were analysed using the thematic approach. The finding was that women with disabilities also experience gender-based violence. The study makes recommendations whose thrust is to change community perceptions on disability as the only guarantee towards eradicating gender-based violence against women with disabilities.

scholarly journals Creating and Maintaining Structural Hindrances to Criminal Justice Control – A Policy Analysis on the Normalisation of Parental Violence as a Crime in Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110208
Author(s):  
Riikka Kotanen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
And Control

In the context of home, violence remains more accepted when committed against children than adults. Normalisation of parental violence has been documented in attitudinal surveys, professional practices, and legal regulation. For example, in many countries violent disciplining of children is the only legal form of interpersonal violence. This study explores the societal invisibility and normalisation of parental violence as a crime by analysing legislation and control policies regulating the division of labour and involvement between social welfare and criminal justice authorities. An empirical case study from Finland, where all forms of parental violence were legally prohibited in 1983, is used to elucidate the divergence between (criminal) law and control policies. The analysis demonstrates how normalisation operates at the policy-level where, within the same system of control that criminalised these acts, structural hindrances are built to prevent criminal justice interventions.

Teaching Journalists About Violence Against Women Best Reportage Practices: An Australian Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Patricia Easteal AM ◽  
Annie Blatchford ◽  
Kate Holland ◽  
Georgina Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Australian Case

Cause of death in judicial hanging: a review and case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hellier ◽  
Robert Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death

Abstract MP29: Effects of System-Level Factors on Race/Ethnic Differences in In-Hospital Mortality After Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Ibish ◽  
Philip Sun ◽  
Daniela Markovic ◽  
Roland Faigle ◽  
Rebecca F Gottesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
System Level ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Men

Introduction: Stroke mortality has declined, with differential changes by race; stroke is now the 5 th leading cause of death overall, but 2 nd leading cause of death in blacks. Little is known about recent race/ethnic trends in in-hospital mortality after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and whether system-level factors contribute to possible differences. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample, adults (>18 yrs) with a primary diagnosis of AIS from 2006 to 2017 (n=763,808) were identified. We assessed in-hospital mortality by race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander [API], other), sex, and age. Hospitals were categorized by proportion of minority patients served: <25% minority (white hospitals); 25-50% (mixed hospitals), and >50% (minority hospitals). Using survey adjusted logistic regression, the association between race/ethnicity and odds of mortality was assessed, adjusting for key sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics (e.g. age, comorbidities, stroke severity, DNR status, and palliative care). Results: Overall, mortality decreased from 5.0% in 2006 to 2.9% in 2017, p<0.001. Comparing 2006-2011 to 2012-2017, there was a 66% reduction in mortality after adjustment for covariates, most prominent in whites (68%) and smallest in blacks (58%). Compared to whites, blacks and Hispanics had lower adjusted odds of mortality (AOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.78-0.86 and AOR 0.92, CI 0.86-0.98), primarily driven by those >65 yrs (age x ethnicity interaction p = 0.003). Compared to white men, black, Hispanic, and API men and black women had lower odds of mortality. Adjusted mortality was lower in minorities vs. whites and most pronounced in white hospitals (white: AOR 0.78, 0.73-0.85; mixed: 0.85, 0.80-0.91; minority: 0.89, 0.82-0.95; interaction effect: p=0.018). These differences were present for both minority men and women in white and mixed hospitals, but not women in minority hospitals. Discussion: AIS mortality decreased dramatically in recent years. Overall, black and Hispanic AIS patients have lower mortality than whites, a difference that is most striking in white hospitals. Further study is needed to understand these differences and to what extent biological, sociocultural, and system-level factors play a role.

A therapeutic “innovation”…

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1673-1673
Author(s):  
A. Matos-Pires ◽  
F. Salazar-Garcia ◽  
E. Monteiro ◽  
D. Estevens
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Multiple Injuries ◽  
Frontal Lesion

Domestic violence, particularly violence against women, is a scourge that has killed this year in Portugal more than twenty women.Our aim is to present a case study on the issue of gender violence on a 49 years old woman with a prior diagnosis of bipolar disorder and its (terrible) consequences.The multiple injuries sustained over several years “treated” the bipolar disorder. Apart from a frontal lesion on CT there is now a set of neurological and psychiatric symptoms compatible with a diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) “boxer's dementia” like.

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