The Role of Sexual Abuse in Trauma Symptoms, Delinquent and Suicidal Behaviors, and Criminal Justice Outcomes Among Females in a Juvenile Justice Diversion Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystel Tossone ◽  
Madison Wheeler ◽  
Fredrick Butcher ◽  
Jeff Kretschmar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Diversion Program ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Running Away

Female juvenile justice–involved (JJI) youth experience more sexual abuse (SA) than their non-JJI counterparts or their male JJI counterparts. This study examines SA’s role among JJI females ( N = 1,307) in a behavioral health diversion program. Results indicate that SA increases the risk of psychological trauma, particularly posttraumatic stress and depression. SA also increases the odds of suicidal behavior, running away, and substance use. SA females have the same odds of successfully completing behavioral health diversion and being charged with any offense or misdemeanor after termination as non-SA females. Implications of research and future directions are discussed.

The Role of Controlled Substance Use in Diversion Outcomes Among Mentally Ill Offenders: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2709-2725
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Boland ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Diversion Programs ◽  
Diversion Program ◽  
Drug History

Diversion programs offer opportunities to offenders with substance abuse or mental illness to attend treatment as an alternative to incarceration. The present study identified variables associated with drug relapse and recidivism and the moderating role of substance use on recidivism in a diversion sample. Data were collected from 80 clients with psychotic disorders from a diversion program in New York City. Outcomes were examined after 6 and 12 months of program participation. Individuals who used controlled substances other than alcohol or cannabis were more likely to have a positive toxicology result than those who used alcohol or cannabis only or those with no alcohol/drug history. Individuals with schizoaffective disorder were more likely to be rearrested than individuals with other diagnoses, as were those with a violent offense (e.g., assault, robbery). Positive toxicology results were unrelated to rearrest and did not moderate recidivism, suggesting substance abuse may be only indirectly related to rearrest among diverted offenders.

Measuring the Impact of Psychological Trauma Change on Recidivism Among Juvenile Justice–Involved Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystel Tossone ◽  
Fredrick Butcher ◽  
Jeff Kretschmar
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Latent Variable Modeling ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Population heterogeneity and intra-individual change are often overlooked in recidivism research. This study employs latent transition analysis of psychological trauma from intake into a juvenile justice diversion program until termination, followed by modeling of recidivism. A comparison model of a logistic regression without latent variables is also presented, to answer whether the same results would have been achieved without using latent variable modeling. Results indicate that juvenile justice–involved (JJI) youth are assigned into four psychological trauma classes at intake, and three at termination. Latent status membership predicts 6-month recidivism ( p = .03). Those who begin in classes that have Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Anger have higher odds of recidivating than those who demonstrate generally high or low trauma symptoms at intake. The comparison regression model found no significant relationship between the five trauma symptom domains and recidivism. Implications for employing latent variable modeling and person-centered analyses for recidivism research are discussed.

scholarly journals Traumatic Events in Dual Disorders: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2553
Author(s):  
Laura Blanco ◽  
Albert Sió ◽  
Bridget Hogg ◽  
Ricard Esteve ◽  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
Dual Disorder

Psychological trauma has been identified in substance use disorders (SUD) as a major etiological risk factor. However, detailed and systematic data about the prevalence and types of psychological trauma in dual disorders have been scarce to date. In this study, 150 inpatients were recruited and cross-sectionally screened on their substance use severity, psychological trauma symptoms, comorbidities, and clinical severity. One hundred patients fulfilled criteria for a dual disorder, while 50 patients were diagnosed with only SUD. Ninety-four percent of the whole sample suffered from at least one lifetime traumatic event. The prevalence rates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder diagnosis for dual disorder and only SUD was around 20% in both groups; however, patients with dual disorder presented more adverse events, more childhood trauma, more dissociative symptoms, and a more severe clinical profile than patients with only SUD. Childhood maltreatment can also serve as a predictor for developing a dual disorder diagnosis and as a risk factor for developing a more complex and severe clinical profile. These data challenge our current clinical practice in the treatment of patients suffering from dual disorder or only SUD diagnosis and favor the incorporation of an additional trauma-focused therapy in this population. This may improve the prognosis and the course of the illness in these patients.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Victimization on Girls’ Delinquency: A Study of Direct and Indirect Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Peterson ◽  
Dana DeHart ◽  
Emily Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Running Away ◽  
Single Study ◽  
Indirect Victimization ◽  
The Impact

Previous research has acknowledged that there is a relationship between victimization and later delinquency, but the specific attributes of this relationship are unclear because measures of both direct and indirect victimization are rarely explored in a single study. We included both indirect and direct victimization to examine which form of victimization was a stronger predictor of substance use, fighting, running away, and sex work among girls committed to a juvenile justice facility. Findings indicated that direct victimization was typically a more salient predictor of delinquency than indirect forms of victimization. Further, running away and sex work appear to be unique outcomes that are particularly likely when girls experience direct rather than indirect victimization. Findings are summarized with implications for health and public policy.

Injury and the Orchestral Environment: Part III. The Role of Psychosocial Factors in the Experience of Musicians Undertaking Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale LL Rickert ◽  
Margaret S Barrett ◽  
Bronwen J Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Orchestral Musicians ◽  
Management Staff

Workplace rehabilitation in the orchestral setting poses a number of challenges that arise in part due to a poor fit between generic injury insurance and medical care and the elite performance requirements of professional musicians. Currently, the orchestral profession lacks information and strategies to best deal with the unique challenges of this complex rehabilitation environment. In order to inform future directions for research and suggest possible changes of practice, the researchers conducted a qualitative case-study aimed at understanding the injury and rehabilitation experiences of professional musicians. In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with three chronically injured professional cellists from a single Australian orchestra. After initial data analysis, further interviews were undertaken with a set of five orchestral management staff as a means of data triangulation. All data were analysed using a themes-based analysis-of-narrative approach. The findings indicate that injury concealment played a considerable role in the development of chronic injuries for these musicians, and management staff felt that this concealment may be the norm amongst orchestral musicians. The musicians in this study suffered emotional and psychological trauma as the result of their injuries, and two participants felt socially marginalised. During rehabilitation, the musicians in this study encountered difficulties with medical staff not understanding the elite performance requirements of orchestral work. The article proposes recommendations that may assist in dealing with the complex challenges of injury rehabilitation in the orchestral environment.

scholarly journals SEVERITY OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND REVICTIMIZATION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COPING AND TRAUMA SYMPTOMS

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Fortier ◽  
David DiLillo ◽  
Terri L. Messman-Moore ◽  
James Peugh ◽  
Kathleen A. DeNardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Mediating Role
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